Vesuvius - Campi Flegrei Supersite Biennial Report 2024

Coordinator:
- INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, the Italian Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology) with the “Osservatorio Vesuviano” (INGV-OV), the “Osservatorio Etneo” (INGV-OE) and the “Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti” (INGV-ONT) branches.
Participants:
- IREA-CNR (Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, the Italian Institute for the Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment from CNR, the National Research Council);
- Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Ottawa (Canada);
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Department of Earth Sciences, of the Environment and Resources (Italy);
- University of Rome 3, Sciences Department (Italy);
- Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (Spain);
- University of Colorado, Boulder (USA);
- Universidad de Chile, Santiago (Chile).

Currently many studies are carried out in the Neapolitan Volcanic District (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and the Island of Ischia), thus demonstrating the interest by the Supersite science teams and the scientific community as a whole in this active volcanic area. The aims of these studies by the science teams, though not limited to, are:  research, by taking part into international research projects/activities and  monitoring, focused on the near real time surveillance of the volcanoes belonging to the Neapolitan Volcanic District, for benefit of the local and national Civil Protection agencies. Such monitoring activities are now mainly focused on Campi Flegrei, currently at the attention (yellow) level according to the Campi Flegrei Emergency Plan issued by the Italian Civil Protection Department, where an anomalous seismic activity has been recorded starting from September 2023, with shallow events with magnitude up to 4.4, clearly felt by people, also in the city of Naples. Since the beginning of the current unrest phase in November, 2005, Campi Flegrei area underwent an uplift > 130 cm to date in the maximum deformation area, close to the coastline (see the INGV-"Osservatorio Vesuviano" monthly surveillance reports https://www.ov.ingv.it/index.php/monitoraggio-e-infrastrutture/bollettini-tutti/bollett-mensilicf/anno-2024-3/). No significant events have been recorded in the time span covered by this report (2022-2024) neither in the Vesuvius area, nor in the Island of Ischia where, conversely, a Md=3.9 earthquake occurred on August 21 st , 2017. Moreover, during the 2022-2024 biennium of the Supersite initiative, there was an improvement and fine-tuning of the EPOS Data Portal infrastructure (https://www.ics-c.eposeu.org/), conceived for data and products dissemination within the scientific community and accessible through the Volcano Observations Thematic Core Service (VO-TCS) gateway (https://vo-tcs.ct.ingv.it/gateway/). In this biennium, besides the provision of InSAR data from X-and C-bands (TSX/TDX/CSK/S-1) already exploited since many years, more activities supporting scientists involved in this Supersite took place, i.e. the provision of PLEIADES tri-stereo optical data over Vesuvius, jointly

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[18] Amoruso, A., Crescentini, L. (2022) “Clues of Ongoing Deep Magma Inflation at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy) from Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of SAR Data”, Remote Sensing, 14, 5698 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225698 (feature paper) [19] Amoruso, A., Crescentini, L. (2023) “DInSAR Data Reveal an Intriguing Contemporaneous Onset of Deep Deflation below Vesuvio and the Ongoing Campi Flegrei Uplift”, Remote Sensing, 15, 3038 (2023), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123038;
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