Options
Looking into a volcanic area: An overview on the 350 m scientific drilling at Colli
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2/176 (2008)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
225-240
Issued date
September 2008
Alternative Location
Abstract
A 350m deep boreholewas drilled in the Colli Albani volcanic district (Central Italy) in order to: understand the
shallow crust structure beneath the volcanic complex; characterize the rock physical properties especially
through in-situ measurements and, afterward, laboratory experiments; assess the local present-day stress
field; install a broad-band seismometer at depth. The borehole is located adjacent to the western rim of the
Tuscolano–Artemisio caldera, where several phenomena of unrest recently occurred. In 1989–90 a seismic
swarm affected this area and a related uplift was recognized. In addition, high gas concentrations (mainly CO2
and H2S), in aquifers and soils, caused illnesses and casualties among inhabitants and animals in the past.
We describe the investigations carried out at the drill site and the results achieved from data analysis.Wire-line
drilling produced a complete stratigraphic record of the Quaternary volcanic units down to the Plio–Pleistocene
sedimentary sequence and geophysical logs allowed a characterization of the rock physical properties. From a
tectonic point of view, data provided by Dipmeter and Borehole Televiewer were used for investigations on the
recent and present-day stress field and the results are compared to those available in the literature. In the volcanic
units we recognized two main fracture systems, SW and NW dipping. Several faults intersecting the borehole
showplaneswith oblique striae, indicating a prevalent strike–slip component of the movement. Finally, borehole
breakout analysis defined an active stress field with a ∼E–Woriented minimum horizontal component.
At the end of the drilling, a blow-out occurred, due to pressurized fluids trapped into the sandy unit drilled in the
last fewmeters of the hole. Sampling these fluids gave an additional value to the borehole, providing information
about the deep volcanic circulation and its possible connection to a deep-seated magma chamber. The main
results show water with a Na–HCO3 chemistry and the highest salinity ever recognised in the area (Electrical
Conductivity=10.12 mS/cm). Stable O and H isotopes reveal ameteoric origin ofwater and the absence of tritium
points out a long residence time in the aquifer. Emitted gas is CO2-dominated, with N2 as second most important
component. Helium isotopic composition of the gas allows us to estimate a magmatic component ranging in the
interval 40–50%, one of the highest in the Colli Albani. Carbon isotopes of CO2 (−0.53‰ vs. PDB) suggest that it
could derive partly froma magmatic source and partly by the thermal decarbonation of the carbonatic basement.
shallow crust structure beneath the volcanic complex; characterize the rock physical properties especially
through in-situ measurements and, afterward, laboratory experiments; assess the local present-day stress
field; install a broad-band seismometer at depth. The borehole is located adjacent to the western rim of the
Tuscolano–Artemisio caldera, where several phenomena of unrest recently occurred. In 1989–90 a seismic
swarm affected this area and a related uplift was recognized. In addition, high gas concentrations (mainly CO2
and H2S), in aquifers and soils, caused illnesses and casualties among inhabitants and animals in the past.
We describe the investigations carried out at the drill site and the results achieved from data analysis.Wire-line
drilling produced a complete stratigraphic record of the Quaternary volcanic units down to the Plio–Pleistocene
sedimentary sequence and geophysical logs allowed a characterization of the rock physical properties. From a
tectonic point of view, data provided by Dipmeter and Borehole Televiewer were used for investigations on the
recent and present-day stress field and the results are compared to those available in the literature. In the volcanic
units we recognized two main fracture systems, SW and NW dipping. Several faults intersecting the borehole
showplaneswith oblique striae, indicating a prevalent strike–slip component of the movement. Finally, borehole
breakout analysis defined an active stress field with a ∼E–Woriented minimum horizontal component.
At the end of the drilling, a blow-out occurred, due to pressurized fluids trapped into the sandy unit drilled in the
last fewmeters of the hole. Sampling these fluids gave an additional value to the borehole, providing information
about the deep volcanic circulation and its possible connection to a deep-seated magma chamber. The main
results show water with a Na–HCO3 chemistry and the highest salinity ever recognised in the area (Electrical
Conductivity=10.12 mS/cm). Stable O and H isotopes reveal ameteoric origin ofwater and the absence of tritium
points out a long residence time in the aquifer. Emitted gas is CO2-dominated, with N2 as second most important
component. Helium isotopic composition of the gas allows us to estimate a magmatic component ranging in the
interval 40–50%, one of the highest in the Colli Albani. Carbon isotopes of CO2 (−0.53‰ vs. PDB) suggest that it
could derive partly froma magmatic source and partly by the thermal decarbonation of the carbonatic basement.
References
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Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., Montone, P., Parotto, M., Voltaggio, M., 1994b. An example of late Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics: the Acque Albume basin (Tivoli, Latium). Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It. 49: 37-50.
Freda, C., Gaeta, M., Karner, D.B., Marra, F., Renne, P.R., Taddeucci, J., Scarlato, P., Christensen, J.N., Dallai, L., 2006. Eruptive history and petrologic evolution of the Albano multiple maar (Alban Hills, Central Italy). Bull. Volcanol. 68 (6): 567–591, doi 10.1007/s00445-005-0033-6.
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Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., 1995. Recent uplift of the Alban Hills volcano (Italy): evidence for magmatic inflation? Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (15): 1985-1988.
Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., Cocco, M., Di Bona, M., Selvaggi, G., 1994. The 1989-1990 seismic swarm in the Alban Hills volcanic area, Central Italy; internal structure of volcanoes and geophysical precursors of eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 61 (3-4): 225-237.
Barberi, F., Buonasorte, G., Cioni, R., Fiordelisi, A., Foresi, L., Laccarino, S., Laurenzi, M.A., Sbrana, A., Vernia, L., Villa, I.M., 1994. Plio–Pleistocene geological evolution of the geothermal area of Tuscany and Latium. Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. Ital. 49: 77-134.
Barberi, F., Carapezza, M.L., Ranaldi, M., Tarchini, L. 2007. Gas blowout from shallow boreholes at Fiumicino (Rome): Induced hazard and evidence of deep CO2 degassing on the Tyrrhenian margin of Central Italy. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 165: 17-31, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.009.
Bozzano, F., Gaeta, M., Marcoccia, S., 2006. Weathering of Valle Ricca stiff and jointed clay. Engineering Geology 84: 161-182.
Bowers, T.S., Jackson K.J., Helgeson H.C. 1984. Equilibrium Activity Diagram for coexisting mineral and acqueous solutions at pressures and temperatures to 5 kb and 600°C. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokio, 397 pp.
Carapezza, M.L., Tarchini, L., 2007. Accidental gas emission from shallow pressurized aquifers at Alban Hills volcano (Rome, Italy): Geochemical evidence of magmatic degassing?. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 165: 5-16, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.008.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Delaney, P.T., 1997. Crustal structure, evolution, and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy. Bull. Volcanol. 59 (3): 161-170.
Chiodini, G., 1994. Temperature, pressure and redox conditions governing the composition of the cold CO2 gases discharged in north Latium (Central Italy). Appl. Geochem. 9: 287-295.
Chiodini, G., Marini, L., 1998. Hydrothermal gas equilibria: The H2O-H2-CO2-CO-CH4 system. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 62: 2673-2688.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., 2001. Carbon dioxide degassing from the Alban Hills volcanic region, Central Italy. Chemical Geology 177 (1-2): 67-83.
Chiodini, G., Cardellini C., Amato A., Boschi E., Caliro S., Frondini F., Ventura G., 2004. Carbon dioxide Earth degassing and seismogenesis in central and southern Italy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31: L07615, doi:10.1029/2004GL019480.
Chiodini, G., Baldini, A., Barberi, F., Carapezza, M. L., Cardellini, C., Frondini, D., Granieri, M., Ranaldi, M., 2007. Carbon dioxide degassing at Latera caldera (Italy): Evidence of geothermal reservoir and evaluation of its potential energy. J. Geophys. Res. 112: B12204, doi:10.1029/2006JB004896.
Conticelli, S., Peccerillo, A., 1992. Petrology and geochemistry of potassic and ultrapotassic volcanism in central Italy - petrogenesis and inferences on the evolution of the mantle source. Lithos 28 (3-6): 221-240.
D’Amore, F., Meija, J., T., 1998. Chemical and physical reservoir parameters at initial conditions in Berlin geothermal field, El Salvador: A first assesment. Geothermics 28: 45-73.
De Rita, D., Funiciello, R., Parotto, M., 1988, Carta geologica del complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani (scala 1: 50.000). Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, CNR, Roma.
De Rita, D., Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., Rosa C., 1995. Stratigraphy and volcano-tectonics of the volcano of the Alban Hills. In: R. Trigila (Editor), The Volcano of the Alban Hills. Cons. Naz. delle Ric., Rome, Italy, pp. 33 – 71.
Di Filippo, M., Toro, B., 1980. Analisi gravimetrica delle strutture geologiche del Lazio Meridionale. Geol. Rom. 19: 285–294.
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., 1993. Tettonica pleistocenica tra il M. Soratte ed i Monti Cornicolani (Lazio). Il Quaternario 6 (1): 103-118.
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., Mattei, M., 1994a. Late Pleistocene N–S shear zones along the LatiumTyrrhenian margin: structural characters and volcanological implications. Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl. 35: 141–144.
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., Montone, P., Parotto, M., Voltaggio, M., 1994b. An example of late Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics: the Acque Albume basin (Tivoli, Latium). Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It. 49: 37-50.
Freda, C., Gaeta, M., Karner, D.B., Marra, F., Renne, P.R., Taddeucci, J., Scarlato, P., Christensen, J.N., Dallai, L., 2006. Eruptive history and petrologic evolution of the Albano multiple maar (Alban Hills, Central Italy). Bull. Volcanol. 68 (6): 567–591, doi 10.1007/s00445-005-0033-6.
Freda, C., Gaeta M., Misiti V., Mollo S., Dolfi D., Scarlato P., 2007. Magma-carbonate interaction: an experimental study on ultrapotassic rocks from Alban Hills (Central Italy). Lithos in press, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.008.
Funiciello, R., Parotto, M., 1978. Il substrato sedimentario nellarea dei Colli Albani: considerazioni geodinamiche e paleogeografiche sul margine tirrenico dell’Appennino centrale. Geol. Rom. 17: 233–287.
Funiciello, R., Locardi, E.; Lombardi, G.; Parotto, M., 1976. The sedimentary ejecta from phreatomagmatic activity and their use for location of potential geothermal areas. International Congress on thermal waters, geothermal energy and volcanism of the mediterranean area, Athens, Greece,5-10 October 1976, Athens, Volume 1.
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., Carapezza, M.L., Barberi, F., 2002. L’attività recente del Lago Albano di Castelgandolfo. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 9 (13): 113–143.
Funiciello, R., Giordano, G., De Rita, D., 2003. The Albano maar lake (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy): recent volcanic activity and evidence of pre-Roman Age catastrophic lahar events. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 123: 43–61.
Gambardella, B., Marini L., Maneschi L., 2005. Dissolved potassium in the shallow groundwaters circulating in the volcanic rocks of central-southern Italy. Appl. Geochem. 20: 875-897.
Giaccio, B., Sposato, A., Gaeta, M., Marra, F., Palladino, D.M., Taddeucci, J., Barbieri, M., Messina, P., Rolfo, M.F., 2007. Mid-distal occurrences of the Albano Maar pyroclastic deposits and their relevance for reassessing the eruptive scenarios of the most recent activity at the Colli Albani Volcanic District, Central Italy. Quaternary International 171-172: 160-178, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.013.
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