Options
Sand volcanoes induced by the April 6th 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake: a case study from the Fossa area
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
3/131(2012)
Publisher
Societa' Geologica Italiana
Pages (printed)
410-422
Issued date
2012
Keywords
Abstract
This paper presents the study of some liquefaction features occurred near the Fossa village due to the April 6, 2009, Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake (Central Italy). Our investigation is based on trenching and coring campaigns as well as sedimentological analyses and datings. The geometrical elements of the sand volcanoes on the surface, of the dike used to rise up and of the probable sandy source at depth are presented. A sandy pockets level found at less than 1 m of depth, interpreted as possible evidence for a paleo-liquefaction event is discussed. Sedimentologic and morphoscopic analyses both provided the necessary elements and parameters to link the ca. 4 m deep sandy layers to the 2009 sand blows on the ground surface as well as to the paleo-liquefaction layer and defined the main characteristics of the deposits sealing the sands that experience liquefaction at depth.
Finally a tentative correlation between the paleo-liquefaction layer and the 1461 AD or the 1703 AD local earthquakes is suggested based on the available age constraints.
Finally a tentative correlation between the paleo-liquefaction layer and the 1461 AD or the 1703 AD local earthquakes is suggested based on the available age constraints.
References
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AYDAN Ö., KUMSAR H., TOPRAK S. & BARLA G. (2009) - Characteristics of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake with an emphasis on earthquake prediction and geotechnical damage. Journal of the School of Marine Sciences and Technology, Tokai University, 7, 3, 23-51.
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GALADINI F. & GALLI P. (2000) - Active tectonics in the Central Apennines (Italy) - input data for Seismic Hazard Assessment. Natural Hazards, 22, 225–270.
GALADINI F., GALLI P. & MORO M. (2003) - Paleoseismology of silent faults in the Central Apennines (Italy): the Campo Imperatore Fault (Gran Sasso Range Fault System). Ann. Geophys., 46, 793–813.
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GALLI P. & MELONI, F. (1993) – Nuovo catalogo nazionale dei processi di liquefazione avvenuti in occasione dei terremoti storici in Italia. Il Quaternario, 6, 271–292.
GALLI P., GALADINI F., MORO M. & GIRAUDI C. (2002) - New paleoseismological data from the Gran Sasso d’Italia area (central Apennines). Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 38.1–38.4. DOI: 10.1029/ 2001GL013292.
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PINO A. & DI LUCCIO F. (2009) - Source complexity of the 6 April 2009 L’Aquila (central Italy) earthquake and its strongest aftershock revealed by elementary seismological analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23305, DOI: 10.1029/2009GL041331.
PONDRELLI S., SALIMBENI S., MORELLI A., EKSTRÖM G., OLIVIERI M. & BOSCHI E. (2010) - Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), earthquake sequence. Geophys. J. Int., 180, 238-242. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04418.x.
PORFIDO S., ESPOSITO E., VITTORI E., TRANFAGLIA G., MICHETTI A.M., BLUMETTI M., FERRELI L., GUERRIERI L. & SERVA L. (2002) - Areal distribution of ground effects induced by strong earthquakes in the Southern Apennines, (ITALY). Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 529–562.
REIMER, P. J., & 27 coauthors (2009) - IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration
curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150.
SALVI S., CINTI F.R., COLINI L., D’ADDEZIO G., DOUMAZ F. & PETTINELLI E. (2003) -Investigation of the active Celano–L’Aquila fault system, Abruzzi. Geophys. J. Int., 155, 805–818.
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TERTULLIANI A., ROSSI A., CUCCI L. & VECCHI M. (2009) - L'Aquila (Central Italy) earthquakes: the predecessors of the April 6, 2009 event. Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 1008-1013, DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.80.6.1008.
TERTULLIANI A. & CUCCI L. (2009) - Clues to the identification of a seismogenic source from environmental effects: the case of the 1905 Calabria (Southern Italy) earthquake. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1787-1803
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ATZORI, S., HUNSTAD, I., CHINI, M., SALVI, S., TOLOMEI, C., BIGNAMI, C., STRAMONDO, S., TRASATTI, E., ANTONIOLI, A. & BOSCHI E. (2009) - Finite fault inversion of DInSAR coseismic displacement of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (central Italy). Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15305, DOI:10.1029/2009GL039293.
AYDAN Ö.¸ ULUSAY R. & ATAK V.O. (2008) - Evaluation of ground deformations induced by the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake (Turkey) at selected sites on shorelines. Environ. Geol., 54, 165–182 DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0803-x
AYDAN Ö., KUMSAR H., TOPRAK S. & BARLA G. (2009) - Characteristics of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake with an emphasis on earthquake prediction and geotechnical damage. Journal of the School of Marine Sciences and Technology, Tokai University, 7, 3, 23-51.
BERGAMASCHI F., CULTRERA G., LUZI L., AZZARA R. M., AMERI G., AUGLIERA P., BORDONI P., CARA F., COGLIANO R., D’ALEMA E. et alii (2011) - Evaluation of site effects in the Aterno river valley (Central Italy) from aftershocks of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9, 3, 697-715, DOI: 10.1007/s10518-011-9245-7.
BONCIO P., PIZZI A., BROZZETTI F., POMPOSO G., LAVECCHIA G., DI NACCIO D. & FERRARINI F. (2010) - Coseismic ground deformation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy, Mw6.3. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06308, DOI: 10.1029/2010GL042807.
CHIARABBA C., AMATO A., ANSELMI A., BACCHESCHI P., BIANCHI I., CATTANEO M., CECERE G., CHIARALUCE L., CIACCIO M.G., DE GORI P., DE LUCA G., DI BONA M., DI STEFANO R., FAENZA L., GOVONI A., IMPROTA L., LUCENTE F.P., MARCHETTI A., MARGHERITI L., MELE F., MICHELINI A., MONACHESI G., MORETTI M., PASTORI M., PIANA AGOSTINETTI N., PICCININI D., ROSELLI P., SECCIA D. & VALOROSO L. (2009) - The 2009 L’Aquila (central Italy) Mw6.3 earthquake: main shock and aftershocks. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18308, DOI: 10.1029/2009GL039627.
CINTI F.R., FAENZA L., MARZOCCHI W. & MONTONE P. (2004) - Probability map of the next large earthquakes in Italy. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q11003, DOI: 10.1029/2004GC000724.
CINTI, F.R., PANTOSTI, D., DE MARTINI, P.M., PUCCI, S., CIVICO, R., PIERDOMINICI, S., CUCCI, L., BRUNORI, C.A., PINZI, S. & PATERA A. (2011) - Evidence for surface faulting events along the Paganica Fault prior to the April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Central Italy). In press on Journal of Geophysical Research.
CIRELLA A., PIATANESI A., COCCO M., TINTI E., SCOGNAMIGLIO L., MICHELINI A., LOMAX A. & BOSCHI E. (2009) - Rupture history of the 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake from non-linear joint inversion of strong motion and GPS data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19304, DOI: 10.1029/2009GL039795.
CPTI Working Group (2004) - Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione 2004 (CPTI04). INGV, Bologna, http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI04/.
CUCCI L. & TERTULLIANI A. Clues for a relation between rotational effects induced by the 2009 Mw6.3 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake and site and source effects. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101, 3, 1109-1120, DOI: 10.1785/0120100264.
ELGAMAL A-W., ZEGHAL M., & PARRA E. (1996) - Liquefaction of Reclaimed Island in Kobe, Japan . Geotech. Engrg. 122, 39; DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410
EMERGEO Working Group (2010) - Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy). Terra Nova 22, 43–51, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00915.x.
FALCUCCI E., GORI S., PERONACE E., FUBELLI G., MORO M., SAROLI M., GIACCIO B., MESSINA P., NASO G., SCARDIA G., SPOSATO A., VOLTAGGIO M., GALLI P. & GALADINI F. (2009) - The Paganica Fault and surface coseismic ruptures caused by the 6 April 2009 earthquake (L'Aquila, central Italy), Seism. Res. Lett., 80, 6, 940-950.
FOGLIO CARG 1:50,000, (2009) - Cartografia geologica ufficiale Foglio CARG 1:50,000 N. 359, L’Aquila.
FOLK R.L. & WARD W.C. (1957) - Brazos river bar: a study in the significance of grain-size parameters. J. Sediment. Petrol, 27, 3-26.
GALADINI F., GALLI P. & GIRAUDI C. (1995) – Individuazione ed analisi di deformazioni geologiche associate a liquefazioni indotte da terremoti. Geologia Applicata e Idrogeologia, 30, 45–58.
GALADINI F. & GALLI P. (2000) - Active tectonics in the Central Apennines (Italy) - input data for Seismic Hazard Assessment. Natural Hazards, 22, 225–270.
GALADINI F., GALLI P. & MORO M. (2003) - Paleoseismology of silent faults in the Central Apennines (Italy): the Campo Imperatore Fault (Gran Sasso Range Fault System). Ann. Geophys., 46, 793–813.
GALLI P. (2000) - New empirical relationships between magnitude and distance for liquefaction. Tectonophysics, 324, 169-187.
GALLI P. & MELONI, F. (1993) – Nuovo catalogo nazionale dei processi di liquefazione avvenuti in occasione dei terremoti storici in Italia. Il Quaternario, 6, 271–292.
GALLI P., GALADINI F., MORO M. & GIRAUDI C. (2002) - New paleoseismological data from the Gran Sasso d’Italia area (central Apennines). Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 38.1–38.4. DOI: 10.1029/ 2001GL013292.
GALLI P., CAMASSI R., AZZARO R., BERNARDINI F., CASTENETTO S., MOLIN D., PERONACE E., ROSSI A., VECCHI M. & TERTULLIANI A. (2009) - Terremoto de L’Aquila del 6 aprile 2009: distribuzione delle intensità macrosismiche ed implicazioni sismotettoniche. Il Quaternario, 22, 235-246.
GALLI P., GIACCIO B., & MESSINA P. (2010) - The 2009 central Italy earthquake seen through 0.5 Myr-long tectonic history of the L’Aquila faults system. Quater. Sci. Rev., 29, 3768-3789. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.08.018.
GRUPPO DI LAVORO MPS (2004) - Redazione della mappa di pericolosità sismica prevista dall’ordinanza PCM 3274 del 20 Marzo 2003. Rapporto Conclusivo per il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, INGV, Milano-Roma, aprile 2004, 65 pp + 5 appendici.
KOKUSHO T. (2007) - Liquefaction strengths of poorly-graded and well-graded granular soils investigated by lab tests. In: K.D. Pitilakis (ed.), Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Dordrecht: Springer.
MARIUCCI M. T., MONTONE P. & PIERDOMINICI S. (2010) - Present-day stress in the surroundings of 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence (Italy). Geophysical Journal International, 182: 1096–1102. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04679.x
MONACO P., SANTUCCI de MAGISTRIS F., GRASSO S., MARCHETTI S., MAUGERI,M. & TOTANI G. (2011) - Analysis of the liquefaction phenomena in the village of Vittorito (L’Aquila) Bull Earthquake Eng (2011), 9, 231–261. DOI 10.1007/s10518-010-9228-0
OBERMEIR S.F., (1989) - The new Madrid earthquakes: An engineering-geologic interpretation of relic liquefaction features. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1336-B, 114.
PACE B., PERUZZA L., LAVECCHIA G., & BONCIO P. (2006) - Layered seismogenic source model and probabilistic seismic-hazard analyses in central Italy. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 96, 107-132, DOI:,10.1785/0120060050.
PAPANIKOLAOU I.D., FOUMELIS M., PARCHARIDIS I., LEKKAS E.L., & FOUNTOULIS I.G. (2010) - Deformation patern of the 6 and 7 April 2009, Mw=6.3 and Mw=5.6 earthquakes in L’Aquila (Central Italy) revealed by ground and space based observations. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 73-87.
PANTOSTI D., D’ADDEZIO G. & CINTI F.R. (1996) - Paleoseismicity of the Ovindoli-Pezza fault, central Apennines, Italy: a history including a large, previously unrecorded earthquake in the Middle Ages (860–1300 A.D.). J. Geophys. Res., 101, (B3) 5937–5959.
PINO A. & DI LUCCIO F. (2009) - Source complexity of the 6 April 2009 L’Aquila (central Italy) earthquake and its strongest aftershock revealed by elementary seismological analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23305, DOI: 10.1029/2009GL041331.
PONDRELLI S., SALIMBENI S., MORELLI A., EKSTRÖM G., OLIVIERI M. & BOSCHI E. (2010) - Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), earthquake sequence. Geophys. J. Int., 180, 238-242. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04418.x.
PORFIDO S., ESPOSITO E., VITTORI E., TRANFAGLIA G., MICHETTI A.M., BLUMETTI M., FERRELI L., GUERRIERI L. & SERVA L. (2002) - Areal distribution of ground effects induced by strong earthquakes in the Southern Apennines, (ITALY). Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 529–562.
REIMER, P. J., & 27 coauthors (2009) - IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration
curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150.
SALVI S., CINTI F.R., COLINI L., D’ADDEZIO G., DOUMAZ F. & PETTINELLI E. (2003) -Investigation of the active Celano–L’Aquila fault system, Abruzzi. Geophys. J. Int., 155, 805–818.
SEED H.B. (1968) - Landslides during earthquakes due to soil liquefaction. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 94, 1055–1122.
SEED H.B., & IDRISS I.M. (1967) - Analysis of soil liquefaction: Niigata earthquake. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 93, 83–108.
STUIVER M., & REIMER P. J., (1993) - Extended 14C database and revised CALIB radiocarbon calibration program, Radiocarbon, 35, 215-230.
TERTULLIANI A., ROSSI A., CUCCI L. & VECCHI M. (2009) - L'Aquila (Central Italy) earthquakes: the predecessors of the April 6, 2009 event. Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 1008-1013, DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.80.6.1008.
TERTULLIANI A. & CUCCI L. (2009) - Clues to the identification of a seismogenic source from environmental effects: the case of the 1905 Calabria (Southern Italy) earthquake. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1787-1803
TUTTLE M.P. & SCHWEIG E.S. (1996) - Recognizing and dating prehistoric liquefaction features: Lessons learned in the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6171–6178.
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