Magma reservoir growth and ground deformation preceding the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius

The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius is the first documented Plinian eruption, also famous for the
archaeological ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Although much is known regarding the
eruption dynamics and magma reservoir, little is known about the reservoir shape and
growth, and related ground deformation. Numerical modelling by Finite Element Method was
carried out, aimed at simulating the reservoir growth and ground deformation with respect to
the reservoir shape (prolate, spherical, oblate) and magma overpressure. The modelling was
tuned with volcanological, petrological and paleoenvironmental ground deformation con straints. Results indicate that the highest magma overpressure is achieved considering a
prolate reservoir, making it as the most likely shape that led to eruption. Similar deformations
but lower overpressures are obtained considering spherical and oblate reservoirs. These
results demonstrate that ground deformation may not be indicative of eruption probability,
style/size, and this has direct implications on surveillance at active explosive volcanoes

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