Education for life or life-long education?

Historically, people learned skills that lasted for their lifetime. This was «education for life». In the modern technical
and scientific world, things change so rapidly that a professional must continuously learn new material. This is
«life-long education». Technological advances require signifi cant changes the electrical engineering curriculum.
Studies of vacuum tubes and transformers have given way to studies of control theory, VSLI chips, semiconductor
technology and lasers. An electrical engineer can not expect to master all aspects of the field within four or even
eight years of study. Continuing education has become part of an engineering career.