A New Radar‐Based Statistical Model to Quantify Mass Eruption Rate of Volcanic Plumes

Accurate forecasting of volcanic particle (tephra) dispersal and fallout requires a reliable
estimation of key Eruption Source Parameters (ESPs) such as the Mass Eruption Rate (Q M). QM is usually
estimated from the Top Plume Height (HTP) using empirical and analytical models. For the first time, we
combine estimates of HTP and QM derived from the same sensor (radar) with mean wind velocity values (vW) for
lava-fountain fed tephra plumes associated with 32 paroxysms of Mt. Etna (Italy) to develop a new statistical
model based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach for model parameter estimation. This model is
especially designed for application to radar data to quickly infer QM from observed HTP and vW, and estimate the
associated uncertainty. It can be easily applied and adjusted to data retrieved by radars worldwide, improving
our capacity to quickly estimate QM and related uncertainties required for the tephra dispersal hazard.