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Barale, G.
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- PublicationRestrictedThe cuticle micromorphology of in situ Erica arborea L. exposed to long-term volcanic gases(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bartiromo, A.; Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” Napoli;Université de Lyon; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne; CNRS, UMR 5276 Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France; ;Guignard, G.; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne; CNRS, UMR 5276 Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l’Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Lyon, France ;Barone Lumaga, M. R.; Orto Botanico, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Foria, 223, 80139, Napoli, Italy ;Barattolo, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Largo San Marcellino, 10, 80138, Napoli, Italy ;Chiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Avino, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Guerriero, G.; Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone, 8, 80134, Napoli, Italy ;Barale, G.; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne; CNRS, UMR 5276 Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l’Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Lyon, France; ; ; ; ; ; ; Epidermis micromorphology of in situ Erica arborea L. exposed for generations to long-term effect of volcanic gases in Pisciarelli and Solfatara di Pozzuoli areas have been studied by X-ray analyses, SEM and TEM observations. In particular, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of volcanic gases on extant and possibly fossil plants. Plants of the same species living in a nearby control site were also studied for comparison. SEM coupled with EDX analysis was used to localize different elements within the leaves (mesophyll, cell wall and cuticle). After conventional and cryo preparation, SEM of mature leaves ascertained that the abaxial side is more serrate in fumigated leaves and hairs, epicuticular wax alterations have also been noted. Leaves experiencing chronic fumigation display stomata more sunken with respect to the epidermal surface. TEM of transverse and longitudinal sections of cuticle showed an outer A2 granular amorphous layer and external to a B1 fibrillous layer. Significant statistical variations of ultrastructural components of the cuticle revealed a response of E. arborea to this extreme environment. At the ultrastructural level, significant variations in thickness of the cell wall plus cuticle, cell wall and A2 layer among fumigated and non-fumigated leaves have been found. In the studied localities a positive correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and the thickness of A2 layer also exists. The results are of interest being applicable in the understanding of plant cuticle responses during periods of normal vs. volcanic activity.471 91 - PublicationRestrictedInfluence of volcanic gases on the epidermis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy: A possible tool for detecting volcanism in present and past floras(2012)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bartiromo, A.; Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” ; Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l'Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, France Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, ;Guignard, G.; Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l'Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, France ;Barone Lumaga, M. R.; Orto Botanico, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Foria, 223, 80139 Napoli, Italy ;Barattolo, L.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Largo San Marcellino, 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy ;Chiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Avino, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Guerriero, G.; Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” ;Barale, G.; Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon. Herbiers de l'Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, France; ; ; ; ; ; ; Cuticle micromorphology together with epidermal and epistomatal wax, in both current- and first-year-old needles of conifer Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) trees growing under volcanic gas fumigation was analysed in Pisciarelli area, Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy. As a control, current- and first-year-old needles growing far from volcanic gas emission were also sampled. Using a multidisciplinary approach with SEM, TEM and X-ray, volcanic gases were shown to cause degradation on epicuticular and epistomatal waxes. Significant statistical variations of ultrastructural components of the cuticle, with 30 measurements, including total thickness of the cuticle, and details and proportions of all different layers, and use of confidence interval, revealed a high degree of sensitivity of Aleppo pine to this extreme environment. In the present study, non-significant thickness variations of the cell wall plus cuticle among current- and first-year-old needles of both fumigated and non fumigated trees have been found. However, at the ultrastructural level, significant variations in cell wall and total cuticle thickness, especially within the three zones of B1 fibrillar layer, revealed different equilibria for each of the four types of material. Using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, no sulphur was found in either cuticle or epidermal cells, but the presence of H2S in the fumarole gas is suspected to cause indirect and/or direct cuticle alterations of wax structure. Ultrastructural characters of plant cuticles related to emission of volcanic gases during the geological past are also discussed. Among these considerations, an identification key enabling distinction between non fumigated and fumigated materials with 9 characters, provides a good tool detecting the influence of volcanism for extant and fossil plants.324 22