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Spataro, W.
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Spataro, W.
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- PublicationOpen AccessThe Catania 1669 lava eruptive crisis: simulation of a new possible eruption(2001-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Crisci, G. M.; Department of Earth Sciences,University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Di Gregorio, S.; Department of Mathematics,University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Rongo, R.; Department of Earth Sciences,University of Calabria, Arcavacata, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Scarpelli, M.; Department of Earth Sciences,University of Calabria, Arcavacata, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Spataro, W.; Department of Mathematics,University of Calabria, Arcavacata, ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; SCIARA (Smart Cellular Interactive Automata for modeling the Rheology of Aetnean lava flows, to be read as “shea’rah”), our first two-dimensional Cellular Automata model for the simulation of lava flows, was tested and validated with success on several lava events like the 1986/87 Etnean eruption and the last phase of the 1991/93 Etnean one. Real and simulated events are satisfying within limits to forecast the surface covered by the lava flow. Moreover, improved versions have been adopted in testing other real lava flows of Mount Etna and of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). The model has been applied with success in the determination of risk zones in the inhabited areas of Nicolosi, Pedara, S. Alfio and Zafferana (Sicily). The main goal of the present work has been the verification of the effects, in volcanic risk terms, in the Etnean area from Nicolosi to Catania, of a eruptive crisis similar to the event that occurred in 1669, as if the episode would happen nowadays. Catania has been severely interested in some major Etnean events in history, the most famous one being, namely, the 1669 eruption, involving 1 km3 of lava during 130 days. The simulation of lava tubes and the usage of different histories within the experiments have been crucial in the determination of a new risk area for Catania. In fact, simulations carried out without the introduction of lava tubes, never involved the city, proving the fact that lava tubes, played a fundamental role in the 1669 Catania lava crisis.238 168 - PublicationOpen AccessDefining high-detail hazard maps by a cellular automata approach: application to Mount Etna (Italy)(2011-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Rongo, R.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Avolio, M. A.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Matematica, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;D'Ambrosio, D.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Matematica, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Di Gregorio, S.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Matematica, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Lupiano, V.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Spataro, W.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Matematica, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy ;Crisci, G. M.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The individuation of areas that are more likely to be affected by new events in volcanic regions is of fundamental relevance for the mitigation of the possible consequences, both in terms of loss of human life and material properties. Here, we describe a methodology for defining flexible high-detail lava-hazard maps and a technique for the validation of the results obtained. The methodology relies on: (i) an accurate analysis of the past behavior of the volcano; (ii) a new version of the SCIARA model for lava-flow simulation (based on the macroscopic cellular automata paradigm); and (iii) high-performance parallel computing for increasing computational efficiency. The new release of the SCIARA model introduces a Bingham-like rheology as part of the minimization algorithm of the differences for the determination of outflows from a generic cell, and an improved approach to lava cooling. The method is here applied to Mount Etna, the most active volcano in Europe, and applications to landuse planning and hazard mitigation are presented.1501 243 - PublicationRestrictedRevisiting the 1669 Etnean eruptive crisis using a cellular automata model and implications for volcanic hazard in the Catania area(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Crisci, G. M.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Di Gregorio, S.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Rongo, R.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Scarpelli, M.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Spataro, W.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, Arcavacata ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; Cellular Automata provide an alternative approach to standard numerical methods for modelling some complex natural systems, the behaviour of which can be described in terms of local interactions of their constituent parts. SCIARA is a 2-D Cellular Automata model which simulates lava flows. It was tested on, validated by, and improved on several Etnean lava events such as the 1986^1987 eruption and the first and last phase of the 1991^1993 event. With respect to forecasting the surface covered by the lava flows, the best results were acceptable. The model has been used to determine hazard zones in the inhabited areas of Nicolosi, Pedara, S. Alfio and Zafferana (Sicily, Italy). The main goal of the current work in the Etnean area from Nicolosi to Catania has been the verification of the volcanic hazard effects of an eruptive crisis similar to the event that occurred in 1669. The simulation uses the volcanic data of the 1669 eruption with present-day morphology. Catania has been affected by some historical Etnean events, the most famous one being the 1669 eruption, involving 1 km3 of lava erupted over the course of 120 days. The simulation of ephemeral vents and the use of different histories within the experiments have been crucial in the determination of a new hazard area for Catania. In fact, during the simulation the city was never affected without the introduction of ephemeral vents, proving the fact that lava tubes played a fundamental role in the 1669 Catania lava crisis.148 24 - PublicationRestrictedPredicting the impact of lava flows at Mount Etna, Italy(2010-04-28)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Crisci, G.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Avolio, M. V.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;D'Ambrosio, D.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Di Gregorio, S.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Lupiano, V.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Romgo, R.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Spataro, W.; High Performance Computing Centre, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Forecasting the time, nature, and impact of future eruptions is difficult at volcanoes such as Mount Etna, in Italy, where eruptions occur from the summit and on the flanks, affecting areas distant from each other. Nonetheless, the identification and quantification of areas at risk from new eruptions are fundamental for mitigating potential human casualties and material damage. Here, we present new results from the application of a methodology to define flexible high‐resolution lava invasion susceptibility maps based on a reliable computational model for simulating lava flows at Etna and on a validation procedure for assessing the correctness of susceptibility mapping in the study area. Furthermore, specific scenarios can be extracted at any time from the simulation database, for land use and civil defense planning in the long term, to quantify, in real time, the impact of an imminent eruption, and to assess the efficiency of protective measures.834 32 - PublicationRestrictedTesting a geographical information system for damage and evacuation assessment during an effusive volcanic crisis(2015-11-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Latutrie, B.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – CNRS – IRD, OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont Ferrand, France ;Andredakis, I.; Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy ;De Groeve, T.; Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy ;Harris, A.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – CNRS – IRD, OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont Ferrand, France ;Langlois, E.; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Appliquées au Massif Central, Université Blaise Pascal, 4 rue Ledru, 63057 Clermont-Ferrand, France ;van Wyk de Vries, B.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – CNRS – IRD, OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont Ferrand, France ;Saubin, E.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – CNRS – IRD, OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont Ferrand, France ;Bilotta, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cappello, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Crisci, G. M.; Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 – Rende (CS), Italy ;D'Ambrosio, D.; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 – Rende (CS), Italy ;Del Negro, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Fujita, E.; National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Tennodai 3-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan ;Iovine, G.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica, 87036 – Rende (CS), Italy ;Kelfoun, K.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal – CNRS – IRD, OPGC, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont Ferrand, France ;Rongo, R.; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 – Rende (CS), Italy ;Spataro, W.; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 – Rende (CS), Italy ;Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Coppola, D.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso, 35–10125 Torino, Italy ;Ganci, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Marchese, F.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Abientale C. da S. Loja, Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy ;Pergola, N.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Abientale C. da S. Loja, Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy ;Tramutoli, V.; Università della Basilicata, Scuola di Ingegneria Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Using two hypothetical effusive events in the Chaîne des Puys (Auvergne, France), we tested two geographical information systems (GISs) set up to allow loss assessment during an effusive crisis. The first was a local system that drew on all immediately available data for population, land use, communications, utility and building type. The second was an experimental add-on to the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) global warning system maintained by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) that draws information from open-access global data. After defining lava-flow model source terms (vent location, effusion rate, lava chemistry, temperature, crystallinity and vesicularity), we ran all available lava-flow emplacement models to produce a projection for the likelihood of impact for all pixels within the GIS. Next, inundation maps and damage reports for impacted zones were produced, with those produced by both the local system and by GDACS being in good agreement. The exercise identified several shortcomings of the systems, but also indicated that the generation of a GDACS-type global response system for effusive crises that uses rapid-response model projections for lava inundation driven by real-time satellite hotspot detection – and open-access datasets – is within the current capabilities of the community.278 57