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Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica. Taipei, Taiwan
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- PublicationRestrictedCUBIT and seismic wave propagation based upon the Spectral-Element Method: An advanced unstructured mesher for complex 3D geological media(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Casarotti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Stupazzini, M.; Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany ;Lee, S. J.; Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica. Taipei, Taiwan ;Komatitsch, D.; Laboratoire de Modlisation et d’Imagerie en Gosciences UMR 5212, Universit de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour., Pau, France ;Piersanti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Tromp, J.; Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Brewer, M. L.Marcum, D.Unstructured hexahedral mesh generation is a critical part of the model- ing process in the Spectral-Element Method (SEM). We present some ex- amples of seismic wave propagation in complex geological models, automati- cally meshed on a parallel machine based upon CUBIT (Sandia Laboratory, cubit.sandia.gov), an advanced 3D unstructured hexahedral mesh genera- tor that offers new opportunities for seismologist to design, assess, and improve the quality of a mesh in terms of both geometrical and numerical accuracy. The main goal is to provide useful tools for understanding seismic phenomena due to surface topography and subsurface structures such as low wave-speed sedimentary basins. Our examples cover several typical geophysical problems: 1) “layer-cake” volumes with high-resolution topography and complex solid- solid interfaces (such as the Campi Flegrei Caldera Area in Italy), and 2) models with an embedded sedimentary basin (such as the Taipei basin in Taiwan or the Grenoble Valley in France).236 31 - PublicationRestrictedVolcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards(2012-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lowe, J.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London ;Barton, N.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Blockley, S.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London ;Ramsey, C. B.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Cullen, V. L.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Davies, W.; Archaeology Department, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre ;Gamble, C.; Archaeology Department, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre ;Grant, K.; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, ;Hardiman, M.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Housley, R.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Lane, C. S.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Lee, S.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Lewis, M.; Palaeontology Department, Natural History Museum, London ;MacLeod, A.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Menzies, M. A.; gDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;Muller, W.; gDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;Pollard, M.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Price, C.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Roberts, A. P.; Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, ;Rohling, E. J.; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton ;Satow, C.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Smith, V. C.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Stringer, C. B.; Palaeontology Department, Natural History Museum, London ;Tomlinson, E. L.; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;White, D.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Albert, P.; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Arienzo, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Barker, G.; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge ;Boric, D.; Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, ;Carandente, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Civetta, L.; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università Federico II, 80126 Naples, ;Ferrier, C.; De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scienti!que, Université Bordeaux ;Guadelli, J. L.; De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scienti!que, Université Bordeaux ;Karkanas, P.; Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece, 116 36 Athens, Greece; ;Koumouzelis, M.; Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece, 116 36 Athens, Greece ;Muller, U.; Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ;Orsi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pross, J.; Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, ;Rosi, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa ;Shalamanov-KorobarKorobas, L.; National Institution Museum of Macedonia, ;Sirakov, N.; National Institute of Archaeology and Museum of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ;Tzedakis, P. C.; Department of Geography, University College London; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results con!rm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.310 27