Options
CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
5 results
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
- PublicationOpen AccessContinuous in-situ measurements of gases (H2, H2S, CH4, N2, O2, He and CO2) at the fumarole “Soffionissimo” (Solfatara volcano, Southern Italy).(2007-04)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Wiersberg, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Somma, R. ;Rocco, A. ;De Rosa, M. ;Zimmer, M. ;Quattrocchi, F. ;De Natale, G. ;De Natale, P.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;EGU General AssemblyTemperature measurements and gas extraction were done at the fumarole very close to the “Bocca Grande”. The temperature measurements were performed with a temperature probe (K-type thermocouple), which was let about 30 cm into the fumarole. For better comparison of temperature and gas data, the gas tube was directly connected with the temperature probe, to make sure that temperature measurement and gas extraction were carried out at the same place. After having adjusted a continuous gas flow with diaphragm pump and a needle valve, the gas was piped through a 10 m Teflon© tube for more than 40 hours. The gas phase primary consists of water gas, which was condensed in a trap, installed in a refrigerator. The amount of water in the trap was determined in regular intervals (every 3-4 hours). At the beginning of the monitoring experiment, the Teflon© tube was heated in order to avoid condensation of the water in the tube before getting trapped. Although the tube was not heated for the whole time of the experiment, it turns out that the amount of water, condensed in the water trap per hour, does not significantly change when the tube was not heated. Hence, the amount of water, condensing in the tube before getting trapped, seems negligible. The remaining, almost water-free gas phase was finally dried over Fe in a filter, and then continuously analysed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Balzers Omnistar) for the following components: H2, H2S, CH4, N2, O2, Ar, He, and CO2. To make sure that the final drying process does not influence the gas composition in particular for H2 and H2S, a comparison measurement was done without the filter, which only revealed somewhat higher water content. During the second half of the monitoring, additionally a laser-optical CO2 sensor was installed (not shown in the sketch). Gas samples were taken from the gas line for laboratory gas-chromatographic analysis.252 97 - PublicationOpen AccessNovel laser-based techniques for monitoring of volcanoes(2005)
; ; ; ; ; ;De Natale, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;De Natale, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Gagliardi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;Gianfrani, L.; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Seconda Università di Napoli, and INFM-Gruppo Coordinato Napoli 2, Caserta, Italy ;Rocco, A. S. D.; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; ; ; ; An overview of novel laser techniques suitable for volcanic monitoring, based on different kinds of infrared laser sources, is presented. Their main advantages and drawbacks are discussed focusing on the achievable sensitivity and precision levels in analysis of gaseous species. Some of the most recent experimental results obtained in laboratory development as well as in field tests of home-built laser spectrometers are reported. New perspectives in optical devices aimed at geochemical and geophysical applications are also considered.205 252 - PublicationRestrictedDesign and test of a laser-based optical-fiber Bragg-grating accelerometer for seismic applications(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Gagliardi, G.; CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, Comprensorio ‘A Olivetti’, Italy ;Salza, M.; CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, Comprensorio ‘A Olivetti’, Italy ;Ferraro, P.; CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, Comprensorio ‘A Olivetti’, Italy ;De Natale, P.; CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, Comprensorio ‘A Olivetti’, Italy ;Di Maio, A.; Ansaldo STS, Napoli, Italy ;Carlino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;De Natale, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Boschi, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; We report on a proof-of-principle work aimed at the development of fast-response fiber-optic accelerometers for seismic monitoring. The system is based on a semiconductor diode-laser source that interrogates a newly devised two-dimensional inertial sensor suitable for measurement of horizontal ground accelerations. Plane acceleration components of the sensor’s mass are detected by two fiber Bragg gratings anchored to its structure. Calibration and comparison with a commercial accelerometer are presented. A great potential, in terms of frequency response and sensitivity, is demonstrated in view of possible field applications in active seismic areas.403 49 - PublicationOpen AccessContinuous in situ measurements of volcanic gases with a diode-laser-based spectrometer: CO2 and H2O concentration and soil degassing at Vulcano (Aeolian islands: Italy)(2007)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;De Rosa, M.; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;Gagliardi, G.; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;Rocco, A.; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;Somma, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;De Natale, P.; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Sezione di Napoli, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ;De Natale, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; ; ; ; We report on a continuous-measurement campaign carried out in Vulcano (Aeolian islands, Sicily), devoted to the simultaneous monitoring of CO2 and H2O concentrations. The measurements were performed with an absorption spectrometer based on a semiconductor laser source emitting around a 2-μm wavelength. The emitted radiation was selectively absorbed by two molecular ro-vibrational transitions specific of the investigated species. Data for CO2 and H2O concentrations, and CO2soil diffusive flux using an accumulation chamber configuration, were collected at several interesting sampling points on the island (Porto Levante beach- PLB, Fossa Grande Crater - FOG- and Valley of Palizzi, PAL). CO2/H2O values, measured on the ground, are very similar (around 0.019 (± 0.006)) and comparable to the previous discrete detected values of 0.213 (Fumarole F5 -La Fossa crater rim) and 0.012 (Fumarole VFS - Baia Levante beach) obtained during the 1977-1993 heating phase of the crater fumaroles. In this work much more homogeneous values are found in different points of the three sites investigated. The field work, although carried out in a limited time window (25th-28th August 2004), pointed out the new apparatus is suitable for continuous gas monitoring of the two species and their ratios, which are important geochemical indicators of volcanic activity, for which other reliable continuous monitoring systems are not yet available.222 349 - PublicationRestrictedA diode-laser-based spectrometer for in-situ measurements of volcanic gases(2004)
; ; ; ; ; ;Rocco, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Comprensorio Olivetti ;De Natale, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;De Natale, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Comprensorio Olivetti ;Gagliardi, G.; Seconda Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ;Gianfrani, L.; Seconda Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali; ; ; ; We report the first results of the field operation of a novel, portable diode-laser spectrometer for gasconcentration measurements in volcanic areas. Remote detection of direct absorption line shapes was possible thanks to a telecomsingle-mode optical fiber that delivered radiation from a room-temperature distributed-feedback diode laser, emitting at 1.997 µm, to an open-path multiple-reflection cell, placed on gas effluxes. The system was deployed on two different active volcanoes in Italy, where simultaneous and continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2O concentrations has been demonstrated.297 70