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Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Via Ulpiano 11, 00193Roma, Italy
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- PublicationRestrictedGas hazard assessment in a densely inhabited area of Colli Albani Volcano (Cava dei Selci, Roma)(2003)
; ; ; ; ;Carapezza, M. L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Badalamenti, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Cavarra, L.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Via Ulpiano 11, 00193Roma, Italy ;Scalzo, A.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Via Ulpiano 11, 00193Roma, Italy; ; ; The northwestern flank of the Colli Albani, a Quaternary volcanic complex near Rome, is characterised by high CO2 values and Rn activities in the groundwater and by the presence of zones with strong emission of gas from the soil. The most significant of these zones is Cava dei Selci where many houses are located very near to the gas emission site. The emitted gas consists mainly of CO2 (up to 98 vol) with an appreciable content of H2S (0.8). The He and C isotopic composition indicates, as for all fluids associated with the Quaternary Roman and Tuscany volcanic provinces, the presence of an upper mantle component contaminated by crustal fluids associated with subducted sediments and carbonates. An advective CO2 flux of 37 tons/day has been estimated from the gas bubbles rising to the surface in a small drainage ditch and through a stagnant water pool, present in the rainy season in a topographically low central part of the area. A CO2 soil flux survey with an accumulation chamber, carried out in February-March 2000 over a 12 000 m2 surface with 242 measurement points, gave a total (mostly conductive) flux of 61 tons/day. CO2 soil flux values vary by four orders of magnitude over a 160-m distance and by one order of magnitude over several metres. A fixed network of 114 points over 6350 m2 has been installed in order to investigate temporal flux variations. Six surveys carried out from May 2000 to June 2001 have shown large variations of the total CO2 soil flux (8/25 tons/day). The strong emission of CO2 and H2S, which are gases denser than air, produces dangerous accumulations in low areas which have caused a series of lethal accidents to animals and one to a man. The gas hazard near the houses has been assessed by continuously monitoring the CO2 and H2S concentration in the air at 75 cm from the ground by means of two automatic stations. Certain environmental parameters (wind direction and speed; atm P, T, humidity and rainfall) were also continuously recorded. At both stations, H2S and CO2 exceeded by several times the recommended concentration thresholds. The highest CO2 and H2S values were recorded always with wind speeds less than 1.5 m/s, mostly in the night hours. Our results indicate that there is a severe gas hazard for people living near the gas emission site of Cava dei Selci, and appropriate precautionary and prevention measures have been recommended both to residents and local authorities.399 113 - PublicationOpen AccessTsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy(2021)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; Destructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.1187 102 - PublicationOpen AccessIsola di Vulcano - Carta dei sentieri(2006-07)
; ; ; ;Carapezza, Maria Luisa; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Rosi, Mauro; Università di Pisa ;Scalzo, Antonella; Dipartimento Protezione Civile; ; La carta rappresenta una semplice guida alla visita dei luoghi più interessanti dal punto di vista paesaggistico e vulcanologico e fornisce anche informazioni utili sulle norme di comportamento da tenere per evitare eventuali pericoli. La visita è organizzata su due itinerari diretti rispettivamente al cratere della Fossa (percorso A) e ai coni di Vulcanello (percorso B). Lungo gli itinerari sono indicate delle fermate (stop) in punti dove possono essere fatte osservazioni interessanti della geologia locale o che offrono panorami di ampia prospettiva.67 23 - PublicationOpen AccessMesimex 2006 - Discovering Vesuvius: an exhibition to improve risk education in the high volcanic risk area of Vesuvius(2007-04)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;De Lucia, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Postiglione, T; Dipartimento Protezione Civile Italiana ;Renzulli, S.; Dipartimento Protezione Civile Italiana ;Ricciardi, G. P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Russo, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scalzo, A.; Dipartimento Protezione Civile Italiana ;Strappaghetti, A.; Dipartimento Protezione Civile Italiana; ; ; ; ; ; In the framework of the Community Mechanism for Civil Protection, established by the Council Decision (2001/792/CE) of 23 October 2001, the European Commission has promoted training activities including Major Emergencies Simulation Exercises. The project called “Somma Vesuvius Mesimex- Major Emergency SIMulation Exercise” on volcanic risk has taken place in October 2006 and has been coordinated by the Italian Civil Protection Department. Mesimex’s scenario has dealt with the simulation of the Vesuvius reactivation, from the early warning phase up to the final evacuation of a sample of two thousand people from the area at risk, as established by the Emergency Plan. The exercise has been focused on the preparatory phase. One of the main goal of the exercise was “to spread information about volcanic hazards to schools and among the population, in order to make them aware with the National Emergency Plan for Vesuvius Area”.184 125 - PublicationRestrictedEarthen barriers to control lava £ows in the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ;Barberi, F.; Università Roma Tre ;Brondi, F.; Protezione Civile ;Carapezza, M. L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Cavarra, L.; Protezione Civile ;Murgia, C.; Protezione Civile; ; ; ; Preceded by four days of intense seismicity and marked ground deformation, a new eruption of Mt. Etna started on 17 July and lasted until 9 August 2001. It produced lava emission and strombolian and phreatomagmatic activity from four different main vents located on a complex fracture system extendingfrom the southeast summit cone for about 4.5 km southwards, from 3000 to 2100 m elevation (a.s.l.). The lava emitted from the lowest vent cut up an important road on the volcano and destroyed other rural roads and a few isolated country houses. Its front descended southwards to about 4 km distance from the villages of Nicolosi and Belpasso. A plan of intervention, including diversion and retainingbarriers and possibly lava flow interruption, was prepared but not activated because the flow front stopped as a consequence of a decrease in the effusion rate. Extensive interventions were carried out in order to protect some important tourist facilities of the Sapienza and Mts. Silvestri zones (1900 m elevation) from being destroyed by the lava emitted from vents located at 2700 m and 2550 m elevation. Thirteen earthen barriers (with a maximum length of 370 m, height of 10^12 m, base width of 15 m and volume of 25 000 m3) were built to divert the lava flow away from the facilities towards a path implyingconsiderably less damage. Most of the barriers were oriented diagonally (110^135‡) to the direction of the flow. They were made of loose material excavated nearby and worked very nicely, resistingthe thrust of the lava without any difficulty. After the interventions carried out on Mt. Etna in 1983 and in 1991^1992, those of 2001 confirm that earthen barriers can be very effective in controlling lava flows.264 60