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Finite-difference P wave travel time seismic tomography of the crust and uppermost mantle in the Italian region
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1/15 (2014)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
69-88
Issued date
January 2014
Alternative Location
Abstract
We present a 3-D P wave velocity model of the crust and shallowest mantle under the Italian region, that includes a revised Moho depth map, obtained by regional seismic travel time tomography. We invert 191,850 Pn and Pg wave arrival times from 6850 earthquakes that occurred within the region from 1988 to 2007, recorded by 264 permanent seismic stations. We adopt a high-resolution linear B-spline model representation, with 0.1 horizontal and 2 km vertical grid spacing, and an accurate finite-difference forward calculation scheme. Our nonlinear iterative inversion process uses the recent European reference 3-D crustal model EPcrust as a priori information. Our resulting model shows two arcs of relatively low velocity in the crust running along both the Alps and the Apennines, underlying the collision belts between plates. Beneath the Western Alps we detect the presence of the Ivrea body, denoted by a strong high P wave velocity anomaly. We also map the Moho discontinuity resulting from the inversion, imaged as the relatively sharp transition between crust and mantle, where P wave velocity steps up to values larger than 8 km/s. This simple condition yields an image quite in agreement with previous studies that use explicit representations for the discontinuity. We find a complex lithospheric structure characterized by shallower Moho close by the Tyrrhenian Sea, intermediate depth along the Adriatic coast, and deepest Moho under the two mountain belts.
References
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Benoit, M. H., M. Torpey, K. Liszewski, V. Levin, and J. Park (2011), P and S wave upper mantle seismic velocity struc- ture beneath the northern Apennines: New evidence for the end of subduction, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q06004, doi:10.1029/2010GC003428.
Bianchi, I., J. Park, N. Piana Agostinetti, and V. Levin (2010), Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic decomposition of receiver functions: An application to Northern Apen- nines, Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B12317, doi:10.1029/ 2009JB007061.
Bleibinhaus, F., and H. Gebrande (2005), Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps along the TRANSALP profile from wide- angle seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 414, 51–69, doi : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.028.
Carminati, E., and C. Doglioni (2012), Alps vs. Apennines: The paradigm of a tectonically asymmetric Earth, Earth Sci. Rev., 112, 67–96, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.004.
Chiarabba, C., and A. Amato (1996), Crustal velocity structure of the Apennines (Italy) from P-wave travel time tomogra- phy, Ann. Geophys., 39(6), 1133–1148, doi :10.4401/ ag-4042.
Christensen, N. I., and W. D. Mooney (1995), Seismic velocity structure and compositional of the continental crust: A global view, J. Geophys. Res., 100(B6), 9761–9788, doi: 10.1029/95JB00259.
Cimini, G., and P. De Gori (2001), Nonlinear P-wave tomogra- phy of subducted lithosphere beneath central-southern Apennines (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(23), 4387–4390, doi :10.1029/2001GL013546.
Diehl, T., S. Husen, E. Kissling, and N. Deichmann (2009), High-resolution 3-D P-wave model of the Alpine crust, Geo- phys. J. Int., 179(2), 1133–1147, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X. 2009.04331.x.
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Di Stefano, R., E. Kissling, C. Chiarabba, A. Amato, and D. Giardini (2009), Shallow subduction beneath Italy: Three- dimensional images of the Adriatic-European-Tyrrhenian lithosphere system based on high-quality P wave arrival times, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B05305, doi:10.1029/2008JB 005641.
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18
GUALTIERI ET AL.: P WAVE TOMOGRAPHY OF THE ITALIAN REGION 10.1002/2013GC004988
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Lippitsch, R., E. Kissling, and J. Ansorge (2003), Upper man- tle structure beneath the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 108(88), 2376, doi:10.1029/2002JB002016.
Lucente, F., C. Chiarabba, G. Cimini, and D. Giardini (1999), Tomographic constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 104(B9), 20,307– 20,327, doi:10.1029/1999JB900147.
Malinverno, A., and W. Ryan (1986), Extension in the Tyrrhe- nian Sea and shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lithosphere, Tectonics, 5(2), 227–245, doi:10.1029/TC005i002p00227.
Marani, M. P., and T. Trua (2002), Thermal constriction and slab tearing at the origin of a superinflated spreading ridge: Marsili volcano (Tyrrhenian Sea), J. Geophys. Res., 107(B9), 2188, doi:10.1029/2001JB000285.
Mele, G., and E. Sandvol (2003), Deep crustal roots beneath the northern Apennines inferred from teleseismic receiver functions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 211, 6978, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(03)00185-7.
Mele, G., A. Rovelli, D. Seber, T. M. Hearn, and M. Barazangi (1998), Compressional velocity structure and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Italy and surrounding regions, J. Geophys. Res., 103(B6), 12,529–12,543, doi :10.1029/ 98JB00596.
Molinari, I., and A. Morelli (2011), EPcrust: A reference crustal model for the European Plate, Geophys. J. Int., 185(1), 352–364, doi :10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04940.x.
Montuori, C., G. Cimini, and P. Favalli (2007), Teleseismic tomography of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: New results from seaflor and land recordings, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03311, doi :10.1029/2005JB004114.
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Benoit, M. H., M. Torpey, K. Liszewski, V. Levin, and J. Park (2011), P and S wave upper mantle seismic velocity struc- ture beneath the northern Apennines: New evidence for the end of subduction, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q06004, doi:10.1029/2010GC003428.
Bianchi, I., J. Park, N. Piana Agostinetti, and V. Levin (2010), Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic decomposition of receiver functions: An application to Northern Apen- nines, Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B12317, doi:10.1029/ 2009JB007061.
Bleibinhaus, F., and H. Gebrande (2005), Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps along the TRANSALP profile from wide- angle seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 414, 51–69, doi : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.028.
Carminati, E., and C. Doglioni (2012), Alps vs. Apennines: The paradigm of a tectonically asymmetric Earth, Earth Sci. Rev., 112, 67–96, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.004.
Chiarabba, C., and A. Amato (1996), Crustal velocity structure of the Apennines (Italy) from P-wave travel time tomogra- phy, Ann. Geophys., 39(6), 1133–1148, doi :10.4401/ ag-4042.
Christensen, N. I., and W. D. Mooney (1995), Seismic velocity structure and compositional of the continental crust: A global view, J. Geophys. Res., 100(B6), 9761–9788, doi: 10.1029/95JB00259.
Cimini, G., and P. De Gori (2001), Nonlinear P-wave tomogra- phy of subducted lithosphere beneath central-southern Apennines (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(23), 4387–4390, doi :10.1029/2001GL013546.
Diehl, T., S. Husen, E. Kissling, and N. Deichmann (2009), High-resolution 3-D P-wave model of the Alpine crust, Geo- phys. J. Int., 179(2), 1133–1147, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X. 2009.04331.x.
Di Stefano, R., C. Chiarabba, F. Lucente, and A. Amato (1999), Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in Italy from the inversion of P-wave arrival times: Geodynamic implica- tions, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 483–498, doi:10.1046/j.1365- 246x.1999.00952.x.
Di Stefano, R., E. Kissling, C. Chiarabba, A. Amato, and D. Giardini (2009), Shallow subduction beneath Italy: Three- dimensional images of the Adriatic-European-Tyrrhenian lithosphere system based on high-quality P wave arrival times, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B05305, doi:10.1029/2008JB 005641.
Di Stefano, R., I. Bianchi, M. G. Ciaccio, G. Carrara, and E. Kissling (2011), Three-dimensional Moho topography in Italy: New constraints from receiver functions and con- trolled source seismology, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q09006, doi:10.1029/2011GC003649.
Engdahl, E. R., R. Van Der Hilst, and R. Buland (1998), Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination, Bull. Seimol. Soc. Am., 88(3), 722–743.
Faccenna, C., C. Piromallo, A. Crespo-Blanc, L. Jolivet, and F. Rossetti (2004), Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs, Tectonics, 23, TC1012, doi: 10.1029/2002TC001488.
Gill, P. E., W. Murray, and M. H. Wright, (1982), Practical Optimization, 418 pp., Emerald Group Publ. Ltd, Academic Press, London.
Handy, M. R., S. M. Schmid, R. Bousquet, E. Kissling, and D. Bernoulli (2010), Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological-geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps, Earth Sci. Rev., 102, 121–158, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002.
Hung, S.-H., F. A. Dahlen, and G. Nolet (2001), Wavefront healing: A banana-doughnut perspective, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 289–312.
International Seismological Centre (2009), EHB Bulletin, Thatcham, U. K. [Available at http://www.isc.ac.uk.].
18
GUALTIERI ET AL.: P WAVE TOMOGRAPHY OF THE ITALIAN REGION 10.1002/2013GC004988
Kennett, B. L. N., E. R. Engdahl, and R. Buland (1995). Con- straints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108–124.
Kissling, E., S. M. Schmid, R. Lippitsch, J. Ansorge, and B. Fgenschuh (2006), Lithosphere structure and tectonic evolu- tion of the Alpine arc: New evidence from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, Geol. Soc. London Mem., 32, 129– 145, doi:10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.08.
Kummerow, J., R. Kinda, O. Oncken, P. Giese, T. Ryberg, K. Wylegalla, F. Scherbaum, and TRANSALP Working Group (2004), A natural and controlled source seismic profile through the Eastern Alps: TRANSALP, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 225(12), 115–129.
Lapidus, L., and G. F. Pinder (1982), Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering, John Wiley, New York.
Lev^eque, J. J., L. Rivera, and G. Wittlinger (1993), On the use of the checker-board test to assess the resolution of tomo- graphic inversions, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 313–318, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb05605.x.
Lippitsch, R., E. Kissling, and J. Ansorge (2003), Upper man- tle structure beneath the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 108(88), 2376, doi:10.1029/2002JB002016.
Lucente, F., C. Chiarabba, G. Cimini, and D. Giardini (1999), Tomographic constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 104(B9), 20,307– 20,327, doi:10.1029/1999JB900147.
Malinverno, A., and W. Ryan (1986), Extension in the Tyrrhe- nian Sea and shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lithosphere, Tectonics, 5(2), 227–245, doi:10.1029/TC005i002p00227.
Marani, M. P., and T. Trua (2002), Thermal constriction and slab tearing at the origin of a superinflated spreading ridge: Marsili volcano (Tyrrhenian Sea), J. Geophys. Res., 107(B9), 2188, doi:10.1029/2001JB000285.
Mele, G., and E. Sandvol (2003), Deep crustal roots beneath the northern Apennines inferred from teleseismic receiver functions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 211, 6978, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(03)00185-7.
Mele, G., A. Rovelli, D. Seber, T. M. Hearn, and M. Barazangi (1998), Compressional velocity structure and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Italy and surrounding regions, J. Geophys. Res., 103(B6), 12,529–12,543, doi :10.1029/ 98JB00596.
Molinari, I., and A. Morelli (2011), EPcrust: A reference crustal model for the European Plate, Geophys. J. Int., 185(1), 352–364, doi :10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04940.x.
Montuori, C., G. Cimini, and P. Favalli (2007), Teleseismic tomography of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: New results from seaflor and land recordings, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03311, doi :10.1029/2005JB004114.
Morelli, A., and A. Dziewonski (1993), Body wave travel- times and a spherically symmetric P- and S-wave velocity model, Geophys. J. Int., 112, 178–194, doi:10.1111/j.1365- 246X.1993.tb01448.x.
Nicolich, R. (2010), Geophysical investigation of the crust of the Upper Adriatic and neighbouring chains, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei, 21, suppl. 1, 1530, doi:10.1007/s12210-010-0099-8.
Nolet, G. (1987), Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography, in Seismic Tomography, edited by G. Nolet, pp. 1–23, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
Nolet, G., and F. A. Dahlen (2000), Wave front healing and the evolution of seismic delay times, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B8), 19,043–19,054.
Paige, C. C., and M. A. Saunders (1982a), LSQR: An algo- rithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares, ACM Trans. Math. Software, 8(1), 43–71.
Paige, C. C., and M. A. Saunders (1982b), LSQR: Sparse lin- ear equations and least squares problems, ACM Trans. Math. Software, 8(2), 195–209.
Papazachos, C. B., and G. Nolet (1997), Non-linear arrival time tomography, Ann. Geophys., 40(1), 85–97, doi: 10.4401/ag-3937.
Piana Agostinetti, N., and A. Amato (2009), Moho depth and Vp/vS ratio in peninsular Italy from teleseismic receiver func- tions, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B06303, doi:10.1029/2008 JB005899.
Piana Agostinetti, N., F. Lucente, G. Selvaggi, and M. Di Bona (2002), Crustal structure and Moho geometry beneath the Northern Apennines (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1999, doi:10.1029/2002GL015109.
Piana Agostinetti, N., V. Levin, and J. Park (2008), Crustal structure above a retreating trench: Receiver function study of the northern Apennines orogen, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 275, 211–220, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.02.
Piccinini, D., M. Di Bona, F. P. Lucente, V. Levin, and J. Park (2010), Seismic attenuation and mantle wedge temperature in the northern Apennines subduction zone (Italy) from tele- seismic body wave spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B09309, doi :10.1029/2009JB007180.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli (1997), Imaging the Mediterra- nean upper mantle by P-wave travel time tomography, Ann. Geophys, 40(4), 963–979, doi:10.4401/ag-3890.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli (2003), P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2065, doi :10.1029/2002JB001757.
Podvin, P., and I. Lecomte (1991), Finite difference computa- tion of traveltimes in very contrasted velocity models: A massively parallel approach and its associated tools, Geo- phys. J. Int., 105, 271–284, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991. tb03461.x.
Serretti, P., and A. Morelli (2011), Seismic rays and traveltime tomography of strongly heterogeneous mantle structure: Application to the Central Mediterranean, Geophys. J. Int., 187(3), 1708–1724, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011. 05242.x.
Schmid,S.,B.F€ugenschuh,E.Kissling,andR.Schuster (2005), Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 97, 93–117, doi:10.1007/ s00015-004-1113-x.
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