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Major effusive eruptions and recent lava fountains : Balance between expected and erupted magma volumes at Etna volcano
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/40 (2013)
ISSN
0094-8276
Electronic ISSN
1944-8007
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
6069–6073
Issued date
November 24, 2013
Abstract
Over the last four decades Etna has shown a high output rate through numerous eruptions. The volcano has displayed two eruptive behaviors. The first is characterized by effusive eruptions that efficiently drained the storage system and emitted large volumes of magma, the second behavior is related to lava fountains, erupting small magma batches, which are normally with high frequency and have been considered as precursors of major effusive eruptions. In this paper, we present an updated estimation of emitted volumes from Etna eruptions, which include the 38 lava fountain episodes that occurred from January 2011 to April 2013. These recent explosive episodes have been frequent, discharging significant magma volumes. Observing the steady trend of magma output over time, we present insights on expected erupted volumes. We highlight that the January 2011 –April 2013 lava fountains, efficiently drained the intermediate-shallow storage system and favored a balance between the incoming and outgoing magma.
References
Allard, P., B. Behncke, S. D’Amico, M. Neri, and S. Gambino (2006), Mount Etna 1993–2005:
Anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle, Earth Sci. Rev., 78, 85–114,
doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.04.002.
Alparone, S., D. Andronico, L. Lodato, and T. Sgroi (2003), Relationship between tremor and
volcanic activity during the Southeast Crater eruption on Mount Etna in early 2000, J.
Geophys. Res., 108(B5), 2241, doi:10.1029/2002JB001866.
Andronico, D., S. Branca, S. Calvari, M.R. Burton, T. Caltabiano, R.A. Corsaro, P. Del Carlo, G.
Garfì, L. Lodato, L. Miraglia, F. Muré, M. Neri, E. Pecora, M. Pompilio, G. Salerno, and L.
Spampinato (2005), A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002-03 Etna eruption: insights for into
a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 314-330, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8.
Andronico, D., and R.A. Corsaro (2011), Lava fountains during the episodic eruption of South–East
Crater (Mt. Etna), 2000: insights into magma-gas dynamics within the shallow volcano
plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 73, 1165-1178, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0467-y.
Andronico, D., A. Cristaldi, and S. Scollo (2008), The 4–5 September 2007 lava fountain at South-
East Crater of Mt Etna, Italy, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 173, 325-328, doi:
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.004.
Behncke, B., and M. Neri (2003), The July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Sicily), Bull.
Volcanol., 65, 461–476, doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0274-1.
Behncke, B., S. Branca, A.R. Corsaro, E. De Beni, L. Miraglia, C. Proietti (2012), The 2011-12
summit activity of Etna : growth of the new SE crater and petrochemistry of the products,
Miscellanea INGV, ISSN 2039-665, n. 15, 24.
Bonaccorso, A., A. Bonforte, S. Calvari, C. Del Negro, G. Di Grazia, G. Ganci, M. Neri, A. Vicari,
and E. Boschi (2011a), The initial phases of the 2008–2009 Mount Etna eruption: A
multidisciplinary approach for hazard assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B03203, doi:10.1029/2010JB007906.
Bonaccorso A., T. Caltabiano, G. Currenti, C. Del Negro, S. Gambino, G. Ganci, S. Giammanco, F.
Greco, A. Pistorio, G. Salerno, S. Spampinato and E. Boschi (2011b), Dynamics of a lava
fountain revealed by geophysical, geochemical and thermal satellite measurements: the case
of the 10 April 2011 Mt Etna eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2011GL049637
Bonaccorso, A., S. Calvari, G. Currenti, C. Del Negro, G. Ganci, A. Linde, R. Napoli, S. Sacks, and
A. Sicali (2013a), From Source to Surface: Dynamics of Etna’s Lava Fountains Investigated
by Continuous Strain, Magnetic, Ground and Satellite Thermal Data, Bull. Volcanol., 75, 690,
doi:10.1007/s00445-013-0690-9.
Bonaccorso, A., G. Currenti, A. Linde, S. Sacks (2013b), New data from borehole strainmeters to
infer lava fountain sources (Etna 2011-2012), Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1-6,
doi:10.102/grl50692.
Calvari, S., and the whole scientific staff of INGV – Sezione di Catania (2001), Multidisciplinary
Approach Yields Insight into Mt. Etna 2001 Eruption, EOS Transactions, AGU, 82, 52, 653-
656.
Calvari, S., M. Coltelli, M. Neri, M. Pompilio, and V. Scribano (1994), The 1991-93 Etna eruption:
chronology and lava flow field evolution, Acta Vulcanol., 4, 1-14.
Calvari, S., M. Neri, and H. Pinkerton (2003), Effusion rate estimations during the 1999 summit
eruption on Mt. Etna, and growth of two distinct lava flow fields, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
119, 107-123, doi:S0377-0273(02)00308-6, ISSN0377-0273.
Calvari, S., G. G. Salerno, L. Spampinato, M. Gouhier, A. La Spina, E. Pecora, A. J. L. Harris, P.
Labazuy, E. Biale, and E. Boschi (2011), An unloading foam model to constrain Etna’s 11–13
January 2011 lava fountaining episode, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B11207,
doi:10.1029/2011JB008407.
Coltelli, M., C. Proietti, S. Branca, M. Marsella, D. Andronico, and L. Lodato (2007), Analysis of
the 2001 lava flow eruption of Mt. Etna from three-dimensional mapping. J. Geophys. Res.,
112, F02029, doi:10.1029/2006JF000598. Ganci, G., A. J. L. Harris, C. Del Negro, Y. Guéhenneux, A. Cappello, P. Labazuy, S. Calvari, and
M. Gouhier (2012), A year of lava fountaining at Etna: volumes from SEVIRI, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 39, L06305, doi:10.1029/2012GL051026.
Gouhier, M., A. J. L. Harris, S. Calvari, P. Labazuy, Y. Guéhenneux, F. Donnadieu, and S. Valade
(2012), Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI,
Bull. Volcanol., 74, 787–793, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0572-y.
Harris A.J.L., J. Dehn, and S. Calvari (2007), Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a
review. Bull. Volcanol., 70, 1–22, doi:10.1007/s00445-007-0120-y.
Harris, A. J. L., and M. Neri (2002), Volumetric observations during paroxysmal eruptions at
Mount Etna: pressurized drainage of a shallow chamber or pulsed supply? J. Volcanol. Geoth.
Res., 116, 79-95, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00212-3.
Harris, A.J.L., A. Steffke, S. Calvari, and L. Spampinato (2011), Thirty years of satellite-derived
lava discharge rates at Etna: Implications for steady volumetric output, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
B08204, doi: 10.1029/2011JB008237.
Harris, A.J.L., A. Steffke, S. Calvari, and L. Spampinato (2012), Correction to “Thirty years of
satellite-derived lava discharge rates at Etna: Implications for steady volumetric output”. J.
Geophys. Res., 117, B08207, doi:10.1029/2012JB009431.
Spera, F. (2000), Physical properties of magma, in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B., McNutt, B.,
Rymer, H., and Stix, J., eds, Encyclopedia of volcanoes, pp. 171-190, Academic Press, San
Diego, California
Stevens, N.F., J.B. Murray, and G. Wadge, (1997), The volume and shape of the 1991-1993 lava
flow field at Mount Etna, Sicily, Bull. Volcanol., 58, 449–454.
Tanguy, J.C., M. Condomines, M. Le Goff, V. Chillemi, S. La Delfa, and G. Patané (2007), Mount
Etna eruptions of the last 2,750 years: revised chronology and location through
archeomagnetic and 226Ra-230Th dating, Bull. Volcanol., 70, 55-83, doi: 10.1007/s00445-
007-0121-x.
Wadge, G., and J. E. Guest (1981), Steady-state magma discharge at Etna 1971–81, Nature, 294,548–550, doi:10.1038/294548a0.
Anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle, Earth Sci. Rev., 78, 85–114,
doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.04.002.
Alparone, S., D. Andronico, L. Lodato, and T. Sgroi (2003), Relationship between tremor and
volcanic activity during the Southeast Crater eruption on Mount Etna in early 2000, J.
Geophys. Res., 108(B5), 2241, doi:10.1029/2002JB001866.
Andronico, D., S. Branca, S. Calvari, M.R. Burton, T. Caltabiano, R.A. Corsaro, P. Del Carlo, G.
Garfì, L. Lodato, L. Miraglia, F. Muré, M. Neri, E. Pecora, M. Pompilio, G. Salerno, and L.
Spampinato (2005), A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002-03 Etna eruption: insights for into
a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 314-330, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8.
Andronico, D., and R.A. Corsaro (2011), Lava fountains during the episodic eruption of South–East
Crater (Mt. Etna), 2000: insights into magma-gas dynamics within the shallow volcano
plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 73, 1165-1178, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0467-y.
Andronico, D., A. Cristaldi, and S. Scollo (2008), The 4–5 September 2007 lava fountain at South-
East Crater of Mt Etna, Italy, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 173, 325-328, doi:
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.004.
Behncke, B., and M. Neri (2003), The July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Sicily), Bull.
Volcanol., 65, 461–476, doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0274-1.
Behncke, B., S. Branca, A.R. Corsaro, E. De Beni, L. Miraglia, C. Proietti (2012), The 2011-12
summit activity of Etna : growth of the new SE crater and petrochemistry of the products,
Miscellanea INGV, ISSN 2039-665, n. 15, 24.
Bonaccorso, A., A. Bonforte, S. Calvari, C. Del Negro, G. Di Grazia, G. Ganci, M. Neri, A. Vicari,
and E. Boschi (2011a), The initial phases of the 2008–2009 Mount Etna eruption: A
multidisciplinary approach for hazard assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B03203, doi:10.1029/2010JB007906.
Bonaccorso A., T. Caltabiano, G. Currenti, C. Del Negro, S. Gambino, G. Ganci, S. Giammanco, F.
Greco, A. Pistorio, G. Salerno, S. Spampinato and E. Boschi (2011b), Dynamics of a lava
fountain revealed by geophysical, geochemical and thermal satellite measurements: the case
of the 10 April 2011 Mt Etna eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2011GL049637
Bonaccorso, A., S. Calvari, G. Currenti, C. Del Negro, G. Ganci, A. Linde, R. Napoli, S. Sacks, and
A. Sicali (2013a), From Source to Surface: Dynamics of Etna’s Lava Fountains Investigated
by Continuous Strain, Magnetic, Ground and Satellite Thermal Data, Bull. Volcanol., 75, 690,
doi:10.1007/s00445-013-0690-9.
Bonaccorso, A., G. Currenti, A. Linde, S. Sacks (2013b), New data from borehole strainmeters to
infer lava fountain sources (Etna 2011-2012), Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1-6,
doi:10.102/grl50692.
Calvari, S., and the whole scientific staff of INGV – Sezione di Catania (2001), Multidisciplinary
Approach Yields Insight into Mt. Etna 2001 Eruption, EOS Transactions, AGU, 82, 52, 653-
656.
Calvari, S., M. Coltelli, M. Neri, M. Pompilio, and V. Scribano (1994), The 1991-93 Etna eruption:
chronology and lava flow field evolution, Acta Vulcanol., 4, 1-14.
Calvari, S., M. Neri, and H. Pinkerton (2003), Effusion rate estimations during the 1999 summit
eruption on Mt. Etna, and growth of two distinct lava flow fields, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
119, 107-123, doi:S0377-0273(02)00308-6, ISSN0377-0273.
Calvari, S., G. G. Salerno, L. Spampinato, M. Gouhier, A. La Spina, E. Pecora, A. J. L. Harris, P.
Labazuy, E. Biale, and E. Boschi (2011), An unloading foam model to constrain Etna’s 11–13
January 2011 lava fountaining episode, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B11207,
doi:10.1029/2011JB008407.
Coltelli, M., C. Proietti, S. Branca, M. Marsella, D. Andronico, and L. Lodato (2007), Analysis of
the 2001 lava flow eruption of Mt. Etna from three-dimensional mapping. J. Geophys. Res.,
112, F02029, doi:10.1029/2006JF000598. Ganci, G., A. J. L. Harris, C. Del Negro, Y. Guéhenneux, A. Cappello, P. Labazuy, S. Calvari, and
M. Gouhier (2012), A year of lava fountaining at Etna: volumes from SEVIRI, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 39, L06305, doi:10.1029/2012GL051026.
Gouhier, M., A. J. L. Harris, S. Calvari, P. Labazuy, Y. Guéhenneux, F. Donnadieu, and S. Valade
(2012), Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI,
Bull. Volcanol., 74, 787–793, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0572-y.
Harris A.J.L., J. Dehn, and S. Calvari (2007), Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a
review. Bull. Volcanol., 70, 1–22, doi:10.1007/s00445-007-0120-y.
Harris, A. J. L., and M. Neri (2002), Volumetric observations during paroxysmal eruptions at
Mount Etna: pressurized drainage of a shallow chamber or pulsed supply? J. Volcanol. Geoth.
Res., 116, 79-95, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00212-3.
Harris, A.J.L., A. Steffke, S. Calvari, and L. Spampinato (2011), Thirty years of satellite-derived
lava discharge rates at Etna: Implications for steady volumetric output, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
B08204, doi: 10.1029/2011JB008237.
Harris, A.J.L., A. Steffke, S. Calvari, and L. Spampinato (2012), Correction to “Thirty years of
satellite-derived lava discharge rates at Etna: Implications for steady volumetric output”. J.
Geophys. Res., 117, B08207, doi:10.1029/2012JB009431.
Spera, F. (2000), Physical properties of magma, in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B., McNutt, B.,
Rymer, H., and Stix, J., eds, Encyclopedia of volcanoes, pp. 171-190, Academic Press, San
Diego, California
Stevens, N.F., J.B. Murray, and G. Wadge, (1997), The volume and shape of the 1991-1993 lava
flow field at Mount Etna, Sicily, Bull. Volcanol., 58, 449–454.
Tanguy, J.C., M. Condomines, M. Le Goff, V. Chillemi, S. La Delfa, and G. Patané (2007), Mount
Etna eruptions of the last 2,750 years: revised chronology and location through
archeomagnetic and 226Ra-230Th dating, Bull. Volcanol., 70, 55-83, doi: 10.1007/s00445-
007-0121-x.
Wadge, G., and J. E. Guest (1981), Steady-state magma discharge at Etna 1971–81, Nature, 294,548–550, doi:10.1038/294548a0.
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