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The Other Side of the Coin: Geochemistry of Alkaline Lakes in Volcanic Areas
Other Titles
The Other Side of the Coin: Geochemistry of Alkaline Lakes in Volcanic Areas
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
Publisher
Springer
Status
Submitted
Refereed
Yes
Title of the book
Issued date
2012
Keywords
Abstract
Among surface waters, lakes in volcanic areas display the greatest range in pH values (from negative values up to about 12). The present chapter will be a short review of the main features of alkaline lakes, which belong to the high-pH part of this range. They are characterised by saline or hypersaline waters, pH values higher than 9 and high Na+, HCO3- and CO32- and low Ca2+ concentrations. Alkaline lakes are found in quiescent or recently extinct volcanic areas where neither water vapour nor acidic magmatic gases can reach surface waters. Their occurrence depends on peculiar climatic and geologic conditions that allow evaporative concentration of the water (potentially, evaporation much higher than water inputs and endorheic basins) and on geochemical factors that favour a chemical evolution towards an alkaline environment (composition of the dilute input waters characterised by a ratio between total dissolved inorganic carbon and earth-alkaline elements much higher than 1). Such initial composition, due to evaporative concentration, after the deposition of earth-alkaline carbonate minerals, will lead to the above-mentioned typical composition. Alkaline lakes also host microbial communities sometimes characterised by extremely high productivity. These microbial communities are scientifically remarkable because they comprise some interesting extremophiles, which can grow not only at very high pH and salinity conditions but also in the presence of elevated concentrations of toxic elements (e.g. As, Se, Te).
Type
book chapter
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Name
Rev2+1 corretto.doc
Size
137 KB
Format
Microsoft Word
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