Options
Active faulting and transpression tectonics along the plate boundary in North Africa
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
5/55 (2012)
Pages (printed)
955-967
Issued date
2012
Alternative Location
Keywords
Abstract
We present a synthesis of the active tectonics of the northern Atlas Mountains and suggest a kinematic model of transpression and block rotation that illustrates the mechanics of this section of the Africa - Eurasia plate boundary. Neotectonic structures and significant shallow seismicity (with Mw > 5.0) indicate that coeval east-west trending right-lateral faulting and NE-SW thrust-related folding, result from the oblique convergence at the plate boundary, and form a transpressional system. The strain distribution obtained from fault - fold structures and P axes of focal mechanism solutions, and the geodetic (NUVEL1 and GPS) convergence shows that shortening and convergence directions are not coaxial. The transpressional strain is partitioned along strike and the quantitative description of displacement field yields a compression to transcurrence ratio varying from 33% near Gibraltar, to 50% along the Tunisian Atlas. Shortening directions oriented NNE to NNW for the Pliocene and Quaternary, respectively, and the S shape of Quaternary anticline axes are in agreement with the 2.24° - 3.9 °/Myr modeled clockwise rotation of small tectonic blocks and paleomagnetic results. The convergence between Africa and Eurasia is absorbed along the Atlas Mountains, at the upper crustal level, by means of thrusting above decollement systems, controlled by subdued transcurrent faults. The Tell Atlas of NW Algeria that experienced numerous large earthquakes with respect to other regions is interpreted as a restraining bend that localizes strain distribution along the plate boundary.
References
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Ekström, G. and P. England, Seismic strain rates in regions of distributed continental deformation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10231-10257, 1989.
Ekström G, Dziewonski AM, Maternovskaya NN, Nettles M (2005a) Global seismicity of 2002: centroid-moment-tensor solutions for 1034 earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 148:303-326.
Ekström G, Dziewonski AM, Maternovskaya NN, Nettles M (2005b) Global seismicity of 2003: centroid-moment-tensor solutions for 1087 earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 148:327-351.
Faccenna, C., C. Piromallo, A. Crespo_Blanc, L. Jolivet, and F. Rossetti (2004), Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs, Tectonics 23, TC1012, doi:10.1029/2002TC001488.
Fernandes; R.M.S.; J.M. Miranda, B.M.L. Meijninger, M.S. Bos, R. Noomen, L. Bastos, B.A.C. Ambrosius, R.E.M. Riva, 2007, Surface velocity field of the Ibero-Maghrebian segment of the Eurasia-Nubia Plate boundary, Geophys. J. Int. 169 (1), 315-324.
Frizon de Lamotte, D., B. Saint Bezar, R. Bracene, and E. Mercier (2000), The two main steps of the Atlas building and geodynamics of the western Mediterranean, Tectonics 19, 740 – 761.
Grimison N. L. and Chen W., The Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary: focal mechanisms, depth of earthquakes and their tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 2029-2047, 1986.
Gomez, F., Beauchamp, W., Barazangi, M., 2000. Role of the Atlas Mountains (Northwest Africa) within the African-Eurasian plate-boundary zone. Geology 28, 775–778.
Jackson, J. and Mckenzie, D., 1988. The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East, Geophys. J. Int. 93, 45–73.
Jackson J. and Molnar P., Active faulting and block rotations in the western Transverses Ranges, California, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 22073-22087, 1990.
Jones, R. R., and P. W. G. Tanner, Strain partitioning in transpression zones, J. Struct. Geol. 17, 6, 793-802, 1995.
Kassem, J. (2004) : Etude sismotectonique et évaluation de l’Aléa sismique régional au Nord-Est de la Tunisie : apport de la sismique réflexion dans l’identification des sources sismogénique. Thèse de doctorat en géologie Université de Tunis, pp 168.
Kherroubi, A., Déverchère, J., Yelles, A., Mercier de Lépinay, B., Domzig, A., Cattaneo, A., Bracène, R., Gaullier, V., Graindorge, D., 2009, Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation, Marine Geology 261, 17–32.
Kostrov, V., Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes, and seismic flow of rock, Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Phys. Solid Earth, 1, 23-44, 1974.
Koulali, A., et al., New GPS constraints on active deformation along the Africa–Iberia plate boundary, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 308 (2011) 211–217.
Lamb S. H., A model for tectonic rotations about a vertical axis, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 84, 75-86, 1987.
Maouche, S, Meghraoui, M., Morhange C, and Belabbes, S., Bouhadad, Y., Haddoum, H., (2011), Active coastal thrusting and folding, and uplift rate of the Sahel Anticline and Zemmouri earthquake area (Tell Atlas, Algeria), Tectonophysics 509 (2011) 69–80.
McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., Ben Sari, D. and Tealeb, A., 2003. GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 126–138.
Nocquet, J. M., and E. Calais (2004), Geodetic measurements of crustal deformation in the western Mediterranean and Europe, Pure & Appl. Geophys. 161, 661–681, 0033 – 4553/04/030661 – 21 Doi 10.1007/s00024-003-2468-z.
McKenzie D. P., Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 30, 109-185, 1972.
Mc Kenzie D. P., and J. Jackson, The relationship between strain rates, crustal thickening, paleomagnetism, finite strain and fault movements within a deforming zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65, 182-202, 1983.
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