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Strategy for the detection of vertical movements in historical environments from fast high-precision GPS measurements
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/9 (2012)
ISSN
1742-2132
Electronic ISSN
1742-2140
Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING
Pages (printed)
230-240
Issued date
March 12, 2012
Alternative Location
Abstract
A continuous global positioning system station (CGPS) provides accurate coordinate time
series, while episodic GPS stations (EGPSs), which operated throughout short measurement
sessions, are generally used to improve the monitoring spatial density. In an urban
environment, EGPSs are typically equipped with removable mounts (topographical tripod or
bipod). In this paper, a method is proposed in order to evaluate vertical surface motions by
means of differential measurements of removable mount EGPSs with respect to a nearby
reference CGPS. For each day, the correct position of this CGPS is used as reference for the
quick differential EGPS measurements to allow the correction of their positions. The method
is applied to evaluate the subsidence in the centre of Bologna, which is characterized by
significant vertical movements, probably related to seasonal climatic effects, and where these
movements differ significantly even among closely spaced locations
series, while episodic GPS stations (EGPSs), which operated throughout short measurement
sessions, are generally used to improve the monitoring spatial density. In an urban
environment, EGPSs are typically equipped with removable mounts (topographical tripod or
bipod). In this paper, a method is proposed in order to evaluate vertical surface motions by
means of differential measurements of removable mount EGPSs with respect to a nearby
reference CGPS. For each day, the correct position of this CGPS is used as reference for the
quick differential EGPS measurements to allow the correction of their positions. The method
is applied to evaluate the subsidence in the centre of Bologna, which is characterized by
significant vertical movements, probably related to seasonal climatic effects, and where these
movements differ significantly even among closely spaced locations
References
Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Legrand J, Garayt B and Boucher C 2007
ITRF2005: a new release of the International Terrestrial
Reference Frame based on time series of station positions and
Earth Orientation Parameters J. Geophys. Res. 112 B09401
Arca S and Berretta G P 1985 Prima sintesi geodetica-geologica sui
movimenti verticali del suolo nell’Italia settentrionale Boll.
Geod. Sci. Aff. 44 125–56
Bitelli G, Bonsignore F and Uguendoli M 2000 Levelling and GPS
network to monitor round subsidence in the Southern Po valley
J. Geodyn. 30 355–69
Bruyninx C 2004 The EUREF Permanent Network: a
multidisciplinary network serving surveyors as well as
scientists GeoInformatics 7 32–5
Carminati E and Martinelli G 2002 Subsidence rates in the Po Plain,
northern Italy: the relative impact of natural and anthropogenic
causation Eng. Geol. 66 241–55
Casula G, Dubbini M and Galeandro A 2007 Modeling
environmental bias and computing velocity field from data of
Terra Nova Bay network in Antarctica by means of a
quasi-observation processing approach USGS Open-File
Report 2007-1047
Casula G, Mora P and Bianchi M G 2010 Detection of terrain
morphologic features using GPS, TLS, and land surveys:
‘Tana della Volpe’ Blind Valley case study J. Surv. Eng.
136 132–8
Dong D, Fang P, Bock Y, Cheng M K and Miyazaki S 2002
Anatomy of apparent seasonal variation from GPS-derived site
position J. Geophys. Res. 107 B4 2075
Elmi E, Bergonzoni A, Massa T, Montaletti V, Baratella P L
and Ronchi A 1984 Il territorio di pianura del Comune di
Bologna: aspetti geologici e geotecnici G. Geologia
46 127–52
Feigl K L et al 1993 Space geodetic measurement of crustal
deformation in central and southern California, 1984–1992
J. Geophys. Res. 98 21677–712
Herring T, King B and McClusky S 2010 Introduction to
GAMIT/GLOBK Reference manual Global Kalman filter
VLBI and GPS analysis program. Release 10.3. EAPS, MIT
Jin S, Park P H and Li Z C 2006 Seismicity and GPS constraints on
crustal deformation in the southern part of the Korean
Peninsula Geosci. J. 10 491–7
King M and Williams S 2009 Apparent stability of GPS
monumentation from long-running short baselines J. Geophys.
Res. 114 B10 1–21
Leonard L J, Hyndman R D, Mazzotti S, Nykolaishen L, Schmidt M
and Hippchen S 2007 Current deformation in the northern
Canadian Cordillera inferred from GPS measurements
J. Geophys. Res. 112 B11401
Lyard F, Lefevre F, Letellier T and Francis O 2006 Modelling the
global ocean tides: insights from FES2004 Ocean. Dyn.
56 394–415
Mao A, Harrison C G A and Dixon T H 1999 Noise in GPS
coordinate time series J. Geophys. Res. 104 2797–816
Marchetti M 2002 Environmental changes in the Central Po Plain
(Northern Italy) due to fluvial modifications and anthopogenic
activities Geomorphology 44 361–73
Mazzotti S, Dragert H, Henton J, Schmidt M, Hyndman R D,
James T S, Lu Y and Craymer M 2003 Current tectonics of
northern Cascadia from a decade of GPS measurements
J. Geophys. Res. 108 B12 2554
McCarthy D D and Petit G 2004 IERS Conventions 2003 IERS
Technical Note 32 Available at the International Earth and
Rotations Service (http://www.iers.org)
Pesci A, Casula G and Boschi E 2011 Laser scanning the Garisenda
and Asinelli towers in Bologna (Italy): detailed deformation
patterns of two ancient leaning buildings J. Cult. Herit.
12 117–27
Pesci A, Teza G and Casula G 2009 Improving strain rate estimation
from velocity data of non-permanent GPS stations: the Central
Apennine study case (Italy) GPS Solut. 13 249–61
Sanli D U and Engin C 2009 Accuracy of GPS positioning over
regional scales Surv. Rev. 41 192–200 Q3
Sclater J G and Christie P A F 1980 Continental stretching: an
explanation of the post-mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the
central North Sea basin J. Geophys. Res.
85 3711–39
Stramondo S, Saroli M, Tolomei C, Moro M, Doumaz F,
Pesci A, Loddo F, Baldi P and Boschi E 2007 Surface
movements in Bologna (Po Plain - Italy) detected from
multitemporal DInSAR Remote. Sens. Environ
110 304–16
Teza G, Pesci A and Casula G 2010 SURMODERR: a MATLAB
toolbox for estimation of velocity uncertainties of a
10
Strategy for the detection of vertical movements in historical environments
non-permanent GPS station Comput. Geosci.
36 1033–41
Williams S D P, Bock Y, Fang P, Jamason P, Nikolaidis R M,
Prawirodirdjo L, Miller M and Johnson D J 2004 Error analysis
of continuous GPS position time series J. Geophys. Res.
109 B03412
Zerbini S, Raicich F, Richter B, Gorini V and Errico M 2010
Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy
inferred from principal component analysis J. Geod.
49 190–204
Zerbini S, Richter B, Negusini M, Romagnoli C, Simon D,
Domenichini F and Schwahn W 2001 Height and gravity
variations by continuous GPS, gravity and environmental
parameter observations in the southern Po Plain, near
Bologna, Italy Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
192 267–79
11
ITRF2005: a new release of the International Terrestrial
Reference Frame based on time series of station positions and
Earth Orientation Parameters J. Geophys. Res. 112 B09401
Arca S and Berretta G P 1985 Prima sintesi geodetica-geologica sui
movimenti verticali del suolo nell’Italia settentrionale Boll.
Geod. Sci. Aff. 44 125–56
Bitelli G, Bonsignore F and Uguendoli M 2000 Levelling and GPS
network to monitor round subsidence in the Southern Po valley
J. Geodyn. 30 355–69
Bruyninx C 2004 The EUREF Permanent Network: a
multidisciplinary network serving surveyors as well as
scientists GeoInformatics 7 32–5
Carminati E and Martinelli G 2002 Subsidence rates in the Po Plain,
northern Italy: the relative impact of natural and anthropogenic
causation Eng. Geol. 66 241–55
Casula G, Dubbini M and Galeandro A 2007 Modeling
environmental bias and computing velocity field from data of
Terra Nova Bay network in Antarctica by means of a
quasi-observation processing approach USGS Open-File
Report 2007-1047
Casula G, Mora P and Bianchi M G 2010 Detection of terrain
morphologic features using GPS, TLS, and land surveys:
‘Tana della Volpe’ Blind Valley case study J. Surv. Eng.
136 132–8
Dong D, Fang P, Bock Y, Cheng M K and Miyazaki S 2002
Anatomy of apparent seasonal variation from GPS-derived site
position J. Geophys. Res. 107 B4 2075
Elmi E, Bergonzoni A, Massa T, Montaletti V, Baratella P L
and Ronchi A 1984 Il territorio di pianura del Comune di
Bologna: aspetti geologici e geotecnici G. Geologia
46 127–52
Feigl K L et al 1993 Space geodetic measurement of crustal
deformation in central and southern California, 1984–1992
J. Geophys. Res. 98 21677–712
Herring T, King B and McClusky S 2010 Introduction to
GAMIT/GLOBK Reference manual Global Kalman filter
VLBI and GPS analysis program. Release 10.3. EAPS, MIT
Jin S, Park P H and Li Z C 2006 Seismicity and GPS constraints on
crustal deformation in the southern part of the Korean
Peninsula Geosci. J. 10 491–7
King M and Williams S 2009 Apparent stability of GPS
monumentation from long-running short baselines J. Geophys.
Res. 114 B10 1–21
Leonard L J, Hyndman R D, Mazzotti S, Nykolaishen L, Schmidt M
and Hippchen S 2007 Current deformation in the northern
Canadian Cordillera inferred from GPS measurements
J. Geophys. Res. 112 B11401
Lyard F, Lefevre F, Letellier T and Francis O 2006 Modelling the
global ocean tides: insights from FES2004 Ocean. Dyn.
56 394–415
Mao A, Harrison C G A and Dixon T H 1999 Noise in GPS
coordinate time series J. Geophys. Res. 104 2797–816
Marchetti M 2002 Environmental changes in the Central Po Plain
(Northern Italy) due to fluvial modifications and anthopogenic
activities Geomorphology 44 361–73
Mazzotti S, Dragert H, Henton J, Schmidt M, Hyndman R D,
James T S, Lu Y and Craymer M 2003 Current tectonics of
northern Cascadia from a decade of GPS measurements
J. Geophys. Res. 108 B12 2554
McCarthy D D and Petit G 2004 IERS Conventions 2003 IERS
Technical Note 32 Available at the International Earth and
Rotations Service (http://www.iers.org)
Pesci A, Casula G and Boschi E 2011 Laser scanning the Garisenda
and Asinelli towers in Bologna (Italy): detailed deformation
patterns of two ancient leaning buildings J. Cult. Herit.
12 117–27
Pesci A, Teza G and Casula G 2009 Improving strain rate estimation
from velocity data of non-permanent GPS stations: the Central
Apennine study case (Italy) GPS Solut. 13 249–61
Sanli D U and Engin C 2009 Accuracy of GPS positioning over
regional scales Surv. Rev. 41 192–200 Q3
Sclater J G and Christie P A F 1980 Continental stretching: an
explanation of the post-mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the
central North Sea basin J. Geophys. Res.
85 3711–39
Stramondo S, Saroli M, Tolomei C, Moro M, Doumaz F,
Pesci A, Loddo F, Baldi P and Boschi E 2007 Surface
movements in Bologna (Po Plain - Italy) detected from
multitemporal DInSAR Remote. Sens. Environ
110 304–16
Teza G, Pesci A and Casula G 2010 SURMODERR: a MATLAB
toolbox for estimation of velocity uncertainties of a
10
Strategy for the detection of vertical movements in historical environments
non-permanent GPS station Comput. Geosci.
36 1033–41
Williams S D P, Bock Y, Fang P, Jamason P, Nikolaidis R M,
Prawirodirdjo L, Miller M and Johnson D J 2004 Error analysis
of continuous GPS position time series J. Geophys. Res.
109 B03412
Zerbini S, Raicich F, Richter B, Gorini V and Errico M 2010
Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy
inferred from principal component analysis J. Geod.
49 190–204
Zerbini S, Richter B, Negusini M, Romagnoli C, Simon D,
Domenichini F and Schwahn W 2001 Height and gravity
variations by continuous GPS, gravity and environmental
parameter observations in the southern Po Plain, near
Bologna, Italy Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
192 267–79
11
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