Options
Lava discharge during Etna's January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/74 (2012)
ISSN
0258-8900
Electronic ISSN
1432-0819
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Pages (printed)
787–793
Issued date
2012
Last version
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7221
Keywords
Abstract
Etna's January 2011 eruption provided an excellent
opportunity to test the ability of Meteosat Second Generation
satellite's Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed
Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to track a short-lived effusive
event. The presence of lava fountaining, the rapid expansion
of lava flows, and the complexity of the resulting flow field
make such events difficult to track from the ground. During
the Etna's January 2011 eruption, we were able to use
thermal data collected by SEVIRI every 15 min to generate
a time series of the syn-eruptive heat flux. Lava discharge
waxed over a ~1-h period to reach a peak that was first
masked from the satellite view by a cold tephra plume and
then was of sufficient intensity to saturate the 3.9-μm
channel. Both problems made it impossible to estimate
time-averaged lava discharge rates using the syn-eruptive
heat flux curve. Therefore, through integration of data
obtained by ground-based Doppler radar and thermal cameras,
as well as ancillary satellite data (from Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer), we developed a method that
allowed us to identify the point at which effusion stagnated,
to allow definition of a lava cooling curve. This allowed
retrieval of a lava volume of ~1.2×106 m3, which, if emitted
for 5 h, was erupted at a mean output rate of ~70 m3 s−1. The
lava volume estimated using the cooling curve method is
found to be similar to the values inferred from field
measurements.
opportunity to test the ability of Meteosat Second Generation
satellite's Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed
Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to track a short-lived effusive
event. The presence of lava fountaining, the rapid expansion
of lava flows, and the complexity of the resulting flow field
make such events difficult to track from the ground. During
the Etna's January 2011 eruption, we were able to use
thermal data collected by SEVIRI every 15 min to generate
a time series of the syn-eruptive heat flux. Lava discharge
waxed over a ~1-h period to reach a peak that was first
masked from the satellite view by a cold tephra plume and
then was of sufficient intensity to saturate the 3.9-μm
channel. Both problems made it impossible to estimate
time-averaged lava discharge rates using the syn-eruptive
heat flux curve. Therefore, through integration of data
obtained by ground-based Doppler radar and thermal cameras,
as well as ancillary satellite data (from Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer), we developed a method that
allowed us to identify the point at which effusion stagnated,
to allow definition of a lava cooling curve. This allowed
retrieval of a lava volume of ~1.2×106 m3, which, if emitted
for 5 h, was erupted at a mean output rate of ~70 m3 s−1. The
lava volume estimated using the cooling curve method is
found to be similar to the values inferred from field
measurements.
Sponsors
This work was supported by the Centre National
d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES-France) and CNRS-INSU.
d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES-France) and CNRS-INSU.
References
Aloisi M, D'Agostino M, Dean KG, Mostaccio A, Neri G (2002)
Satellite analysis and PUFF simulation of the eruptive cloud
generated by the Mount Etna paroxysm of 22 July 1998. J Geophys
Res B12(107):2373. doi:10.1029/2001JB000630
Aries SA, Harris AJL, Rothery DA (2001) Remote infrared detection
of the cessation of volcanic eruptions. Geophys Res Lett 28
(9):1803–1807
Behncke B, Neri M, Pecora E, Zanon V (2006) The exceptional
activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy),
between 1996 and 2001. Bull Volcanol 69:149–173. doi:10.1007/
s00445-006-0061-x
Bertrand C, Clerbaux N, Ipe A, Gonzales L (2003) Estimation of the
2002 Mount Etna eruption cloud radiative forcing from Meteosat-
7 data. Rem Sens Env 87:257–272
Bonaccorso A, Bonforte A, Calvari S, Del Negro C, Di Grazia G,
Ganci G, Neri M, Vicari A, Boschi E (2011) The initial phases of
the 2008–2009 Mt. Etna eruption: a multi-disciplinary approach
for hazard assessment. J Geophys Res 116:B03203. doi:10.1029/
2010JB007906
Calvari S, Pinkerton H (2002) Instabilities in the summit region of
Mount Etna during the 1999 eruption. Bull Volcanol 63:526–535
Calvari S, Salerno G, Spampinato L, Gouhier M, La Spina A, Pecora
E, Harris AJL, Labazuy P, Biale E, Boschi E (2011) Exploring
Etna's 11–13 January 2011 fire fountaining episode: a glimpse
into the shallow feeding system from the integration of remote
sensing data. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2011JB008407
Donnadieu F, Dubosclard G, Cordesses R, Druitt TH, Hervier C,
Kornprobst J, Lénat JF, Allard P, Coltelli M (2005) Remotely
monitoring volcanic activity with ground-based Doppler radar.
EOS Trans 86(21):201–204
Donnadieu F, Hervier C, Fréville P, Fournet-Fayard J, Fournol JF,
Menny P, Reymond C, and Bernard C (2009) The VOLDORAD
2B radar: operational handbook. OPGC Note 0709, Université
Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand
Harris AJL (1996) Low spatial resolution thermal monitoring of volcanoes
from space. PhD theses, The Open University, UK, p 315
Harris AJL, Keszthelyi L, Flynn LP, Mouginis-Mark PJ, Thornber C,
Kauahikaua J, Sherrod D, Trusdell F, Sawyer MW, Flament P
(1997a) Chronology of the Episode 54 eruption at Kilauea Volcano,
Hawaii, from GOES-9 satellite data. Geophys Res Lett 24
(24):3281–3284
Harris AJL, Blake S, Rothery DA, Stevens NF (1997b) A chronology
of the 1991 to 1993 Etna eruption using AVHRR data: implications
for real time thermal volcano monitoring. J Geophys Res
102(B4):7985–8003
Harris AJL, Pilger E, and Flynn LP (2002) Web-based hot spot monitoring
using GOES: what it is and how it works, Advances in
Environmental Monitoring and Modeling. (http://www.kcl.ac.uk/
kis/schools/hums/geog/advemm/vol1no3.html) 1(3), 5–36
Harris AJL, Dehn J, and Calvari S (2007) Lava effusion rate definition
and measurement: 546 A review, Bull Volcanol 70:1–22
Harris AJL, Baloga SM (2009) Lava discharge rates from satellite
measured heat flux. Geophys Res Lett 36:L19302. doi:10.1029/
2009GL039717
Harris AJL, Thornber C (1999) Complex effusive events at Kilauea as
documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras.
Bull Volcanol 61(6):382–395
Harris AJL, Favalli M, Steffke A, Fornaciai A, Boschi E (2010) A
relation between lava discharge rate, thermal insulation, and flow
area set using Lidar data. Geophys Res Lett 37:L20308.
doi:10.1029/2010GL044683
Holasek R, Self S (1995) GOES weather satellite observations and
measurements of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens eruption. J
Geophys Res 100(B5):8469–8487
Holasek RE, Self S, Woods AW (1996) Satellite observations and
interpretation of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption plumes. J
Geophys Res 101(B12):27635–27655
Iqbal M (1983) An introduction to solar radiation. Academic Press
Canada (Ontario), 390 p
Labazuy P, Gouhier M, Harris A, Guéhenneux Y, Hervo M, Bergès JC,
Cacault P, Rivet S (2011) Near real-time monitoring of the April-
May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud: an example of a Web-based,
satellite-data-driven, reporting system. Int J Environment and
Pollution. In Press
Newhall GG, Self S (1982) The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): an
estimate of explosive magnitude of historic eruptions. J Geophys
Res 87:1231–1238
Oppenheimer C, Francis PW, Rothery DA, Carlton RWT, Glaze
LS (1993) Infrared image analysis of volcanic thermal
features: Lascar Volcano, Chile 1984–1992. J Geophys Res
98:4269–4286
Richter DH, Eaton JP, Murata KJ, Ault WU, Krivoy HL (1970)
Chronological narrative of the 1959–1960 eruption of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 537RE:1–73
Wolfe EW, Garcia MO, Jackson DB, Koyanagy RY, Neal CA, Okamura
AT (1988) The Pu’u’O’o eruption of Kilauea volcano, episodes 1
through 20, January 3, 1983, to June 8, 1984. US Geological Survey
Professional Paper 1350:471–508
Wright R, Flynn L (2004) Space-based estimate of the volcanic
heat flux into the atmosphere during 2001 and 2002. Geology
32:189–192
Wright R, Blake S, Harris A, Rothery D (2001) A simple explanation
for the space-based calculation of lava eruptions rates. Earth
Planet Sci Lett 192:223–233. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)
00443-5
Satellite analysis and PUFF simulation of the eruptive cloud
generated by the Mount Etna paroxysm of 22 July 1998. J Geophys
Res B12(107):2373. doi:10.1029/2001JB000630
Aries SA, Harris AJL, Rothery DA (2001) Remote infrared detection
of the cessation of volcanic eruptions. Geophys Res Lett 28
(9):1803–1807
Behncke B, Neri M, Pecora E, Zanon V (2006) The exceptional
activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy),
between 1996 and 2001. Bull Volcanol 69:149–173. doi:10.1007/
s00445-006-0061-x
Bertrand C, Clerbaux N, Ipe A, Gonzales L (2003) Estimation of the
2002 Mount Etna eruption cloud radiative forcing from Meteosat-
7 data. Rem Sens Env 87:257–272
Bonaccorso A, Bonforte A, Calvari S, Del Negro C, Di Grazia G,
Ganci G, Neri M, Vicari A, Boschi E (2011) The initial phases of
the 2008–2009 Mt. Etna eruption: a multi-disciplinary approach
for hazard assessment. J Geophys Res 116:B03203. doi:10.1029/
2010JB007906
Calvari S, Pinkerton H (2002) Instabilities in the summit region of
Mount Etna during the 1999 eruption. Bull Volcanol 63:526–535
Calvari S, Salerno G, Spampinato L, Gouhier M, La Spina A, Pecora
E, Harris AJL, Labazuy P, Biale E, Boschi E (2011) Exploring
Etna's 11–13 January 2011 fire fountaining episode: a glimpse
into the shallow feeding system from the integration of remote
sensing data. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2011JB008407
Donnadieu F, Dubosclard G, Cordesses R, Druitt TH, Hervier C,
Kornprobst J, Lénat JF, Allard P, Coltelli M (2005) Remotely
monitoring volcanic activity with ground-based Doppler radar.
EOS Trans 86(21):201–204
Donnadieu F, Hervier C, Fréville P, Fournet-Fayard J, Fournol JF,
Menny P, Reymond C, and Bernard C (2009) The VOLDORAD
2B radar: operational handbook. OPGC Note 0709, Université
Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand
Harris AJL (1996) Low spatial resolution thermal monitoring of volcanoes
from space. PhD theses, The Open University, UK, p 315
Harris AJL, Keszthelyi L, Flynn LP, Mouginis-Mark PJ, Thornber C,
Kauahikaua J, Sherrod D, Trusdell F, Sawyer MW, Flament P
(1997a) Chronology of the Episode 54 eruption at Kilauea Volcano,
Hawaii, from GOES-9 satellite data. Geophys Res Lett 24
(24):3281–3284
Harris AJL, Blake S, Rothery DA, Stevens NF (1997b) A chronology
of the 1991 to 1993 Etna eruption using AVHRR data: implications
for real time thermal volcano monitoring. J Geophys Res
102(B4):7985–8003
Harris AJL, Pilger E, and Flynn LP (2002) Web-based hot spot monitoring
using GOES: what it is and how it works, Advances in
Environmental Monitoring and Modeling. (http://www.kcl.ac.uk/
kis/schools/hums/geog/advemm/vol1no3.html) 1(3), 5–36
Harris AJL, Dehn J, and Calvari S (2007) Lava effusion rate definition
and measurement: 546 A review, Bull Volcanol 70:1–22
Harris AJL, Baloga SM (2009) Lava discharge rates from satellite
measured heat flux. Geophys Res Lett 36:L19302. doi:10.1029/
2009GL039717
Harris AJL, Thornber C (1999) Complex effusive events at Kilauea as
documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras.
Bull Volcanol 61(6):382–395
Harris AJL, Favalli M, Steffke A, Fornaciai A, Boschi E (2010) A
relation between lava discharge rate, thermal insulation, and flow
area set using Lidar data. Geophys Res Lett 37:L20308.
doi:10.1029/2010GL044683
Holasek R, Self S (1995) GOES weather satellite observations and
measurements of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens eruption. J
Geophys Res 100(B5):8469–8487
Holasek RE, Self S, Woods AW (1996) Satellite observations and
interpretation of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption plumes. J
Geophys Res 101(B12):27635–27655
Iqbal M (1983) An introduction to solar radiation. Academic Press
Canada (Ontario), 390 p
Labazuy P, Gouhier M, Harris A, Guéhenneux Y, Hervo M, Bergès JC,
Cacault P, Rivet S (2011) Near real-time monitoring of the April-
May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud: an example of a Web-based,
satellite-data-driven, reporting system. Int J Environment and
Pollution. In Press
Newhall GG, Self S (1982) The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): an
estimate of explosive magnitude of historic eruptions. J Geophys
Res 87:1231–1238
Oppenheimer C, Francis PW, Rothery DA, Carlton RWT, Glaze
LS (1993) Infrared image analysis of volcanic thermal
features: Lascar Volcano, Chile 1984–1992. J Geophys Res
98:4269–4286
Richter DH, Eaton JP, Murata KJ, Ault WU, Krivoy HL (1970)
Chronological narrative of the 1959–1960 eruption of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 537RE:1–73
Wolfe EW, Garcia MO, Jackson DB, Koyanagy RY, Neal CA, Okamura
AT (1988) The Pu’u’O’o eruption of Kilauea volcano, episodes 1
through 20, January 3, 1983, to June 8, 1984. US Geological Survey
Professional Paper 1350:471–508
Wright R, Flynn L (2004) Space-based estimate of the volcanic
heat flux into the atmosphere during 2001 and 2002. Geology
32:189–192
Wright R, Blake S, Harris A, Rothery D (2001) A simple explanation
for the space-based calculation of lava eruptions rates. Earth
Planet Sci Lett 192:223–233. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)
00443-5
Type
article
File(s)
No Thumbnail Available
Name
Gouhier et al 2012.pdf
Description
main article
Size
337.12 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
ccc86023b1b80b0e7c8c323e46757b44