Options
Seismological, geological and geophysical constraints for the Gualdo Tadino fault, Umbria–Marche Apennines (central Italy)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/406 (2005)
ISSN
0040-1951
Electronic ISSN
1879-3266
Publisher
Elsevier Science Limited
Pages (printed)
233-247
Issued date
2005
Keywords
Abstract
The April 3, 1998 Mw=5.1 Gualdo Tadino earthquake (central Italy) was the last significant event in the 6-month-long Umbria–Marche seismic crisis. This event and its aftershocks occurred in an area where active faulting produces no striking geological and geomorphological effects. In this study, we investigated the ruptured fault using detailed seismological data and a re-processed and re-interpreted seismic reflection profile. Aftershock location and focal mechanisms were used to constrain the geometry and kinematics of the ruptured fault and a comparison was made with the subsurface image provided by the seismic profile. We found that the 1998 Gualdo Tadino earthquake occurred on a WSW-dipping, normal fault, with a length of about 8 km and a relatively gentle dip (308–408), confined between 3.5 and 7 km in depth. Kinematics of the mainshock and aftershocks revealed a NE-trending extension, in agreement with the regional stress field active in the Northern Apennines belt. The Mw = 5.1 earthquake originated above the top of the basement and ruptured within the sedimentary cover, which consists of an evaporites–carbonates multilayer. We hypothesised that the active fault does not reach the surface (blind normal fault). D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
References
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Barchi, M.R., 2002. Lithological and structural controls on the seismogenesis of the Umbria region: observations from seismic reflection profiles. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 1, 855–864 (Volume speciale).
Barchi, M.R., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M.B., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., Sotera, M., 1998. The structural style of the Umbria–Marche fold and thrust belt. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 52, 557–578.
Barchi, M.R., Paolacci, S., Pauselli, C., Pialli, G., Merlini, S., 1999. Geometria delle deformazioni estensionali recenti nel bacino dell’Alta Val Tiberina fra S.Giustino Umbro Perugia: evidenze geofisiche e considerazioni geologiche. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 118, 617–625.
Barchi, M.R., Galadini, F., Lavecchia, G., Messina, P., Michetti, A., Peruzza, L., Pizzi, A., Tondi, E., Vittori, E., 2000. Sintesi delle conoscenze sulle faglie attive in Italia Centrale: parametrizza- zione ai fini della caratterizzazione della pericolosita ́ sismica. Spec. Publ.. GNDT, Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terre- moti, Roma. 62 pp.
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Boncio, P., Ponziani, F., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.R., Lavecchia, G., Pialli, G., 1998. Seismicity and extensional tectonics in the northern Umbria–Marche Apennines. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 52, 539–555.
Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Lavecchia, G., 2000. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy. Tectonics 19, 1038–1055.
Calamita, F., Coltorti, M., Piccinini, D., Pierantoni, P.P., Pizzi, A., Ripepe, M., Scisciani, V., Turco, E., 2000. Quaternary faults and seismicity in the Umbro-Marchean Apennines (central Italy): evidence from the 1997 Colfiorito earthquake. J. Geodyn. 29 (3–5), 245–264.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., 2003. Vp and Vp/Vs images in the Mw 6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): a contribution to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic processes. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B5), doi:10.1029/2001JB001665.
Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth, W.L., Chiarabba, C., Cocco, M., 2003. Imaging the complexity of an active complex normal fault system: the 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study. J. Geo- phys. Res. 108 (B6), 2294.
Chiaraluce, L., Amato, A., Cocco, M., Chiarabba, C., Selvaggi, G., Di Bona, M., Piccinini, D., Deschamps, A., Margheriti, L., Courboulex, F., Ripepe, M., 2004. Complex normal faulting in the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt; the 1997 seismic sequence in central Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94 (1), 99–116. Chiaraluce, L., Barchi, M.R., Collettini, C., Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2005. Connecting seismically active normal faults with Qua- ternary geological structures: the Colfiorito 1997 case history (Northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonics 24, doi:10.1029/ 2004TC001627 (TC1002).
Cinti, F.R., Cucci, L., Marra, F., Montone, P., 2000. The 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquakes (Italy): relation between the sur- face tectonic breaks and the area of deformation. J. Seismol. 4 (4), 333–343.
Collettini, C., 2002. Hypothesis for the mechanics and seismic behaviour of low-angle normal faults; the example of the Alto- tiberina Fault, Northern Apennines. Ann. Geophys. 45 (5), 683 – 698.
Collettini, C., Barchi, M.R., 2002. A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity. Tectonophysics 359, 97–115.
Collettini, C., Barchi, M.R., Chiaraluce, L., Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2003. The Gubbio fault: can different methods give pictures of the same object? J. Geodyn. 36, 51–66.
Cox, M., 1999. Static corrections for seismic reflection surveys. Soc. Explor. Geophys., 531.
Cresta, S., Monechi, S., Parisi, G., 1989. Stratigrafia del mesozoico e cenozoico nell’area umbro-marchigiana. Itinerari geologici sull’Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano (Italia). Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. Ital. 39, 1–182.
De Feyter, A., Menichetti,, 1986. Back thrusting in forelimbs of rootless anticlines, with examples from the Umbro-Marchean Apennines, (Italy). Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 35, 357–370.
De Martini, P.M., Pino, N.A., Valensise, G., Mazza, S., 2003. Geodetic and seismologic evidence for slip variability along a blind normal fault in the Umbria–Marche 1997–1998 earth- quakes (central Italy). Geophys. J. Int. 155 (3), 819 – 829.
Deschamps, A., Innaccone, G., Scarpa, R., 1984. The umbrian earthquake (Italy) of 19 september 1979. Ann. Geophys. 2 (1), 29–36.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., Reyners, M., 1997. Continental subduction and three-dimensional crustal structure: the northern South Islands, new Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 11843 – 11861.
Haessler, H., Gaulon, R., Rivera, L., Console, R., Frogneux, M., Gasparini, G., Martel, L., Patau, G., Siciliano, M., Cisternas, A., 1988. The Perugia (Italy) earthquake of 29 april 1984: a micro- earthquake survey. Boll. Soc. Geol. Am. 78 (6), 1948 – 1964.
Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.R., Keller, J.V.A., Meni- chetti, M., 1994. Seismotectonic zoning in east-central Italy deduced from an analysis of the neogene to present defor- mations and related stress fields. Boll. Soc. Geol. Am. 106, 1107 – 1120.
Mazzotti, A., Fradelizio, G.L., Scandone, P., Stucchi, E., Zanzi, L., 1998. Seismic Exploration in Complex Terrains — an experi- ence in the Southern Apennines. 60th Mtg.: Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., Session, p. 163.
Mazzotti, A., Stucchi, E., Fradelizio, G.L., Zanzi, L., Scandone, P., 2000. Seismic exploration in complex terrains: a processing experience in the Southern Apennines. Geophys. Soc. Explor. Geophys. 65, 1402–1417.
Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2002. Integration of geological and geo- physical data along a section crossing the region of the 1997–98 Umbria–Marche earthquake (Italy). Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., Vol.
Spec. 1, 891–900. Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M.G., Barchi, M.R., Merlini, S., 2004. The
Gubbio normal fault (central Italy): geometry, displacement distribution, and tectonic evolution. J. Struct. Geol. 26, 2233 – 2249.
Mirabella, F., Boccali, V., Barchi, M.R., 2005. Segmentation and interaction of normal faults within the Colfiorito fault system (central Italy). In: Gapais, D., Brun, J.P., Cobbold, P.R. (Eds.), Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: from Minerals to the Lithosphere, Special Publications, vol. 243. Geological Society, London, pp. 25–36.
Montone, P., Amato, A., Pondrelli, S., 1999. Active stress map of Italy. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (B11), 25595–25610.
Morelli, A., Ekstro ̈m, G., Olivieri, M., 2000. Source properties of the 1997/98 central Italy earthquake sequence from inversion of long-period and broad-band seismograms. J. Seismol. 4 (4), 365 – 375.
Pauselli, C., Marchesi, R., Barchi, M.R., 2002. Seismic image of the compressional and extensional structures in the Gubbio area (Umbrian Pre-Apennines). Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., Vol. Spec. 1, 263 – 272.
Piccinini, D., Cattaneo, M., Chiarabba, C., Chiaraluce, L., De Martin, M., Di Bona, M., Moretti, M., Selvaggi, G., Augliera, P., Spallarossa, D., Ferretti, G., Michelini, A., Govoni, A., Di Bartolomeo, P., Romanelli, M., Fabbri, J., 2003. A microseismic study in a low seismicity area of Italy: the Citta` di Castello 2000–2001 experiment. Ann. Geophys. 46 (6), 1315 – 1324.
Pondrelli, S., Morelli, A., Ekstro ̈m, G., Mazza, S., Boschi, E., Dziewonski, A.M., 2002. European–Mediterranean regional centroid-moment tensors: 1997–2000. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 130, 71–101.
Reasenberg, P.A., Oppenheimer, D., 1985. FPFIT, FPPLOT AND FPPAGE: fortran computer programs for calculating and dis- playing earthquake fault-plane solutions. Open-file Rep.-U. S. Geol. Surv., 85–739.
Regione Umbria, 2002. Rilevamento Geologico e Geotematico delle Aree terremotate. Regione Umbra, Perugia, Italy.CD-rom.
Scarsella, F., 1951. Un aggruppamento di pieghe dell ’Appennino umbro marchigiano. Boll. Serv. Geol. Ital. 73, 309–320.
Scherbaum, F., 1997. Zero phase FIR filters in digital seismic acquisition systems: blessing or Curse? EOS 78 (33), 343 – 344. Stucchi, E., Mirabella, F., Barchi, M.R., Zanzi, L., Mazzotti, M., Merlini, S., 2002. Charactarisation of seismogenic faults by means of reflection seismic surveys. A case study in the Col- fiorito area: 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquakes. EAGE 64th Conference and exhibition Florence, Italy 27–30 May 2002.
extended abstract. Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F., 1995. New version of the generic map-
ping tools released. EOS Trans. AGU 76, 329. Working Group CPTI, 1999. Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti
Italiani, ING, GNDT, SGA, SSN (eds.), Bologns. 88 pp. Yilmaz, O., 1987. Seismic data processing. Soc. Explor. Geophys.,
526. Zanzi, L., Stucchi, E., Mazzotti, A., 1997. Design of crustal acquisi-
tions — Vibroseis versus explosive and expanding spread experi- ments. 59th Mtg.: Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., Session, p. 101.
Anelli, L., Gorza, M., Pieri, M., Riva, M., 1994. Subsurface well data in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 48, 461 – 471.
Bally, A.W., Burbi, L., Cooper, C., Ghelardoni, R., 1986. Balanced sections and seismic reflection profiles across the central Apen- nines. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 35, 257–310.
Barchi, M.R., 2002. Lithological and structural controls on the seismogenesis of the Umbria region: observations from seismic reflection profiles. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 1, 855–864 (Volume speciale).
Barchi, M.R., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M.B., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., Sotera, M., 1998. The structural style of the Umbria–Marche fold and thrust belt. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 52, 557–578.
Barchi, M.R., Paolacci, S., Pauselli, C., Pialli, G., Merlini, S., 1999. Geometria delle deformazioni estensionali recenti nel bacino dell’Alta Val Tiberina fra S.Giustino Umbro Perugia: evidenze geofisiche e considerazioni geologiche. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 118, 617–625.
Barchi, M.R., Galadini, F., Lavecchia, G., Messina, P., Michetti, A., Peruzza, L., Pizzi, A., Tondi, E., Vittori, E., 2000. Sintesi delle conoscenze sulle faglie attive in Italia Centrale: parametrizza- zione ai fini della caratterizzazione della pericolosita ́ sismica. Spec. Publ.. GNDT, Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terre- moti, Roma. 62 pp.
Boccaletti, M., Coli, M., 1982. Carta Strutturale dell’Appennino Settentrionale, scala 1:250.000. CNR, P.F. Geodin., S.P.. 5, Pubbl. n. 429, SELCA Firenze.
Boncio, P., Ponziani, F., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.R., Lavecchia, G., Pialli, G., 1998. Seismicity and extensional tectonics in the northern Umbria–Marche Apennines. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 52, 539–555.
Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Lavecchia, G., 2000. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy. Tectonics 19, 1038–1055.
Calamita, F., Coltorti, M., Piccinini, D., Pierantoni, P.P., Pizzi, A., Ripepe, M., Scisciani, V., Turco, E., 2000. Quaternary faults and seismicity in the Umbro-Marchean Apennines (central Italy): evidence from the 1997 Colfiorito earthquake. J. Geodyn. 29 (3–5), 245–264.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., 2003. Vp and Vp/Vs images in the Mw 6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): a contribution to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic processes. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B5), doi:10.1029/2001JB001665.
Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth, W.L., Chiarabba, C., Cocco, M., 2003. Imaging the complexity of an active complex normal fault system: the 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study. J. Geo- phys. Res. 108 (B6), 2294.
Chiaraluce, L., Amato, A., Cocco, M., Chiarabba, C., Selvaggi, G., Di Bona, M., Piccinini, D., Deschamps, A., Margheriti, L., Courboulex, F., Ripepe, M., 2004. Complex normal faulting in the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt; the 1997 seismic sequence in central Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94 (1), 99–116. Chiaraluce, L., Barchi, M.R., Collettini, C., Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2005. Connecting seismically active normal faults with Qua- ternary geological structures: the Colfiorito 1997 case history (Northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonics 24, doi:10.1029/ 2004TC001627 (TC1002).
Cinti, F.R., Cucci, L., Marra, F., Montone, P., 2000. The 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquakes (Italy): relation between the sur- face tectonic breaks and the area of deformation. J. Seismol. 4 (4), 333–343.
Collettini, C., 2002. Hypothesis for the mechanics and seismic behaviour of low-angle normal faults; the example of the Alto- tiberina Fault, Northern Apennines. Ann. Geophys. 45 (5), 683 – 698.
Collettini, C., Barchi, M.R., 2002. A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity. Tectonophysics 359, 97–115.
Collettini, C., Barchi, M.R., Chiaraluce, L., Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2003. The Gubbio fault: can different methods give pictures of the same object? J. Geodyn. 36, 51–66.
Cox, M., 1999. Static corrections for seismic reflection surveys. Soc. Explor. Geophys., 531.
Cresta, S., Monechi, S., Parisi, G., 1989. Stratigrafia del mesozoico e cenozoico nell’area umbro-marchigiana. Itinerari geologici sull’Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano (Italia). Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. Ital. 39, 1–182.
De Feyter, A., Menichetti,, 1986. Back thrusting in forelimbs of rootless anticlines, with examples from the Umbro-Marchean Apennines, (Italy). Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 35, 357–370.
De Martini, P.M., Pino, N.A., Valensise, G., Mazza, S., 2003. Geodetic and seismologic evidence for slip variability along a blind normal fault in the Umbria–Marche 1997–1998 earth- quakes (central Italy). Geophys. J. Int. 155 (3), 819 – 829.
Deschamps, A., Innaccone, G., Scarpa, R., 1984. The umbrian earthquake (Italy) of 19 september 1979. Ann. Geophys. 2 (1), 29–36.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., Reyners, M., 1997. Continental subduction and three-dimensional crustal structure: the northern South Islands, new Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 11843 – 11861.
Haessler, H., Gaulon, R., Rivera, L., Console, R., Frogneux, M., Gasparini, G., Martel, L., Patau, G., Siciliano, M., Cisternas, A., 1988. The Perugia (Italy) earthquake of 29 april 1984: a micro- earthquake survey. Boll. Soc. Geol. Am. 78 (6), 1948 – 1964.
Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.R., Keller, J.V.A., Meni- chetti, M., 1994. Seismotectonic zoning in east-central Italy deduced from an analysis of the neogene to present defor- mations and related stress fields. Boll. Soc. Geol. Am. 106, 1107 – 1120.
Mazzotti, A., Fradelizio, G.L., Scandone, P., Stucchi, E., Zanzi, L., 1998. Seismic Exploration in Complex Terrains — an experi- ence in the Southern Apennines. 60th Mtg.: Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., Session, p. 163.
Mazzotti, A., Stucchi, E., Fradelizio, G.L., Zanzi, L., Scandone, P., 2000. Seismic exploration in complex terrains: a processing experience in the Southern Apennines. Geophys. Soc. Explor. Geophys. 65, 1402–1417.
Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2002. Integration of geological and geo- physical data along a section crossing the region of the 1997–98 Umbria–Marche earthquake (Italy). Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., Vol.
Spec. 1, 891–900. Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M.G., Barchi, M.R., Merlini, S., 2004. The
Gubbio normal fault (central Italy): geometry, displacement distribution, and tectonic evolution. J. Struct. Geol. 26, 2233 – 2249.
Mirabella, F., Boccali, V., Barchi, M.R., 2005. Segmentation and interaction of normal faults within the Colfiorito fault system (central Italy). In: Gapais, D., Brun, J.P., Cobbold, P.R. (Eds.), Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: from Minerals to the Lithosphere, Special Publications, vol. 243. Geological Society, London, pp. 25–36.
Montone, P., Amato, A., Pondrelli, S., 1999. Active stress map of Italy. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (B11), 25595–25610.
Morelli, A., Ekstro ̈m, G., Olivieri, M., 2000. Source properties of the 1997/98 central Italy earthquake sequence from inversion of long-period and broad-band seismograms. J. Seismol. 4 (4), 365 – 375.
Pauselli, C., Marchesi, R., Barchi, M.R., 2002. Seismic image of the compressional and extensional structures in the Gubbio area (Umbrian Pre-Apennines). Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., Vol. Spec. 1, 263 – 272.
Piccinini, D., Cattaneo, M., Chiarabba, C., Chiaraluce, L., De Martin, M., Di Bona, M., Moretti, M., Selvaggi, G., Augliera, P., Spallarossa, D., Ferretti, G., Michelini, A., Govoni, A., Di Bartolomeo, P., Romanelli, M., Fabbri, J., 2003. A microseismic study in a low seismicity area of Italy: the Citta` di Castello 2000–2001 experiment. Ann. Geophys. 46 (6), 1315 – 1324.
Pondrelli, S., Morelli, A., Ekstro ̈m, G., Mazza, S., Boschi, E., Dziewonski, A.M., 2002. European–Mediterranean regional centroid-moment tensors: 1997–2000. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 130, 71–101.
Reasenberg, P.A., Oppenheimer, D., 1985. FPFIT, FPPLOT AND FPPAGE: fortran computer programs for calculating and dis- playing earthquake fault-plane solutions. Open-file Rep.-U. S. Geol. Surv., 85–739.
Regione Umbria, 2002. Rilevamento Geologico e Geotematico delle Aree terremotate. Regione Umbra, Perugia, Italy.CD-rom.
Scarsella, F., 1951. Un aggruppamento di pieghe dell ’Appennino umbro marchigiano. Boll. Serv. Geol. Ital. 73, 309–320.
Scherbaum, F., 1997. Zero phase FIR filters in digital seismic acquisition systems: blessing or Curse? EOS 78 (33), 343 – 344. Stucchi, E., Mirabella, F., Barchi, M.R., Zanzi, L., Mazzotti, M., Merlini, S., 2002. Charactarisation of seismogenic faults by means of reflection seismic surveys. A case study in the Col- fiorito area: 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquakes. EAGE 64th Conference and exhibition Florence, Italy 27–30 May 2002.
extended abstract. Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F., 1995. New version of the generic map-
ping tools released. EOS Trans. AGU 76, 329. Working Group CPTI, 1999. Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti
Italiani, ING, GNDT, SGA, SSN (eds.), Bologns. 88 pp. Yilmaz, O., 1987. Seismic data processing. Soc. Explor. Geophys.,
526. Zanzi, L., Stucchi, E., Mazzotti, A., 1997. Design of crustal acquisi-
tions — Vibroseis versus explosive and expanding spread experi- ments. 59th Mtg.: Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., Session, p. 101.
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