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Il terremoto di Palermo del 6 settembre 2002: effetti macrosismici
Author(s)
Language
Italian
Obiettivo Specifico
1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
N/A or not JCR
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
31/ (2003)
Publisher
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Pages (printed)
1-15
Issued date
2003
Abstract
On September 6, 2002, at 01:21 GMT, the western part of the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily was hit by an earthquake of magnitude ML = 5.6, representing the mainshock of a seismic sequence of roughly 500 earthquakes recorded in about one month. The event, although characterized by a moderate magnitude and located some forty kilometres offshore, produced relevant macroseismic effects in the Palermo area. A macroseismic survey was carried out soon after the earthquake with the aim of defining, for Civil Protection purposes, the damage scenario over a territory which is densely urbanised. In all, 134 localities were investigated.
Damage generally depended on the high vulnerability of the buildings both for problems related to the old age - as is the case of the Palermo historical centre - and for peculiar unfavourable conditions due to site effects, particularly in some quarters of the city and in the nearby locality of Ficarazzi. Damage to masonry consisted of falling plaster, failure of corner walls, diagonal cracks in walls and widening of previous fissures. Some degraded buildings, almost abandoned and with evident lack of maintenance, suffered partial structural failure of roofs and floors. As regards reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, several edifices with 5-10 storeys suffered cracks in partitions and infill walls, sometimes with failure of these elements, and falling plaster. Fine cracks in beams of frames have also been observed, but without determining significant structural problems. In general, damage affects the lowest storeys of the RC frame buildings. According to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998, the maximum value of intensity, 6, was assigned to Palermo and Ficarazzi.
The earthquake has also provoked effects on natural surroundings. Two types of phenomena have been detected: (i) hydrological effects and (ii) slope instability processes. The most relevant was the landslide which occurred near the village of Cerda, 60 km from the epicentre.
Damage generally depended on the high vulnerability of the buildings both for problems related to the old age - as is the case of the Palermo historical centre - and for peculiar unfavourable conditions due to site effects, particularly in some quarters of the city and in the nearby locality of Ficarazzi. Damage to masonry consisted of falling plaster, failure of corner walls, diagonal cracks in walls and widening of previous fissures. Some degraded buildings, almost abandoned and with evident lack of maintenance, suffered partial structural failure of roofs and floors. As regards reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, several edifices with 5-10 storeys suffered cracks in partitions and infill walls, sometimes with failure of these elements, and falling plaster. Fine cracks in beams of frames have also been observed, but without determining significant structural problems. In general, damage affects the lowest storeys of the RC frame buildings. According to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998, the maximum value of intensity, 6, was assigned to Palermo and Ficarazzi.
The earthquake has also provoked effects on natural surroundings. Two types of phenomena have been detected: (i) hydrological effects and (ii) slope instability processes. The most relevant was the landslide which occurred near the village of Cerda, 60 km from the epicentre.
References
Boschi, E., Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Valensise G. e Gasperini, P. (Ed.), (1997). Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a.C. al 1990. ING-SGA, Ozzano Emilia, 644 pp.
Caracausi, A., Di Liberto, V. e Grassa, F., (2002). Effetti del sisma del 6/9/2002 sulle sorgenti termali della Sicilia Nord-Occidentale. Rapporto INGV – Sez. di Palermo (http://www.pa.ingv.it/Sisma2002/report.htm).
Grassa, F., Capasso, G., Favara, R. e Inguaggiato, S., (2003). Chemical and isotopic composition of dissolved gases in some warm and thermal springs of Sicily, Italy. Sottomesso su Pageophysic, volume speciale "H. Wakita".
Grünthal, G. (Ed.), (1998). European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98). European Seismological Commission, subcommission on Engineering Seismology, working Group Macroseismic Scales. Conseil de l'Europe, Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, 15, Luxembourg, 99 pp.
Gruppo di lavoro CPTI, (1999). Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani. ING, GNDT, SGA, SSN, Bologna, 92 pp. (http://emidius.itim.mi.cnr.it/CPTI/home.html)
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Centro Nazionale Terremoti, (2002). Bollettino sismico. (http://www. ingv.it/~roma/frames/frame-boll.html)
Martella, T., (2002a). Il terremoto della Sicilia settentrionale del settembre 2002. Aggiornamento al 18 settembre 2002. Regione Siciliana, Dipartimento Regionale di Protezione Civile, 18 pp.
Martella, T. (ed.), (2002b). Il terremoto della Sicilia settentrionale del settembre 2002. Secondo rapporto sui danni ad edifici pubblici e privati ed infrastrutture. Aggiornamento al 21 ottobre 2002. Regione Siciliana, Dipartimento Regionale di Protezione Civile, 44 pp.
QUEST (a cura di Camassi, R., Azzaro, R., Mostaccio, A., Scarfì, L., Galli, P. e Bosi, V.) (2002a). Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto del 6 Settembre 2002, ore 01:21 (GMT). Aggiornamento delle ore 16:00 del 9.09.2002. Rapporto INGV per la Protezione Civile, 9 pp.
QUEST (a cura di Azzaro, R., Camassi, R., D’Amico, S., Mostaccio, A. e Scarfì, L.) (2002b). Secondo rapporto macrosismico sul terremoto del 6 Settembre 2002, ore 01:21 (GMT). Aggiornamento del 9.10.2002. Rapporto INGV per la Protezione Civile, 11 pp.
Caracausi, A., Di Liberto, V. e Grassa, F., (2002). Effetti del sisma del 6/9/2002 sulle sorgenti termali della Sicilia Nord-Occidentale. Rapporto INGV – Sez. di Palermo (http://www.pa.ingv.it/Sisma2002/report.htm).
Grassa, F., Capasso, G., Favara, R. e Inguaggiato, S., (2003). Chemical and isotopic composition of dissolved gases in some warm and thermal springs of Sicily, Italy. Sottomesso su Pageophysic, volume speciale "H. Wakita".
Grünthal, G. (Ed.), (1998). European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98). European Seismological Commission, subcommission on Engineering Seismology, working Group Macroseismic Scales. Conseil de l'Europe, Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, 15, Luxembourg, 99 pp.
Gruppo di lavoro CPTI, (1999). Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani. ING, GNDT, SGA, SSN, Bologna, 92 pp. (http://emidius.itim.mi.cnr.it/CPTI/home.html)
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Centro Nazionale Terremoti, (2002). Bollettino sismico. (http://www. ingv.it/~roma/frames/frame-boll.html)
Martella, T., (2002a). Il terremoto della Sicilia settentrionale del settembre 2002. Aggiornamento al 18 settembre 2002. Regione Siciliana, Dipartimento Regionale di Protezione Civile, 18 pp.
Martella, T. (ed.), (2002b). Il terremoto della Sicilia settentrionale del settembre 2002. Secondo rapporto sui danni ad edifici pubblici e privati ed infrastrutture. Aggiornamento al 21 ottobre 2002. Regione Siciliana, Dipartimento Regionale di Protezione Civile, 44 pp.
QUEST (a cura di Camassi, R., Azzaro, R., Mostaccio, A., Scarfì, L., Galli, P. e Bosi, V.) (2002a). Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto del 6 Settembre 2002, ore 01:21 (GMT). Aggiornamento delle ore 16:00 del 9.09.2002. Rapporto INGV per la Protezione Civile, 9 pp.
QUEST (a cura di Azzaro, R., Camassi, R., D’Amico, S., Mostaccio, A. e Scarfì, L.) (2002b). Secondo rapporto macrosismico sul terremoto del 6 Settembre 2002, ore 01:21 (GMT). Aggiornamento del 9.10.2002. Rapporto INGV per la Protezione Civile, 11 pp.
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