Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7157
Authors: Di Napoli, R.* 
Martorana, R.* 
Orsi, G.* 
Aiuppa, A.* 
Camarda, M.* 
De Gregorio, S.* 
Gagliano Candela, E.* 
Luzio, D.* 
Messina, N.* 
Pecoraino, G.* 
Bitetto, M.* 
De Vita, S.* 
Valenza, M.* 
Title: The structure of a hydrothermal system from an integrated geochemical, geophysical, and geological approach: The Ischia Island case study
Journal: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 
Series/Report no.: 7/12 (2011)
Publisher: AGU Geochemical Society
Issue Date: Jul-2011
DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003476
URL: http://www.agu.org/journals/gc/gc1107/2010GC003476/
Keywords: ERT
TEM
Ischia
fluid geochemistry
hydrothermal systems
resurgent caldera
Subject Classification03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes 
03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts 
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems 
04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes 
04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration 
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology 
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry 
Abstract: The complexity of volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems is such that thorough characterization requires extensive and interdisciplinary work. We use here an integrated multidisciplinary approach, combining geological investigations with hydrogeochemical and soil degassing prospecting, and resistivity surveys, to provide a comprehensive characterization of the shallow structure of the southwestern Ischia's hydrothermal system. We show that the investigated area is characterized by a structural setting that, although very complex, can be schematized in three sectors, namely, the extra caldera sector (ECS), caldera floor sector (CFS), and resurgent caldera sector (RCS). This contrasted structural setting governs fluid circulation. Geochemical prospecting shows, in fact, that the caldera floor sector, a structural and topographic low, is the area where CO2-rich (>40 cm3/l) hydrothermally mature (log Mg/Na ratios < −3) waters, of prevalently meteoric origin (δ18O < −5.5‰), preferentially flow and accumulate. This pervasive hydrothermal circulation within the caldera floor sector, being also the source of significant CO2 soil degassing (>150 g m−2 d−1), is clearly captured by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys as a highly conductive (resistivity < 3 Ω·m) layer from depths of ~100 m, and therefore within the Mount Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) formation. Our observations indicate, instead, that less-thermalized fluids prevail in the extra caldera and resurgent caldera sectors, where highly conductive seawater-like (total dissolved solid, TDS > 10,000 mg/l) and poorly conductive meteoric-derived (TDS < 4,000 mg/l) waters are observed, respectively. We finally integrate our observations to build a general model for fluid circulation in the shallowest (<0.5 km) part of Ischia's hydrothermal system.
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