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Surface latent heat flux anomalies preceding inland earthquakes in China
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
Status
Published
JCR Journal
N/A or not JCR
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
22(2009)
Publisher
Seismological Society of China
Pages (printed)
555−562
Issued date
October 10, 2009
Alternative Location
Abstract
Using data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the paper analyzed the surface latent
heat flux (SLHF) variations for five inland earthquakes occurred in some lake area, moist area and arid area of China
during recent years. We used the SLHF daily and monthly data to differentiate the global and seasonal variability from the
transient local anomalies. The temporal scale of the observed variations is 1–2 months before and after the earthquakes, and
spatial scale is about 10°×10°. The result suggests that the SLHFs adjacent the epicenters all are anomalous high value
(>μ+2σ) 8–30 days before the shocks as compared with past several years of data. Different from the abnormal meteorological
phenomenon, the distribution of the anomalies was isolated and local, which usually occurred in the epicenter and its adjacent
area, or along the fault lines. The increase of SLHF was tightly related with the season which the earthquake occurs in;
the maximal (125 W/m2, Pu’er earthquake) and minimal (25 W/m2, Gaize earthquake) anomalies were in summer and winter,
respectively. The abundant surface water and groundwater in the epicenter and its adjacent region can provide necessary
condition for the change of SLHF. To further confirm the reliability of SLHF anomaly, it is necessary to explore its physical
mechanism in depth by more earthquake cases.
heat flux (SLHF) variations for five inland earthquakes occurred in some lake area, moist area and arid area of China
during recent years. We used the SLHF daily and monthly data to differentiate the global and seasonal variability from the
transient local anomalies. The temporal scale of the observed variations is 1–2 months before and after the earthquakes, and
spatial scale is about 10°×10°. The result suggests that the SLHFs adjacent the epicenters all are anomalous high value
(>μ+2σ) 8–30 days before the shocks as compared with past several years of data. Different from the abnormal meteorological
phenomenon, the distribution of the anomalies was isolated and local, which usually occurred in the epicenter and its adjacent
area, or along the fault lines. The increase of SLHF was tightly related with the season which the earthquake occurs in;
the maximal (125 W/m2, Pu’er earthquake) and minimal (25 W/m2, Gaize earthquake) anomalies were in summer and winter,
respectively. The abundant surface water and groundwater in the epicenter and its adjacent region can provide necessary
condition for the change of SLHF. To further confirm the reliability of SLHF anomaly, it is necessary to explore its physical
mechanism in depth by more earthquake cases.
References
Chen M H, Deng Z H and Yang Z Z (2006). Surface latent heat flux anomalies
prior to the Indonesia MW9.0 earthquake of 2004. Chinese Science Bulletin
51(1): 118–120.
Chen M H, Deng, Z H, Wang Y, Liao Z H and Zu J H (2007). Primary study on
the variation of surface thermal flux before and after the MS5.7 earthquake
of 2005 in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Seismology and Geology 29(3): 617–626 Cervone G, Kafatos M, Napoletani D and Singh R P (2004). Wavelet maxima
curves associated with two recent great earthquakes. Nat Hazards Earth
Sys 4: 359–374.
Dey S and Singh R P (2003). Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor.
Nat Hazards Earth Sys 3: 749–755.
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M and Kistler R (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year
reanalysis project. B Am Meteorol Soc 77(3): 437–471.
Li J P, Wu L X, Wen Z Y and Liu S J (2008). Studies on abnormal surface
latent heat flux prior to major coastal and terrestrial earthquakes in China.
Science & Technology Review 26(5): 40–44 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ouzounov D and Freund F (2004). Mid-infrared emission prior to strong
earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data. Adv Space Res 33: 268–273.
Ouzounov D, Liu D F, Chun K and Taylor P (2007). The outgoing longwave
radiation variability prior to the major earthquake by analyzing IR satellite
data. Tectonophysics 421: 211–220.
Pulinets S A and Boyarchuk K A (2004). Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 315.
Pulinets S A, Ouzounov D and Ciraolo L (2006a). Thermal, atmospheric and
ionospheric anomalies around the time of the Colima M7.8 earthquake of
21 January 2003. Ann Geophys 24: 835–849.
Pulinets S A, Ouzounov D, Karelin A V, Boyarchuk K A and Pokhmelnykh L A
(2006b). The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong
earthquakes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31: 143–153.
Qiang Z J (2001). Satellite-based prediction of earthquakes. EARSel Newsletter
47: 21–26.
Qiang Z J, Dian C G, Li L, Xu M, Liu T, Zhao Y and Guo M (1999). Satellite
thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image — shortterm and
impending earthquake precursors. Science in China (Series D) 42:
313–324.
Saraf A K and Choudhury S (2005a). NOAA-AVHRR detects thermal anomaly
associated with the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake, Gujrat, India.
Int J Remote Sens 26: 1 065–1 073.
Saraf A K and Choudhury S (2005b). Satellite detects surface thermal anomalies
associated with the Algerian earthquakes of May 2003. Int J Remote
Sens 26: 2 705–2 713.
Saraf A K, Rawat V, Banerjee P, Choudhury S, Panda S K, Dasgupta S and Das
J D (2008). Satellite detection of earthquake thermal infrared precursors in
Iran. Natural Hazards 47(1): 119–135.
Singh R, Simon B and Joshi P C (2001). Estimation of surface latent heat
fluxes from IRSP4/MSMR satellite data. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Earth
Planet Science) 110(3): 231–238.
Smith S R, Legler D M and Verzone K V (2001). Quantifying uncertainties in
NCEP reanalysis using high-quality research vessel observations. J Climate
14: 4 062–4 072.
Tronin A A, Hayakawa M and Molchanov O A (2002). Thermal IR satellite
data application for earthquake research in Japan and China. J Geodyn 33:
519–534.
prior to the Indonesia MW9.0 earthquake of 2004. Chinese Science Bulletin
51(1): 118–120.
Chen M H, Deng, Z H, Wang Y, Liao Z H and Zu J H (2007). Primary study on
the variation of surface thermal flux before and after the MS5.7 earthquake
of 2005 in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Seismology and Geology 29(3): 617–626 Cervone G, Kafatos M, Napoletani D and Singh R P (2004). Wavelet maxima
curves associated with two recent great earthquakes. Nat Hazards Earth
Sys 4: 359–374.
Dey S and Singh R P (2003). Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor.
Nat Hazards Earth Sys 3: 749–755.
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M and Kistler R (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year
reanalysis project. B Am Meteorol Soc 77(3): 437–471.
Li J P, Wu L X, Wen Z Y and Liu S J (2008). Studies on abnormal surface
latent heat flux prior to major coastal and terrestrial earthquakes in China.
Science & Technology Review 26(5): 40–44 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ouzounov D and Freund F (2004). Mid-infrared emission prior to strong
earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data. Adv Space Res 33: 268–273.
Ouzounov D, Liu D F, Chun K and Taylor P (2007). The outgoing longwave
radiation variability prior to the major earthquake by analyzing IR satellite
data. Tectonophysics 421: 211–220.
Pulinets S A and Boyarchuk K A (2004). Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 315.
Pulinets S A, Ouzounov D and Ciraolo L (2006a). Thermal, atmospheric and
ionospheric anomalies around the time of the Colima M7.8 earthquake of
21 January 2003. Ann Geophys 24: 835–849.
Pulinets S A, Ouzounov D, Karelin A V, Boyarchuk K A and Pokhmelnykh L A
(2006b). The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong
earthquakes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31: 143–153.
Qiang Z J (2001). Satellite-based prediction of earthquakes. EARSel Newsletter
47: 21–26.
Qiang Z J, Dian C G, Li L, Xu M, Liu T, Zhao Y and Guo M (1999). Satellite
thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image — shortterm and
impending earthquake precursors. Science in China (Series D) 42:
313–324.
Saraf A K and Choudhury S (2005a). NOAA-AVHRR detects thermal anomaly
associated with the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake, Gujrat, India.
Int J Remote Sens 26: 1 065–1 073.
Saraf A K and Choudhury S (2005b). Satellite detects surface thermal anomalies
associated with the Algerian earthquakes of May 2003. Int J Remote
Sens 26: 2 705–2 713.
Saraf A K, Rawat V, Banerjee P, Choudhury S, Panda S K, Dasgupta S and Das
J D (2008). Satellite detection of earthquake thermal infrared precursors in
Iran. Natural Hazards 47(1): 119–135.
Singh R, Simon B and Joshi P C (2001). Estimation of surface latent heat
fluxes from IRSP4/MSMR satellite data. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Earth
Planet Science) 110(3): 231–238.
Smith S R, Legler D M and Verzone K V (2001). Quantifying uncertainties in
NCEP reanalysis using high-quality research vessel observations. J Climate
14: 4 062–4 072.
Tronin A A, Hayakawa M and Molchanov O A (2002). Thermal IR satellite
data application for earthquake research in Japan and China. J Geodyn 33:
519–534.
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