Options
Structural assessment of Mount Etna volcano from Permanent Scatterers analysis
Author(s)
Ferretti, A.
Tele-Rilevamento Europa
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
Issue/vol(year)
2/12 (2011)
Publisher
AGU and Geochemical Society
Pages (printed)
Q02002
Issued date
February 9, 2011
Subjects
Abstract
A study of the deformation pattern of Mount Etna volcano based on the results from the Permanent
Scatterers (PS) technique is reported. Ground motion data provided by the interferometric synthetic aperture
radar (InSAR) PS technique from 1995 to 2000 are compared and validated by GPS data. An analysis
of the ascending and descending line of sight (LOS) components of ground velocities has yielded detailed
ground deformation maps and cross sections. This analysis allows detection and constraint of discontinuities
in the surface velocity field. LOS velocities have then been combined to calculate the vertical and horizontal
(E‐W) ground velocities. A wide inflation of the edifice has been detected on the western and
northern flanks (over an area of about 350 km2). A seaward motion of the eastern and southern flanks
has also been measured. PS data allows the geometry and kinematics of the several blocks composing
the unstable flanks to be defined even in the highly urbanized areas, and their displacement rates have been
measured with millimeter precision. This analysis reveals the extension of some features beyond their field
evidences and defines new important features. The results of this work depict a new comprehensive kinematic
model of the volcano highlighting the gravitational reorganization of the unbuttressed volcanic pile
on its slippery clay basement on the southern flank, but an additional drag force due to a strong subsidence
of the continental margin facing the Etna volcano is necessary to explain the PS velocity field observed on
the eastern flank.
Scatterers (PS) technique is reported. Ground motion data provided by the interferometric synthetic aperture
radar (InSAR) PS technique from 1995 to 2000 are compared and validated by GPS data. An analysis
of the ascending and descending line of sight (LOS) components of ground velocities has yielded detailed
ground deformation maps and cross sections. This analysis allows detection and constraint of discontinuities
in the surface velocity field. LOS velocities have then been combined to calculate the vertical and horizontal
(E‐W) ground velocities. A wide inflation of the edifice has been detected on the western and
northern flanks (over an area of about 350 km2). A seaward motion of the eastern and southern flanks
has also been measured. PS data allows the geometry and kinematics of the several blocks composing
the unstable flanks to be defined even in the highly urbanized areas, and their displacement rates have been
measured with millimeter precision. This analysis reveals the extension of some features beyond their field
evidences and defines new important features. The results of this work depict a new comprehensive kinematic
model of the volcano highlighting the gravitational reorganization of the unbuttressed volcanic pile
on its slippery clay basement on the southern flank, but an additional drag force due to a strong subsidence
of the continental margin facing the Etna volcano is necessary to explain the PS velocity field observed on
the eastern flank.
References
Azzaro, R., S. Branca, S. Giammanco, S. Gurrieri, R. Rosa. and M. Valenza (1998), New evidence for the form and extent of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt. Etna) from structural and soil-gas surveying, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 84, 143-152.
Beauducel, F., P. Briole, and J. L. Froger (2000), Volcano-wide fringes in ERS synthetic aperture radar interferograms of Etna (1992-1998): Deformation or tropospheric effect?, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16391-16402.
Bonaccorso, A., A. Bonforte, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2006), Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the 2004-2005 Mount Etna eruption, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12207, doi: 10.1029/2005JB004206.
Bonforte, A., and G. Puglisi (2003), Magma uprising and flank dynamics on Mount Etna volcano, studied using GPS data (1994-1995), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2153, doi: 10.1029/2002jb001845.
Bonforte, A., and G. Puglisi (2006), Dynamics of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) investigated by a dense GPS network, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 153, 357-369, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.12.005.
Bonforte, A., A. Ferretti, C. Prati, G. Puglisi, and F. Rocca (2001), Calibration of atmospheric effects on SAR interferograms by GPS and local atmosphere models: first results, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 63, 1343-1357.
Bonforte, A., F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2004), A syn-eruptive ground deformation episode measured by GPS, during the 2001 eruption on the upper southern flank of Mt Etna, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 336-341, doi: 10.1007/s00445-003-0314-x.
Bonforte, A., S. Gambino, F. Guglielmino, F. Obrizzo, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2007a), Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna, Bull. Volcanol., 69, 757-768, doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0106-1.
Bonforte, A., S. Branca, and M. Palano (2007b), Geometric and kinematic variations along the active Pernicana fault: Implication for the dynamics of Mount Etna NE flank (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 160, 210-222, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.08.009.
Bonforte, A., D. Carbone, F. Greco, and M. Palano (2007c), Intrusive mechanism of the 2002 NE-rift eruption at Mt Etna (Italy) modelled using GPS and gravity data, Geophys. J. Intern., 169, 339-347, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03249.x.
Bonforte, A., A. Bonaccorso, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2008), Feeding system and magma storage beneath Mt. Etna as revealed by recent inflation/deflation cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B05406, doi: 10.1029/2007jb005334.
Bonforte, A., S. Gambino, and M. Neri (2009), Intrusion of eccentric dikes: The case of the 2001 eruption and its role in the dynamics of Mt. Etna volcano, Tectonophysics, 471, 78-86, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.028.
Borgia, A., L. Ferrari, and G. Pasquarè (1992), Importance of gravitational spreading in the tectonic and volcanic evolution of Mount Etna, Nature, 357, 231-235.
Borgia, A., R. Lanari, E. Sansosti, M. Tesauro, P. Berardino, G. Fornaro, M. Neri, and J. B. Murray (2000), Actively growing anticlines beneath Catania from the distal motion of Mount Etna's decollement measured by SAR interferometry and GPS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3409-3412.
Bousquet, J. C., and G. Lanzafame (2004), The tectonics and geodynamics of Mt. Etna: synthesis and interpretation of geological and geophysical data, in Etna Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 29-47, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Branca, S., and P. Del Carlo (2004), Eruptions of Mt Etna during the past 3,200 years: a revised compilation integrating the historical and stratigraphic records, in Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 1-27, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Briole, P., D. Massonnet, and C. Delacourt (1997), Post-eruptive deformation associated with the 1986-87 and 1989 lava flows of Etna detected by radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 37-40.
Calvari, S., M. Coltelli, M. Neri, M. Pompilio, and V. Scribano (1994), The 1991-93 Etna eruption: chronology and lava flow field evolution, Acta Vulcano., 4, 1-14.
Colesanti, C., A. Ferretti, C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2003), Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent Scatterers Technique, Engin. Geol., 68, 3-14
Curlander J. C., and R. N. McDonough (1991). Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Farr, T. G., et al. (2007), The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2004, doi: 10.1029/2005RG000183.
Ferretti, A., C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2000), Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 38, 2202-2212.
Ferretti, A., C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2001), Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 39, 8-20.
Froger, J. L., O. Merle, and P. Briole (2001), Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 245-258.
Hanssen, R. F (2001), Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Houlie, N., P. Briole, A. Bonforte, and G. Puglisi (2006), Large scale ground deformation of Etna observed by GPS between 1994 and 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02309, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024414.
Jenks, G. F., and F. C. Caspall (1971), Error on choroplethic maps: Definition, measurement, reductions, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 61, 217 – 244.
Kampes B. M (2006), Radar Interferometry: Persistent Scatterer Technique. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Lanari, R., P. Lundgren, and E. Sansosti (1998), Dynamic deformation of Etna volcano observed by satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1541-1544.
Massonnet, D., and K. L. Feigl (1995), Discrimination of geophysical phenomena in satellite radar interferograms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1537-1540.
Massonnet, D., P. Briole, and A. Arnaud (1995), Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by spaceborne radar interferometry, Nature, 375, 567-570.
Mattia, M., D. Patane`, M. Aloisi, and M. Amore (2007), Faulting on the western flank of Mt Etna and magma intrusions in the shallow crust, Terra Nova, 19, 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00724.x.
Merle, O., and A. Borgia (1996), Scaled experiments of volcanic spreading, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 13805-13817.
Neri, M., V. Acocella, and B. Behncke (2004), The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mt. Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 417-430, doi: 10.1007/s00445-003-0322-x.
Neri, M, F. Guglielmino, and D. Rust (2007), Flank instability on Mount Etna: Radon, radar interferometry and geodetic data from the southwestern boundary of the unstable sector, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B04410, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004756.
Nunnari, G., and G. Puglisi (1994), The Global Positioning System as a useful technique for measuring ground deformations in volcanic areas, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 61, 267-280.
Onn, F., and H. A. Zebker (2006), Correction for interferometric synthetic aperture radar atmospheric phase artifacts using time series of zenith wet delay observations from a GPS network, J. Geophys. Res, 111, B09102, doi: 10.1029/2005JB004012.
Palano, M., M. Aloisi, M. Amore, A. Bonforte, F. Calvagna, M. Cantarero, O. Consoli, S. Consoli, F. Guglielmino, M. Mattia, B. Puglisi, and G. Puglisi (2006), Kinematics and strain analyses of the eastern segment of the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Italy) derived from geodetic techniques (1997-2005), Ann. Geophys., 49, 1105-1117.
Puglisi, G., A. Bonforte, and S.R. Maugeri (2001), Ground deformation patterns on Mount Etna, 1992 to 1994, inferred from GPS data, Bull. Volcanol., 62, 371-384.
Puglisi, G., and A. Bonforte (2004), Dynamics of Mount Etna Volcano inferred from static and kinematic GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B11404, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002878.
Puglisi, G., P. Briole, and A. Bonforte (2004), Twelve years of ground deformation studies on Mt. Etna volcano based on GPS surveys, in Etna Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 321-341, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Puglisi, G., A. Bonforte, A. Ferretti, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and C. Prati (2008), Dynamics of Mount Etna before, during and after the July-August 2001 eruption inferred from GPS and differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B06405, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004811.
Rust, D., and M. Neri (1996), The boundaries of large-scale collapse on the flanks of Mount Etna, Sicily, in Volcano instability on the Earth and other planets, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 110, edited by W. J. McGuire, A. P. Jones, and J. Neuberg, pp. 193-208.
Williams, S., Y. Bock, and P. Fang (1998), Integrated satellite interferometry: Tropospheric noise, GPS estimates and implications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar products, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27051-27067.
Zebker, H. A., and J. Villasenor (1992), Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 30, 950-959.
Zebker, H. A., P. A. Rosen, and S. Hensley (1997), Atmospheric effects in interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation and topographic maps, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7547-7563.
Beauducel, F., P. Briole, and J. L. Froger (2000), Volcano-wide fringes in ERS synthetic aperture radar interferograms of Etna (1992-1998): Deformation or tropospheric effect?, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16391-16402.
Bonaccorso, A., A. Bonforte, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2006), Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the 2004-2005 Mount Etna eruption, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12207, doi: 10.1029/2005JB004206.
Bonforte, A., and G. Puglisi (2003), Magma uprising and flank dynamics on Mount Etna volcano, studied using GPS data (1994-1995), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2153, doi: 10.1029/2002jb001845.
Bonforte, A., and G. Puglisi (2006), Dynamics of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) investigated by a dense GPS network, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 153, 357-369, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.12.005.
Bonforte, A., A. Ferretti, C. Prati, G. Puglisi, and F. Rocca (2001), Calibration of atmospheric effects on SAR interferograms by GPS and local atmosphere models: first results, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 63, 1343-1357.
Bonforte, A., F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2004), A syn-eruptive ground deformation episode measured by GPS, during the 2001 eruption on the upper southern flank of Mt Etna, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 336-341, doi: 10.1007/s00445-003-0314-x.
Bonforte, A., S. Gambino, F. Guglielmino, F. Obrizzo, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2007a), Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna, Bull. Volcanol., 69, 757-768, doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0106-1.
Bonforte, A., S. Branca, and M. Palano (2007b), Geometric and kinematic variations along the active Pernicana fault: Implication for the dynamics of Mount Etna NE flank (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 160, 210-222, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.08.009.
Bonforte, A., D. Carbone, F. Greco, and M. Palano (2007c), Intrusive mechanism of the 2002 NE-rift eruption at Mt Etna (Italy) modelled using GPS and gravity data, Geophys. J. Intern., 169, 339-347, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03249.x.
Bonforte, A., A. Bonaccorso, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and G. Puglisi (2008), Feeding system and magma storage beneath Mt. Etna as revealed by recent inflation/deflation cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B05406, doi: 10.1029/2007jb005334.
Bonforte, A., S. Gambino, and M. Neri (2009), Intrusion of eccentric dikes: The case of the 2001 eruption and its role in the dynamics of Mt. Etna volcano, Tectonophysics, 471, 78-86, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.028.
Borgia, A., L. Ferrari, and G. Pasquarè (1992), Importance of gravitational spreading in the tectonic and volcanic evolution of Mount Etna, Nature, 357, 231-235.
Borgia, A., R. Lanari, E. Sansosti, M. Tesauro, P. Berardino, G. Fornaro, M. Neri, and J. B. Murray (2000), Actively growing anticlines beneath Catania from the distal motion of Mount Etna's decollement measured by SAR interferometry and GPS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3409-3412.
Bousquet, J. C., and G. Lanzafame (2004), The tectonics and geodynamics of Mt. Etna: synthesis and interpretation of geological and geophysical data, in Etna Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 29-47, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Branca, S., and P. Del Carlo (2004), Eruptions of Mt Etna during the past 3,200 years: a revised compilation integrating the historical and stratigraphic records, in Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 1-27, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Briole, P., D. Massonnet, and C. Delacourt (1997), Post-eruptive deformation associated with the 1986-87 and 1989 lava flows of Etna detected by radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 37-40.
Calvari, S., M. Coltelli, M. Neri, M. Pompilio, and V. Scribano (1994), The 1991-93 Etna eruption: chronology and lava flow field evolution, Acta Vulcano., 4, 1-14.
Colesanti, C., A. Ferretti, C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2003), Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent Scatterers Technique, Engin. Geol., 68, 3-14
Curlander J. C., and R. N. McDonough (1991). Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Farr, T. G., et al. (2007), The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2004, doi: 10.1029/2005RG000183.
Ferretti, A., C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2000), Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 38, 2202-2212.
Ferretti, A., C. Prati, and F. Rocca (2001), Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 39, 8-20.
Froger, J. L., O. Merle, and P. Briole (2001), Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 245-258.
Hanssen, R. F (2001), Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Houlie, N., P. Briole, A. Bonforte, and G. Puglisi (2006), Large scale ground deformation of Etna observed by GPS between 1994 and 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02309, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024414.
Jenks, G. F., and F. C. Caspall (1971), Error on choroplethic maps: Definition, measurement, reductions, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 61, 217 – 244.
Kampes B. M (2006), Radar Interferometry: Persistent Scatterer Technique. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Lanari, R., P. Lundgren, and E. Sansosti (1998), Dynamic deformation of Etna volcano observed by satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1541-1544.
Massonnet, D., and K. L. Feigl (1995), Discrimination of geophysical phenomena in satellite radar interferograms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1537-1540.
Massonnet, D., P. Briole, and A. Arnaud (1995), Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by spaceborne radar interferometry, Nature, 375, 567-570.
Mattia, M., D. Patane`, M. Aloisi, and M. Amore (2007), Faulting on the western flank of Mt Etna and magma intrusions in the shallow crust, Terra Nova, 19, 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00724.x.
Merle, O., and A. Borgia (1996), Scaled experiments of volcanic spreading, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 13805-13817.
Neri, M., V. Acocella, and B. Behncke (2004), The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mt. Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 417-430, doi: 10.1007/s00445-003-0322-x.
Neri, M, F. Guglielmino, and D. Rust (2007), Flank instability on Mount Etna: Radon, radar interferometry and geodetic data from the southwestern boundary of the unstable sector, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B04410, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004756.
Nunnari, G., and G. Puglisi (1994), The Global Positioning System as a useful technique for measuring ground deformations in volcanic areas, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 61, 267-280.
Onn, F., and H. A. Zebker (2006), Correction for interferometric synthetic aperture radar atmospheric phase artifacts using time series of zenith wet delay observations from a GPS network, J. Geophys. Res, 111, B09102, doi: 10.1029/2005JB004012.
Palano, M., M. Aloisi, M. Amore, A. Bonforte, F. Calvagna, M. Cantarero, O. Consoli, S. Consoli, F. Guglielmino, M. Mattia, B. Puglisi, and G. Puglisi (2006), Kinematics and strain analyses of the eastern segment of the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Italy) derived from geodetic techniques (1997-2005), Ann. Geophys., 49, 1105-1117.
Puglisi, G., A. Bonforte, and S.R. Maugeri (2001), Ground deformation patterns on Mount Etna, 1992 to 1994, inferred from GPS data, Bull. Volcanol., 62, 371-384.
Puglisi, G., and A. Bonforte (2004), Dynamics of Mount Etna Volcano inferred from static and kinematic GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B11404, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002878.
Puglisi, G., P. Briole, and A. Bonforte (2004), Twelve years of ground deformation studies on Mt. Etna volcano based on GPS surveys, in Etna Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso, S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro and S. Falsaperla, pp. 321-341, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Puglisi, G., A. Bonforte, A. Ferretti, F. Guglielmino, M. Palano, and C. Prati (2008), Dynamics of Mount Etna before, during and after the July-August 2001 eruption inferred from GPS and differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B06405, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004811.
Rust, D., and M. Neri (1996), The boundaries of large-scale collapse on the flanks of Mount Etna, Sicily, in Volcano instability on the Earth and other planets, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 110, edited by W. J. McGuire, A. P. Jones, and J. Neuberg, pp. 193-208.
Williams, S., Y. Bock, and P. Fang (1998), Integrated satellite interferometry: Tropospheric noise, GPS estimates and implications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar products, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27051-27067.
Zebker, H. A., and J. Villasenor (1992), Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes, IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 30, 950-959.
Zebker, H. A., P. A. Rosen, and S. Hensley (1997), Atmospheric effects in interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation and topographic maps, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7547-7563.
Type
article
File(s)
No Thumbnail Available
Name
Bonforte_et_al_G3_2011-PS.pdf
Size
3.15 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
666a0744f98c8dfeaca86150cd405c96