Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6813
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dc.contributor.authorallAlves da Silva, H.; Department of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.authorallCamargo, P.; Department of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.authorallGalera Monico, J. F.; Department of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.authorallAquino, M.; Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKen
dc.contributor.authorallMarques, H. A.; Department of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.authorallDe Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallDodson, A.; Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKen
dc.date.accessioned2011-01-20T16:18:38Zen
dc.date.available2011-01-20T16:18:38Zen
dc.date.issued2010-05-03en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2122/6813en
dc.description.abstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result. This paper takes advantage of the availability of specially designed GNSS receivers that provide parameters indicating the level of phase and amplitude scintillation on the signals, which therefore can be used to mitigate these effects through suitable improvements in the least squares stochastic model. The stochastic model considering ionospheric scintillation effects has been implemented following the approach described in Aquino et al. (2009), which is based on the computation of weights derived from the scintillation sensitive receiver tacking models of Conker et al. (2003). The methodology and algorithms to account for these effects in the stochastic model are described and results of experiments where GPS data were processed in both a relative and a point positioning mode are presented and discussed. Two programs have been developed to enable the analyses: GPSeq (currently under development at the FCT/UNESP Sao Paulo State University – Brazil) and PP_Sc (developed in a collaborative project between FCT/UNESP and Nottingham University – UK). The point positioning approach is based on an epoch by epoch solution, whereas the relative positioning on an accumulated solution using a Kalman Filter and the LAMBDA method to solve the Double Differences ambiguities. Additionally to the use of an improved stochastic model, all data processing in this paper were performed using an option implemented in both programs, to estimate, for each observable, an individual ionospheric parameter modelled as a stochastic process, using either the white noise or the random walk correlation models. Data from a network of GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) receivers set up in Northern Europe as part of the ISACCO project (De Franceschi et al., 2006) were used in the experiments. The point positioning results have shown improvements of the order of 45% in height accuracy when the proposed stochastic model is applied. In the static relative positioning, improvements of the order of 50%, also in height accuracy, have been reached under moderate to strong scintillation conditions. These and further results are discussed in this paper.en
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.publisher.nameElsevieren
dc.relation.ispartofAdvances in Space Researchen
dc.relation.ispartofseries9/45 (2010)en
dc.subjectGNSSen
dc.subjectGPSen
dc.subjectIonospheric scintillationen
dc.subjectReceiver tracking modelsen
dc.subjectStochastic modelen
dc.subjectRelative and point positioningen
dc.titleStochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioningen
dc.typearticleen
dc.description.statusPublisheden
dc.type.QualityControlPeer-revieweden
dc.description.pagenumber1113 - 1121en
dc.subject.INGV01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagationen
dc.subject.INGV01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillationsen
dc.subject.INGV04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Modelsen
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.asr.2009.10.009en
dc.relation.referencesAquino, M., Monico, J.F.G., Dodson, A.H., Marques, H.A., De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V., Andreotti, M. Improving the GNSS positioning stochastic model in the presence of ionospheric scintillation. Journal of Geodesy, in press. doi: 10.1007/s00190-009- 0313-6. Bock, Y., Gourevitch, S.A., Counselman III, C.C., King, R.W., Abbot, R.I. Interferometric analysis of GPS phase observations. Manuscripta Geodaetica 11, 282–288, 1986. Conker, R.S., El-Arini, M.B., Hegarty, C.J., Hsiao, T. Modeling the effects of ionospheric scintillation on GPS/satellite-based augmentation system availability. Radio Science 38 (1), 2003. De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V. ISACCO: an Italian project to monitor the high latitudes ionosphere by means of GPS receivers. GPS Solutions 18, 263–267, doi:10.1007/s10291-006-0036-6, 2006. Gelb, A., Kasper Jr., J.F., Nash Jr., R.A., Price, C.F., Sutherland Jr., A.A. Applied Optimal Estimation. The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 374p, 1974. Klobuchar, J.A. Ionospheric effects of GPS, in: Parkinson, B., Spilker, J. (Eds.), Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. 4th Printing, vol. 2. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. (Chapter 12), 1996. Liu, G. C. Ionosphere Weighted Global Positioning System Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution. M.Sc. Dissertation. Department of Geomatics Engineering – The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2001. Odijk, D. Fast Precise GPS Positioning in the Presence of Ionospheric Delays. Ph.D. Dissertation. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2002. Teunissen, P.J.G. GPS carrier ambiguity fixing concepts, in: Teunissen, P.J.G., Kleusberg, A. (Eds.), GPS for Geodesy, 2nd ed Springer- Verlag, Berlin, pp. 319–383, 1998. Van Dierendonck, A.J. Measuring ionospheric scintillation effects from GPS signals, in: Proceedings of 57th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, pp. 391–396, 2001. Van Dierendonck, A.J., Klobuchar, J., Hua, Q. Ionospheric scintillation monitoring using commercial single frequency C/A code receivers, in: Proceedings ION GPS-93: Sixth International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation. Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 1333–1342, 1993.en
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spazialeen
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambienteen
dc.description.journalTypeJCR Journalen
dc.description.fulltextrestricteden
dc.contributor.authorAlves da Silva, H.en
dc.contributor.authorCamargo, P.en
dc.contributor.authorGalera Monico, J. F.en
dc.contributor.authorAquino, M.en
dc.contributor.authorMarques, H. A.en
dc.contributor.authorDe Franceschi, G.en
dc.contributor.authorDodson, A.en
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKen
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazilen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKen
item.openairetypearticle-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.grantfulltextrestricted-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.author.deptDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil-
crisitem.author.deptDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil-
crisitem.author.deptInstitute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), Nottingham, UK-
crisitem.author.deptDepartment of Cartography, Sao Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen – 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptInstitute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) - University of Nottingham-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0003-2733-4716-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0002-3943-6798-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.classification.parent01. Atmosphere-
crisitem.classification.parent01. Atmosphere-
crisitem.classification.parent04. Solid Earth-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
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