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The feeding system of Agnano–Monte Spina eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy): Dragging the past into present activity and future scenarios
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/270 (2010)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
135–147
Issued date
2010
Abstract
Magmatic processes triggering eruptions at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) and their relationships
with the widespread emissions of fluids and caldera unrest episodes, are poorly constrained. The 4.1 ka B.P.
Agnano–Monte Spina eruption, the reference event for a future large-size explosive eruption at Campi
Flegrei, was investigated to shed light, through melt inclusion and isotope analyses, on the geochemical
processes operating in the plumbing system. Chemical and isotopic data on whole rocks and glasses suggest
that at least two magma batches mixed during the course of the eruption. Melt inclusion data highlight the
pre-eruption storage conditions of two magmatic end-members. One end-member is like the less
differentiated (shoshonitic) Campi Flegrei erupted magma, while the other could be a residual of the
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff magma. Mixing between these two components was driven by a large gas phase
which sustained the ascent of magmas of deep provenance. The H2O and CO2 contents in pyroxene-hosted
melt inclusions yield entrapment pressures between 107 and 211 MPa, corresponding to depths between 4
and 8 km. The degassing trends reveal two extreme patterns. One pattern, already documented in the
literature, is the volatile signature of poorly differentiated magmas ascending from more than 8 km depth,
while the other is related to a gas-dominated magma, flushed by a CO2-rich gas phase partly released from
the deep reservoir. This study provides a conceptual frame for unrest phases at Campi Flegrei, such as the
1982–84 event. Uplift phases can be related to closed-system ascent of magmas and fluids from more than
8 km depth, and their emplacement at shallow levels. This leads the shallow system to store, and then
progressively release, the accumulated gas. In this view, both unrest episodes and eruptions could be
strongly influenced by both the achievement of a critical upper limit of gas storage in the shallow magmatic
reservoir and the stress and fracturing state of the roof rocks. The present results help to constrain the preeruptive
conditions expected at Campi Flegrei caldera in case of a future large-size eruptive event.
with the widespread emissions of fluids and caldera unrest episodes, are poorly constrained. The 4.1 ka B.P.
Agnano–Monte Spina eruption, the reference event for a future large-size explosive eruption at Campi
Flegrei, was investigated to shed light, through melt inclusion and isotope analyses, on the geochemical
processes operating in the plumbing system. Chemical and isotopic data on whole rocks and glasses suggest
that at least two magma batches mixed during the course of the eruption. Melt inclusion data highlight the
pre-eruption storage conditions of two magmatic end-members. One end-member is like the less
differentiated (shoshonitic) Campi Flegrei erupted magma, while the other could be a residual of the
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff magma. Mixing between these two components was driven by a large gas phase
which sustained the ascent of magmas of deep provenance. The H2O and CO2 contents in pyroxene-hosted
melt inclusions yield entrapment pressures between 107 and 211 MPa, corresponding to depths between 4
and 8 km. The degassing trends reveal two extreme patterns. One pattern, already documented in the
literature, is the volatile signature of poorly differentiated magmas ascending from more than 8 km depth,
while the other is related to a gas-dominated magma, flushed by a CO2-rich gas phase partly released from
the deep reservoir. This study provides a conceptual frame for unrest phases at Campi Flegrei, such as the
1982–84 event. Uplift phases can be related to closed-system ascent of magmas and fluids from more than
8 km depth, and their emplacement at shallow levels. This leads the shallow system to store, and then
progressively release, the accumulated gas. In this view, both unrest episodes and eruptions could be
strongly influenced by both the achievement of a critical upper limit of gas storage in the shallow magmatic
reservoir and the stress and fracturing state of the roof rocks. The present results help to constrain the preeruptive
conditions expected at Campi Flegrei caldera in case of a future large-size eruptive event.
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system processes within the Campanian Ignimbrite (Campi Flegrei-Italy) magma
chamber. Bulletin of Volcanology 71 (3), 285–300. doi:10.1007/s00445-008-0223-0.
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brief chronicle of a volcano emergency in a densely populated area. Bulletin of
Volcanology 47 (2), 175–185.
Barsanti, M., Papale, P., Barbato, D., Moretti, R., Boschi, E., Hauri, E., Longo, A., 2009.
Heterogeneous large total CO2 abundance in the shallow magmatic system of
Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research 114, B12201.
doi:10.1029/2008JB006187.
Bianco, F., Del Pezzo, E., Saccorotti, G., Ventura, G., 2004. The role of hydrothermal fluids
in triggering the July–August 2000 seismic swarm at Campi Flegrei, Italy: evidence
from seismological and mesostructural data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 133, 229–246.
Blundy, J., Cashman, K., 2008. Petrologic reconstruction of magmatic systems variables
and processes. In: Putirka, K.D., Tepley, F.J. (Eds.), Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic
Processes, vol. 69, pp. 179–239.
Bohrson, W.A., Spera, F.J., Fowler, S.J., Belkin, H.E., De Vivo, B., Rolandi, G., 2006.
Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: implications for crystal–melt separation
and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data. In:
DeVivo, B. (Ed.), Volcanism in the Campania Plain: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and
Ignimbrites. Developments in Volcanology, vol. 9, pp. 249–288.
Caliro, S., Chiodini, G., Moretti, R., Avino, R., Granieri, D., Russo, M., Fiebig, J., 2007. The
origin of the fumaroles of La Solfatara (Campi Flegrei, South Italy). Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta 71 (12), 3040–3055.
Cannatelli, C., Lima, A., Bodnar, R.J., De Vivo, B., Webster, J.D., Fedele, L., 2007.
Geochemistry of melt inclusions from the Fondo Riccio and Minopoli 1 eruptions at
Campi Flegrei (Italy). Chemical Geology 237 (3–4), 418–432.Casertano, L., Oliveri, A., Quagliariello, M.T., 1977. Hydrodynamics and geodynamics in
the Phlegrean Fields area of Italy. Nature 264, 161–164.
Chiarabba, C., Moretti, M., 2006. An insight into the unrest phenomena at the Campi
Flegrei caldera from Vp and Vp/Vs tomography. Terra Nova 18 (6), 373–379.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Cardellini, C., Granieri, D., Marini, L., Ventura, G., 2001. CO2
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