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DIAS Effective Sunspot Number as an Indicator of the Ionospheric Activity Level over Europe
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
3 / 58 (2010)
Publisher
Versita - Springer Verlag
Pages (printed)
491-512
Issued date
June 2010
Abstract
DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server) effective sunspot
number – R12eff was recently introduced as a proxy of the ionospheric
conditions over Europe for regional ionospheric mapping
purposes. Although a pre-processing step for the real-time update of the
Simplified Ionospheric Regional Model (SIRM) to real-time conditions,
R12eff is available in real time by DIAS system (http://dias.space.noa.gr)
for independent operational use. In this paper we discuss the efficiency
of R12eff to specify ionospheric conditions over Europe. For this purpose,
the diurnal R12eff’s reference pattern was determined on monthly
basis and for different solar cycle phases. The deviation of the real-time
R12eff estimates from the reference values, ΔR12eff was found to be
highly correlated with the foF2 storm-time disturbances, especially during
large scale effects indicating that DIAS-R12eff can provide a reliable
estimator of the ionospheric activity level over a substantial part of Europe
and a powerful tool for ionospheric specification applications.
number – R12eff was recently introduced as a proxy of the ionospheric
conditions over Europe for regional ionospheric mapping
purposes. Although a pre-processing step for the real-time update of the
Simplified Ionospheric Regional Model (SIRM) to real-time conditions,
R12eff is available in real time by DIAS system (http://dias.space.noa.gr)
for independent operational use. In this paper we discuss the efficiency
of R12eff to specify ionospheric conditions over Europe. For this purpose,
the diurnal R12eff’s reference pattern was determined on monthly
basis and for different solar cycle phases. The deviation of the real-time
R12eff estimates from the reference values, ΔR12eff was found to be
highly correlated with the foF2 storm-time disturbances, especially during
large scale effects indicating that DIAS-R12eff can provide a reliable
estimator of the ionospheric activity level over a substantial part of Europe
and a powerful tool for ionospheric specification applications.
References
Belehaki, A., L.R. Cander, B. Zolesi, J. Bremer, C. Juren, I. Stanisławska,
D. Dialetis, and M. Hatzopoulos (2005), DIAS Project: The establishment
of a European digital upper atmosphere server, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
67, 12, 1092-1099, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.02.021.
Belehaki, A., L.R. Cander, B. Zolesi, J. Bremer, C. Juren, I. Stanisławska,
D. Dialetis, and M. Hatzopoulos (2006), Monitoring and forecasting the
ionosphere over Europe: The DIAS Project, Space Weather 4, S12002,
DOI: 10.1029/2006SW000270.
Bilitza, D. (2001), International Reference Ionosphere 2000, Radio Sci. 36, 2, 261-
275, DOI: 10.1029/2000RS002432.Bradley, P.A. (1993), Indices of ionospheric response to solar-cycle epoch, Adv.
Space Res. 13, 3, 25-28, DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90242-4.
Caruana, J. (1990), The IPS monthly T index. In: Solar-Terrestrial Prediction:
Proc. Workshop at Leura, Australia, October 16-20, 1989, 257-263.
CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) (1991), Atlas of ionospheric
characteristics, Rep. 340-6, Int. Telcommun. Union, Geneva.
CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) (1978), Atlas of ionospheric
characteristics, CCIR Rep. 340-3, Int. Telcommun. Union, Geneva.
Houminer, Z., J.A. Bennett, and P.L. Dyson (1993), Real-time ionospheric model
updating, J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 13, 2, 99-104.
Liu, R.Y., P.A. Smith, and J.W. King (1983), A new solar index which leads to improve
foF2 predictions using the CCIR Atlas, Telecommun. J. 50, 408-414.
McNamara, L.F. (1991), The Ionosphere: Communications, Surveillance and Direction
Finding, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 237 pp.
Mikhailov, A.V., and V.V. Mikhailov (1995), A new ionospheric index MF2, Adv.
Space Res. 15, 2, 93-97, DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)80029-5.
Minnis, C.M. (1955), A new index of solar activity based on ionospheric measurements,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 7, 310-321, DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(55)
90136-7.
Minnis, C.M., and G.H. Bazzard (1960), A monthly ionospheric index of solar activity
based on F2-layer ionization at eleven stations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 18,
4, 297-305, DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(60)90113-6.
Muhtarov, P., I. Kutiev, and L. Cander (2002), Geomagnetically correlated autoregression
model for short-term prediction of ionospheric parameters,
Inverse Probl. 18, 1, 49-65, DOI: 10.1088/0266-5611/18/1/304.
Secan, J.A., and P.J. Wilkinson (1997), Statistical studies of an effective sunspot
number, Radio Sci. 32, 4, 1717-1724, DOI: 10.1029/97RS01350.
Thompson, R., and S. Wulff (1993), Regressions between solar indices and the IPS
ionospheric T index. In: J. Hruska, M.A. Shea, D.F. Smart, and
G. Heckman (eds.), Solar-Terrestrial Predictions - IV: Proceedings of a
Workshop at Ottawa, Canada, May 18-22, 1992, NOAA, Environmental
Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, 3, 579-584.
Tsagouri, I., B. Zolesi, A. Belehaki, and L.R. Cander (2005), Evaluation of the performance
of the real-time updated simplified ionospheric regional model
for the European area, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 67, 12, 1137-1146, DOI:
10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.012.
Turner, J.F. (1968), The development of the ionospheric index T, IPS Series_R Report
R11.
Zolesi, B., L.R. Cander, and G. De Franceschi (1993), Simplified ionospheric regional
model for telecommunication applications, Radio Sci. 28, 4, 603-
612, DOI: 10.1029/93RS00276.Zolesi, B., L.R. Cander, and G. De Franceschi (1996), On the potential applicability
of the simplified ionospheric regional model to different midlatitude areas,
Radio Sci. 31, 3, 547-552, DOI: 10.1029/95RS03817.
Zolesi, B., A. Belehaki, I. Tsagouri, and L.R. Cander (2004), Real-time updating of
the Simplified Ionospheric Regional Model for operational applications,
Radio Sci. 39, RS2011, DOI: 10.1029/2003RS002936.
D. Dialetis, and M. Hatzopoulos (2005), DIAS Project: The establishment
of a European digital upper atmosphere server, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
67, 12, 1092-1099, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.02.021.
Belehaki, A., L.R. Cander, B. Zolesi, J. Bremer, C. Juren, I. Stanisławska,
D. Dialetis, and M. Hatzopoulos (2006), Monitoring and forecasting the
ionosphere over Europe: The DIAS Project, Space Weather 4, S12002,
DOI: 10.1029/2006SW000270.
Bilitza, D. (2001), International Reference Ionosphere 2000, Radio Sci. 36, 2, 261-
275, DOI: 10.1029/2000RS002432.Bradley, P.A. (1993), Indices of ionospheric response to solar-cycle epoch, Adv.
Space Res. 13, 3, 25-28, DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90242-4.
Caruana, J. (1990), The IPS monthly T index. In: Solar-Terrestrial Prediction:
Proc. Workshop at Leura, Australia, October 16-20, 1989, 257-263.
CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) (1991), Atlas of ionospheric
characteristics, Rep. 340-6, Int. Telcommun. Union, Geneva.
CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) (1978), Atlas of ionospheric
characteristics, CCIR Rep. 340-3, Int. Telcommun. Union, Geneva.
Houminer, Z., J.A. Bennett, and P.L. Dyson (1993), Real-time ionospheric model
updating, J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 13, 2, 99-104.
Liu, R.Y., P.A. Smith, and J.W. King (1983), A new solar index which leads to improve
foF2 predictions using the CCIR Atlas, Telecommun. J. 50, 408-414.
McNamara, L.F. (1991), The Ionosphere: Communications, Surveillance and Direction
Finding, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 237 pp.
Mikhailov, A.V., and V.V. Mikhailov (1995), A new ionospheric index MF2, Adv.
Space Res. 15, 2, 93-97, DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)80029-5.
Minnis, C.M. (1955), A new index of solar activity based on ionospheric measurements,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 7, 310-321, DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(55)
90136-7.
Minnis, C.M., and G.H. Bazzard (1960), A monthly ionospheric index of solar activity
based on F2-layer ionization at eleven stations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 18,
4, 297-305, DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(60)90113-6.
Muhtarov, P., I. Kutiev, and L. Cander (2002), Geomagnetically correlated autoregression
model for short-term prediction of ionospheric parameters,
Inverse Probl. 18, 1, 49-65, DOI: 10.1088/0266-5611/18/1/304.
Secan, J.A., and P.J. Wilkinson (1997), Statistical studies of an effective sunspot
number, Radio Sci. 32, 4, 1717-1724, DOI: 10.1029/97RS01350.
Thompson, R., and S. Wulff (1993), Regressions between solar indices and the IPS
ionospheric T index. In: J. Hruska, M.A. Shea, D.F. Smart, and
G. Heckman (eds.), Solar-Terrestrial Predictions - IV: Proceedings of a
Workshop at Ottawa, Canada, May 18-22, 1992, NOAA, Environmental
Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, 3, 579-584.
Tsagouri, I., B. Zolesi, A. Belehaki, and L.R. Cander (2005), Evaluation of the performance
of the real-time updated simplified ionospheric regional model
for the European area, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 67, 12, 1137-1146, DOI:
10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.012.
Turner, J.F. (1968), The development of the ionospheric index T, IPS Series_R Report
R11.
Zolesi, B., L.R. Cander, and G. De Franceschi (1993), Simplified ionospheric regional
model for telecommunication applications, Radio Sci. 28, 4, 603-
612, DOI: 10.1029/93RS00276.Zolesi, B., L.R. Cander, and G. De Franceschi (1996), On the potential applicability
of the simplified ionospheric regional model to different midlatitude areas,
Radio Sci. 31, 3, 547-552, DOI: 10.1029/95RS03817.
Zolesi, B., A. Belehaki, I. Tsagouri, and L.R. Cander (2004), Real-time updating of
the Simplified Ionospheric Regional Model for operational applications,
Radio Sci. 39, RS2011, DOI: 10.1029/2003RS002936.
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