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Statistical analysis reveals spatial and temporal anomalies of soil CO2 efflux on Mount
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/194(2010)
Publisher
Elsevier, Amsterdam
Pages (printed)
1-14
Issued date
2010
Abstract
Extensive geochemical surveys were carried out on the Western flank of Mt. Etna volcano for the
determination of soil CO2 effluxes, in order to study the relationship between soil gas anomalies, faults and
volcanic activity. The areas of Santa Maria di Licodia (SML) and W-Rift (WR) were selected, because of their
importance within the volcano-tectonic framework of Etna. Two gas surveys were performed in each area in
different periods (November 2005 and May 2006 in SML, September 2007 and June 2008 in WR), with 2140
measurements in total. In each survey, data were log-normally distributed and were statistically different
from the other surveys, therefore their standard normal form was used to compare them. Log probability
plots revealed five populations of data in each survey, due to varying degrees of mixing between biogenic
and magmatic CO2, and indicated anomalous CO2 effluxes for values N36 g m−2 d−1. Magmatic output was
39.2 t d−1 in November 2005, 15.8 t d−1 in May 2006, 98.4 t d−1 in September 2007 and 234.1t d−1 in June
2008. Natural Neighbor interpolation of standardized data produced distribution maps that showed some
clustering of anomalous values along directions possibly related to hidden faults compatible with volcanic or
regional structural trends. Analysis of magmatic CO2 emissions in time suggested a possible influence from
seasonal variations, but comparison with volcanic activity of Etna also indicated a volcanic influence
accompanying the 2008–2009 flank eruption.
determination of soil CO2 effluxes, in order to study the relationship between soil gas anomalies, faults and
volcanic activity. The areas of Santa Maria di Licodia (SML) and W-Rift (WR) were selected, because of their
importance within the volcano-tectonic framework of Etna. Two gas surveys were performed in each area in
different periods (November 2005 and May 2006 in SML, September 2007 and June 2008 in WR), with 2140
measurements in total. In each survey, data were log-normally distributed and were statistically different
from the other surveys, therefore their standard normal form was used to compare them. Log probability
plots revealed five populations of data in each survey, due to varying degrees of mixing between biogenic
and magmatic CO2, and indicated anomalous CO2 effluxes for values N36 g m−2 d−1. Magmatic output was
39.2 t d−1 in November 2005, 15.8 t d−1 in May 2006, 98.4 t d−1 in September 2007 and 234.1t d−1 in June
2008. Natural Neighbor interpolation of standardized data produced distribution maps that showed some
clustering of anomalous values along directions possibly related to hidden faults compatible with volcanic or
regional structural trends. Analysis of magmatic CO2 emissions in time suggested a possible influence from
seasonal variations, but comparison with volcanic activity of Etna also indicated a volcanic influence
accompanying the 2008–2009 flank eruption.
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Magmatic gas leakage at Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy): relationships with the volcanotectonic
structures, thehydrological pattern and theeruptive activity. In:Bonaccorso,A.,
Calvari, S., Coltelli, M., Del Negro, C., Falsaperla, S. (Eds.), Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory.
American Geophysical Union,Washington, DC, pp. 129–145. doi:10.1029/143GM09.
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Aloisi,M., Bonaccorso, A., Cannavo`, F., Gambino, S.,Mattia, M., Puglisi,G., Boschi, E., 2009.A
new dyke intrusion style for the Mount Etna May 2008 eruption modelled through
continuous tilt and GPS data. Terra Nova 1–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00889.x.
Andronico, D., Cristaldi, A., Scollo, S., 2008. The 4–5 September 2007 lava fountain at
South–East Crater of Mt Etna, Italy. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 173, 325–328.
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.004.
Angell, R.F., Svejcar, T., Bates, J., Saliendra, N.Z., Johnson, D.A., 2001. Bowen ratio and closed
chamber carbon dioxide flux measurements over sagebrush steppe vegetation. Agric.
For. Meteorol. 108 (2), 153–161.
Azzaro, R., Branca, S., Giammanco, S., Gurrieri, S., Rasà, R., Valenza, M., 1998. New
evidence for the form and extent of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt. Etna) from
structural and soil–gas surveying. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 84, 143–152.
Badalamenti, B., Bruno, N., Caltabiano, T., Di Gangi, F., Giammanco, S., Salerno, G., 2004.
Continuous soil CO2 and discrete plume SO2 measurements at Mt. Etna (Italy) during
1997–2000: a contribution to volcano monitoring. Bull. Volcanol. 66, 80–89.
doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0305-y.
Behncke, B., 2004. Late Pliocene volcanic island growth and flood basalt-like lava
emplacement in the Hyblean Mountains (SE Sicily). J. Geophys. Res. 109, B09201.
doi:10.1029/2003JB002937.
Behncke, B., 2009. Hazards frompyroclastic density currents atM. Etna (Italy). J. Volcanol.
Geoth. Res. 180, 148–160. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.09.021.
Behncke, B., Calvari, S., Giammanco, S., Neri, M., Pinkerton, H., 2008. Pyroclastic density
currents resulting from the interaction of basaltic magma with hydrothermally
altered rock: an example from the 2006 summit eruption of Mount Etna, Italy. Bull.
Volcanol. 70, 1249–1268. doi:10.1007/s00445-008-0200-7.
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