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Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy)
Author(s)
EMERGEO Working Group, .
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1/22 (2010)
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Pages (printed)
43-51
Issued date
February 2010
Last version
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5639
Abstract
An earthquake of Mw = 6.3 struck L Aquila town (central Italy) on 6 April 2009 rupturing an ~18-km-long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on 7 and 9 April and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1m maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°–140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent and small surface displacement of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of palaeo-earthquakes along faults in the area put the faulting associated with the L' Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude and the regional seismic hazard.
References
Akinci, A., Galadini, F., Pantosti, D.,
Petersen, M., Malagnini, L. and Perkins,
D., 2009. Effect of time dependence on
probabilistic seismic-hazard maps and
deaggregation for the central Apennines,
Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 99, 585–
610. Doi:10.1785/0120080053.
Anzidei, M., Boschi, E., Cannelli, V.,
Devoti, R., Esposito, A., Galvani, A.,
Melini, D., Pietrantonio, G., Riguzzi, F.,
Sepe, V. and Serpelloni, E., 2009.
Coseismic deformation of the destructive
April 6, 2009 L Aquila earthquake
(central Italy) from GPS data. Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, L17307. Doi:10.1029/
2009GL039145.
Atzori, S., Hunstad, I., Chini, M., Salvi, S.,
Tolomei, C., Bignami, C., Stramondo,
S., Trasatti, E. and Antonioli, A., 2009.
Finite fault inversion of DInSAR coseismic
displacement of the 2009 L Aquila
earthquake (central Italy). Geophys. Res.
Lett., 36, L15305. Doi:10.1029/
2009GL039293.
Bagnaia, R., D Epifanio, A. and Sylos
Labini, S., 1992. Aquila and sub-aequan
basins: an example of Quaternary evolution
in central Apennines, Italy. Quat.
Nova, II, 187–209.
Barchi, M., Galadini, F., Lavecchia, G.,
Messina, P., Michetti, A.M., Peruzza, L.,
Pizzi, A. and Tondi, E. (eds), 2000. Sintesi
delle conoscenze sulle faglie attive in
Italia Centrale: parametrizzazione ai fini
della caratterizzazione della pericolosita`
sismica. GNDT, Gruppo Nazionale per
la Difesa di terremoti, Special Publication,
Roma, 62 pp.
Boncio, P., Lavecchia, G. and Pace, B.,
2004. Defining a model of 3D seismogenic
sources for Seismic Hazard
Assessment applications: the case of
central Apennines (Italy). J. Seismol.,
8 ⁄ 3, 407–425.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Anselmi, M.,
Baccheschi, P., Bianchi, I., Cattaneo,
M., Cecere, G., Chiaraluce, L., Ciaccio,
M.G., De Gori, P., De Luca, G., Di
Bona, M., Di Stefano, R., Faenza, L.,
Govoni, A., Improta, L., Lucente, F.P.,
Marchetti, A., Margheriti, L., Mele, F.,
Michelini, A., Monachesi, G., Moretti,
M., Pastori, M., Piana Agostinetti, N.,
Piccinini, D., Roselli, P., Seccia, D. and
Valoroso, L., 2009. The 2009 L Aquila
(central Italy) Mw6.3 earthquake: main
shock and aftershocks. Geophys. Res.
Lett., 36, L18308. Doi:101029/
2009GL039627.
Cinti, F.R., Faenza, L., Marzocchi, W. and
Montone, P., 2004. Probability map of
the next large earthquakes in Italy. G
Cubed, 5, 1. Doi:10.1029/
2004GC000724.
Cipollari, P. and Cosentino, D., 1995.
Miocene unconformities in the Central
Apennines: geodynamic significance and
sedimentary basin evolution. Tectonophysics,
252, 375–389.
Cirella, A., Piatanesi, A., Cocco, M., Tinti,
E., Scognamiglio, L., Michelini, A.,
Lomax, A. and Boschi, E., 2009. Rupture
history of the 2009 L Aquila (Italy)
earthquake from non-linear joint inversion
of strong motion and GPS data.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19304.
Doi:10.1029/2009GL039795.
CPTI WORKING Group, 2004. Catalogo
Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione
2004 (CPTI04). INGV, Bologna.
Available at: http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/
CPTI04/.
D Agostino, N., Mantenuto, S., D Anastasio,
E., Avallone, A., Barchi, M.,
Collettini, C., Radicioni, F., Stoppini, A.
and Fastellini, G., 2008. Contemporary
crustal extension in the Umbria– Marche
Apennines from regional CGPS networks
and comparison between geodetic
and seismic deformation. Tectonophysics,
476, 1–2, 3–12. Doi:10.1016/j.tecto.
2008.09.033.
Emergeo Working Group, 2009. Field
geological survey in the epicentral area
of the Abruzzi (central Italy) seismic
sequence of April 6th, 2009. Quad. Geofis.,
70. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia, ISSN 1590-2595. Available
at: http://portale.ingv.it/produzionescientifica/
quaderni-di-geofisica/
quaderni-di-geofisica-2009.
Foglio CARG 1:50,000, 2009. Cartografia
Geologica Ufficiale. Foglio CARG
1:50,000 N. 359, L Aquila.
Galadini, F. and Galli, P., 2000. Active
tectonics in the Central Apennines
(Italy)-input data for Seismic Hazard
Assessment. Nat. Hazards, 22, 225–
270.
Galadini, F., Meletti, C. and Rebez, A.
(eds), 2000. Le ricerche del GNDT nel
campo della pericolosita` sismica (1996–
1999). CNR-Gruppo Nazionale per la
Difesa dai Terremoti, Roma, 397 pp.
Galadini, F., Galli, P. and Moro, M., 2003.
Paleoseismology of silent faults in the
Central Apennines (Italy): the Campo
Imperatore Fault (Gran Sasso Range
Fault System). Ann. Geophys., 46, 793–
813.
Galli, P., Galadini, F., Moro, M. and
Giraudi, C., 2002. New paleoseismological
data from the Gran Sasso d Italia
area (central Apennines). Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29, 38.1–38.4. Doi:10.1029/
2001GL013292.
Galli, P., Galadini, F. and Pantosti, D.,
2008. Twenty years of paleoseismology
in Italy. Earth Sci. Rev., 88, 89–117.
Doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.01.001.
Ghisetti, F. and Vezzani, L., 1999. Depth
and modes of Pliocene–Pleistocene crustal
extension of the Apennines (Italy).
Terra Nova, 11, 67–72.
Gruppo di Lavoro M.P.S., 2004. Redazione
della mappa di pericolosita` sismica prevista
dall Ordinanza PCM del 20 marzo
2003. Rapporto Conclusivo per il Dipartimento
della Protezione Civile,
INGV, Milano ⁄Roma, Aprile 2004, 65
pp. + 5 appendici. Available at: http://
zonesismiche.mi.ingv.it/.
Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.,
Menichetti, M. and Keller, J.V.A., 1994.
Seismotectonic zoning in east-central
Italy deduced from an analysis of the
Neogene to present deformations and
related stress fields. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
106, 1107–1120.
Meletti, C., Patacca, E. and Scandone, P.,
2000. Construction of a seismotectonic
model: the case of Italy. Pure Appl.
Geophys., 157, 11–35.
Montone, P., Mariucci, M.T., Pondrelli, S.
and Amato, A., 2004. An improved
stress map for Italy and surrounding
regions (central Mediterranean).
J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10410.
Doi:10.1029/2003JB002703.
Pace, B., Peruzza, L., Lavecchia, G. and
Boncio, P., 2006. Layered seismogenic
source model and probabilistic seismichazard
analyses in central Italy. Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 96, 107–132.
Pantosti, D., D Addezio, G. and Cinti,
F.R., 1996. Paleoseismicity of the
Ovindoli-Pezza fault, central Apennines,
Italy: a history including a large,
previously unrecorded earthquake in the
Middle Ages (860–1300 A.D.).
J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B3) 5937–5959.
Patacca, E. and Scandone, P., 1989. Post-
Tortonian mountain building in the
Apennines; the role of the passive sinking of a relic lithospheric slab. In: The
Lithosphere in Italy. Advances in Earth
Science Research (A. Boriani, M.
Bonafede, G.B. Piccardo and G.B. Vai,
eds). Atti Conv. Lincei, 80, 157–176.
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Morelli, A.,
Ekstro¨ m, G., Olivieri, M. and Boschi, E.,
2009. Seismic moment tensors of the
April 2009, L Aquila (Central Italy),
earthquake sequence. Geophys. J. Int.
Doi:10.111/j.1365-246X.2009.04418.x.
(in press).
Salvi, S., Cinti, F.R., Colini, L., D Addezio,
G., Doumaz, F. and Pettinelli, E.,
2003. Investigation of the active Celano–
L Aquila fault system, Abruzzi. Geophys.
J. Int., 155, 805–818.
Speranza, F., Adamoli, L., Maniscalco, R.
and Florindo, F., 2003. Genesis and
evolution of a curved mountain front:
paleomagnetic and geological evidence
from the Gran Sasso range (central
Apennines, Italy). Tectonophysics, 362,
183–197.
Vezzani, L. and Ghisetti, F., 1998. Carta
Geologica dell Abruzzo, Scala 1:100,000.
S.EL.CA., Firenze.
Petersen, M., Malagnini, L. and Perkins,
D., 2009. Effect of time dependence on
probabilistic seismic-hazard maps and
deaggregation for the central Apennines,
Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 99, 585–
610. Doi:10.1785/0120080053.
Anzidei, M., Boschi, E., Cannelli, V.,
Devoti, R., Esposito, A., Galvani, A.,
Melini, D., Pietrantonio, G., Riguzzi, F.,
Sepe, V. and Serpelloni, E., 2009.
Coseismic deformation of the destructive
April 6, 2009 L Aquila earthquake
(central Italy) from GPS data. Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, L17307. Doi:10.1029/
2009GL039145.
Atzori, S., Hunstad, I., Chini, M., Salvi, S.,
Tolomei, C., Bignami, C., Stramondo,
S., Trasatti, E. and Antonioli, A., 2009.
Finite fault inversion of DInSAR coseismic
displacement of the 2009 L Aquila
earthquake (central Italy). Geophys. Res.
Lett., 36, L15305. Doi:10.1029/
2009GL039293.
Bagnaia, R., D Epifanio, A. and Sylos
Labini, S., 1992. Aquila and sub-aequan
basins: an example of Quaternary evolution
in central Apennines, Italy. Quat.
Nova, II, 187–209.
Barchi, M., Galadini, F., Lavecchia, G.,
Messina, P., Michetti, A.M., Peruzza, L.,
Pizzi, A. and Tondi, E. (eds), 2000. Sintesi
delle conoscenze sulle faglie attive in
Italia Centrale: parametrizzazione ai fini
della caratterizzazione della pericolosita`
sismica. GNDT, Gruppo Nazionale per
la Difesa di terremoti, Special Publication,
Roma, 62 pp.
Boncio, P., Lavecchia, G. and Pace, B.,
2004. Defining a model of 3D seismogenic
sources for Seismic Hazard
Assessment applications: the case of
central Apennines (Italy). J. Seismol.,
8 ⁄ 3, 407–425.
Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Anselmi, M.,
Baccheschi, P., Bianchi, I., Cattaneo,
M., Cecere, G., Chiaraluce, L., Ciaccio,
M.G., De Gori, P., De Luca, G., Di
Bona, M., Di Stefano, R., Faenza, L.,
Govoni, A., Improta, L., Lucente, F.P.,
Marchetti, A., Margheriti, L., Mele, F.,
Michelini, A., Monachesi, G., Moretti,
M., Pastori, M., Piana Agostinetti, N.,
Piccinini, D., Roselli, P., Seccia, D. and
Valoroso, L., 2009. The 2009 L Aquila
(central Italy) Mw6.3 earthquake: main
shock and aftershocks. Geophys. Res.
Lett., 36, L18308. Doi:101029/
2009GL039627.
Cinti, F.R., Faenza, L., Marzocchi, W. and
Montone, P., 2004. Probability map of
the next large earthquakes in Italy. G
Cubed, 5, 1. Doi:10.1029/
2004GC000724.
Cipollari, P. and Cosentino, D., 1995.
Miocene unconformities in the Central
Apennines: geodynamic significance and
sedimentary basin evolution. Tectonophysics,
252, 375–389.
Cirella, A., Piatanesi, A., Cocco, M., Tinti,
E., Scognamiglio, L., Michelini, A.,
Lomax, A. and Boschi, E., 2009. Rupture
history of the 2009 L Aquila (Italy)
earthquake from non-linear joint inversion
of strong motion and GPS data.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19304.
Doi:10.1029/2009GL039795.
CPTI WORKING Group, 2004. Catalogo
Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione
2004 (CPTI04). INGV, Bologna.
Available at: http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/
CPTI04/.
D Agostino, N., Mantenuto, S., D Anastasio,
E., Avallone, A., Barchi, M.,
Collettini, C., Radicioni, F., Stoppini, A.
and Fastellini, G., 2008. Contemporary
crustal extension in the Umbria– Marche
Apennines from regional CGPS networks
and comparison between geodetic
and seismic deformation. Tectonophysics,
476, 1–2, 3–12. Doi:10.1016/j.tecto.
2008.09.033.
Emergeo Working Group, 2009. Field
geological survey in the epicentral area
of the Abruzzi (central Italy) seismic
sequence of April 6th, 2009. Quad. Geofis.,
70. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia, ISSN 1590-2595. Available
at: http://portale.ingv.it/produzionescientifica/
quaderni-di-geofisica/
quaderni-di-geofisica-2009.
Foglio CARG 1:50,000, 2009. Cartografia
Geologica Ufficiale. Foglio CARG
1:50,000 N. 359, L Aquila.
Galadini, F. and Galli, P., 2000. Active
tectonics in the Central Apennines
(Italy)-input data for Seismic Hazard
Assessment. Nat. Hazards, 22, 225–
270.
Galadini, F., Meletti, C. and Rebez, A.
(eds), 2000. Le ricerche del GNDT nel
campo della pericolosita` sismica (1996–
1999). CNR-Gruppo Nazionale per la
Difesa dai Terremoti, Roma, 397 pp.
Galadini, F., Galli, P. and Moro, M., 2003.
Paleoseismology of silent faults in the
Central Apennines (Italy): the Campo
Imperatore Fault (Gran Sasso Range
Fault System). Ann. Geophys., 46, 793–
813.
Galli, P., Galadini, F., Moro, M. and
Giraudi, C., 2002. New paleoseismological
data from the Gran Sasso d Italia
area (central Apennines). Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29, 38.1–38.4. Doi:10.1029/
2001GL013292.
Galli, P., Galadini, F. and Pantosti, D.,
2008. Twenty years of paleoseismology
in Italy. Earth Sci. Rev., 88, 89–117.
Doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.01.001.
Ghisetti, F. and Vezzani, L., 1999. Depth
and modes of Pliocene–Pleistocene crustal
extension of the Apennines (Italy).
Terra Nova, 11, 67–72.
Gruppo di Lavoro M.P.S., 2004. Redazione
della mappa di pericolosita` sismica prevista
dall Ordinanza PCM del 20 marzo
2003. Rapporto Conclusivo per il Dipartimento
della Protezione Civile,
INGV, Milano ⁄Roma, Aprile 2004, 65
pp. + 5 appendici. Available at: http://
zonesismiche.mi.ingv.it/.
Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.,
Menichetti, M. and Keller, J.V.A., 1994.
Seismotectonic zoning in east-central
Italy deduced from an analysis of the
Neogene to present deformations and
related stress fields. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
106, 1107–1120.
Meletti, C., Patacca, E. and Scandone, P.,
2000. Construction of a seismotectonic
model: the case of Italy. Pure Appl.
Geophys., 157, 11–35.
Montone, P., Mariucci, M.T., Pondrelli, S.
and Amato, A., 2004. An improved
stress map for Italy and surrounding
regions (central Mediterranean).
J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10410.
Doi:10.1029/2003JB002703.
Pace, B., Peruzza, L., Lavecchia, G. and
Boncio, P., 2006. Layered seismogenic
source model and probabilistic seismichazard
analyses in central Italy. Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 96, 107–132.
Pantosti, D., D Addezio, G. and Cinti,
F.R., 1996. Paleoseismicity of the
Ovindoli-Pezza fault, central Apennines,
Italy: a history including a large,
previously unrecorded earthquake in the
Middle Ages (860–1300 A.D.).
J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B3) 5937–5959.
Patacca, E. and Scandone, P., 1989. Post-
Tortonian mountain building in the
Apennines; the role of the passive sinking of a relic lithospheric slab. In: The
Lithosphere in Italy. Advances in Earth
Science Research (A. Boriani, M.
Bonafede, G.B. Piccardo and G.B. Vai,
eds). Atti Conv. Lincei, 80, 157–176.
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Morelli, A.,
Ekstro¨ m, G., Olivieri, M. and Boschi, E.,
2009. Seismic moment tensors of the
April 2009, L Aquila (Central Italy),
earthquake sequence. Geophys. J. Int.
Doi:10.111/j.1365-246X.2009.04418.x.
(in press).
Salvi, S., Cinti, F.R., Colini, L., D Addezio,
G., Doumaz, F. and Pettinelli, E.,
2003. Investigation of the active Celano–
L Aquila fault system, Abruzzi. Geophys.
J. Int., 155, 805–818.
Speranza, F., Adamoli, L., Maniscalco, R.
and Florindo, F., 2003. Genesis and
evolution of a curved mountain front:
paleomagnetic and geological evidence
from the Gran Sasso range (central
Apennines, Italy). Tectonophysics, 362,
183–197.
Vezzani, L. and Ghisetti, F., 1998. Carta
Geologica dell Abruzzo, Scala 1:100,000.
S.EL.CA., Firenze.
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