Ocean stat estimation for climate research

Abstract

Spurred by the sustained operation and new development of satellite and in-situ observing systems, global ocean state estimation efforts that gear towards climate applications have flourished in the past decade. A hierarchy of estimation methods is being used to routinely synthesize various observations with global ocean models. Many of the estimation products are available through public data servers. There have been an increasingly large number of applications of these products for a wide range of research topics in physical oceanography as well as other disciplines. These studies often provide important feedback for observing systems design. This white paper describes the approaches used by these estimation systems in synthesizing observations and model dynamics, highlights the applications of their products for climate research, and addresses the challenges ahead in relation to the observing systems. Additional applications to study climate variability using an ensemble of state estimation products are described also by a white paper by Stammer et al.