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Petrology of lavas from the 2004–2005 flank eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: inferences on the dynamics of magma in the shallow plumbing system
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/71(2009)
Publisher
Springer
Pages (printed)
781–793
Issued date
2009
Abstract
Following the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions,
activity resumed at Mt. Etna on 7 September 2004
and lasted for about 6 months. This paper presents new
petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotope
data from sequential samples collected during the entire
2004–2005 eruption. The progressive change of lava
composition allowed defining three phases that correspond
to different processes controlling magma dynamics inside
the central volcano conduits. The compositional variability
of products erupted up to 24 September is well reproduced
by a fractional crystallization model that involves magma
already stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003
eruption. The progressive mixing of this magma with a
distinct new one rising within the central conduits is clearly
revealed by the composition of the products erupted from
24 September to 15 October. After 15 October, the
contribution from the new magma gradually becomes
predominant, and the efficiency of the mixing process ensures the emission of homogeneous products up to the end
of the eruption. Our results give insights into the complex
conditions of magma storage and evolution in the shallow
plumbing system of Mt. Etna during a flank eruption.
Furthermore, they confirm that the 2004–2005 activity at
Etna was triggered by regional movements of the eastern
flank of the volcano. They caused the opening of a complex
fracture zone extending ESE which drained a magma stored
at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. This process
favored the ascent of a different magma in the central
conduits, which began to be erupted on 24 September
without any significant change in eruptive style, deformation,
and seismicity until the end of eruption.
activity resumed at Mt. Etna on 7 September 2004
and lasted for about 6 months. This paper presents new
petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotope
data from sequential samples collected during the entire
2004–2005 eruption. The progressive change of lava
composition allowed defining three phases that correspond
to different processes controlling magma dynamics inside
the central volcano conduits. The compositional variability
of products erupted up to 24 September is well reproduced
by a fractional crystallization model that involves magma
already stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003
eruption. The progressive mixing of this magma with a
distinct new one rising within the central conduits is clearly
revealed by the composition of the products erupted from
24 September to 15 October. After 15 October, the
contribution from the new magma gradually becomes
predominant, and the efficiency of the mixing process ensures the emission of homogeneous products up to the end
of the eruption. Our results give insights into the complex
conditions of magma storage and evolution in the shallow
plumbing system of Mt. Etna during a flank eruption.
Furthermore, they confirm that the 2004–2005 activity at
Etna was triggered by regional movements of the eastern
flank of the volcano. They caused the opening of a complex
fracture zone extending ESE which drained a magma stored
at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. This process
favored the ascent of a different magma in the central
conduits, which began to be erupted on 24 September
without any significant change in eruptive style, deformation,
and seismicity until the end of eruption.
References
Allard P, Behncke B, D’Amico S, Neri M, Gambino S (2006) Mount
Etna 1993–2005: anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle. Earth
Sci Rev 78:85–114
Andronico D, Branca S, Calvari S, Burton M, Caltabiano T, Corsaro
RA, Del Carlo P, Garfì G, Lodato L, Miraglia L, Murè F, Neri M,
Pecora E, Pompilio M, Salerno G, Spampinato L (2005) A multidisciplinary
study of the 2002-03 Etna eruption: insights into a
complex plumbing system. Bull Volcanol 67:314–330.
doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8
Armienti P, Innocenti F, Petrini R, Pompilio M, Villari L (1988) Subaphyric
alkali basalt from Mt.Etna: inferences on the depth and
composition of the source magma. Rend Soc It Miner Petrol
43:877–891
Armienti P, Clocchiatti R, D’Orazio M, Innocenti F, Petrini R,
Pompilio M, Tonarini S, Villari L (1994) The long-standing
1991–1993 Mount Etna eruption. Petrography and Geochemistry
of lavas. Acta Vulcanol 4:15–28
Bonaccorso A, Bonforte A, Guglielmino F, Palano M, Puglisi G
(2006) Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the
2004–2005 Mount Etna eruption. J Geoph Res 111:B12207.
doi:10.1029/2005JB004206
Burton M, Neri M, Andronico D, Branca S, Caltabiano T, Calvari S,
Corsaro RA, Del Carlo P, Lanzafame G, Lodato L, Miraglia L,
Salerno G, Spampinato L (2005) Etna 2004–2005: An archetype
for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions. Geophys Res
Lett 32:L09303. doi:10.1029/2005GL022527
Caltabiano R, Burton M, Giammanco S, Allard P, Bruno N, Murè F,
Romano R (2004) Volcani gas emissions from the summit craters
and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987-2000. In: Bonaccorso A et al (ed)
Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. AGU, Washington
D. C., pp 111–128
Carignan J, Hild P, Mevelle G, Morel J, Yeghicheyan D (2001) Routine
analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow
injection and low pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled
to ICP-MS: A study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N,
UB-N, AN-G and GH. Geostandards Newsletter 25(2, 3):187–198
Clocchiatti R, Condomines M, Guenot N, Tanguy JC (2004) Magma
changes at Mount Etna: the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptions. Earth
Planet Sci Lett 226(3, 4):397–414
Corsaro RA, Pompilio M (2004) Magma dynamics at mount etna. In:
Bonaccorso et al (ed) Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys.
Monogr. AGU, Washington D. C., pp 91–110
Corsaro RA, Miraglia L (2005) Dynamics of 2004–2005 Mt. Etna
effusive eruption as inferred from petrologic monitoring. Geophys
Res Lett 32:L13302. doi:10.1029/2005GL022347
Corsaro RA, Miraglia L, Pompilio M (2007) Petrologic evidence of a
complex plumbing system feeding the July–August 2001
eruption of Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy. Bull Volcanol 69:401–421.
doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0083-4
Di Grazia G, Falsaperla S, Langer H (2006) Volcanic tremor location
during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion. Geophys Re Lett 33:
L04304. doi:10.1029/2005GL025177
Di Renzo V, Di Vito MA, Arienzo I, Carandente A, Civetta L,
D’Antonio M, Giordano F, Orsi G, Tonarini S (2007) Magmatic
history of somma-vesuvius on the basis of new geochemical and
isotopic data from a deep borehole (Camaldoli della Torre). J
Petrol 48(4):753–784
D’Orazio M, Armienti P, Cerretini S (1998) Phenocryst/matrix traceelement
partition coefficients for hawaiite-trachyte lavas from the
Ellittico volcanic sequence (Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy). Mineral
Petrol 64:65–88. doi:10.1007/BF01226564
Garcia MO, Pietruszka AJ, Rhodes JM, Swanson K (2000) Magmatic
processes during the prolonged Pu’u ‘O’o eruption of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. J Petrol 41(7):967–990 Le Maitre RW (Ed.) (2002) Igneous rocks. A classification and
glossary of terms. Recommendations of the IUGS Subcomission
on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 2nd edn. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 236 pp
Langmuir CH, Vocke Jr RD, Hanson GN, Hart SR (1978) A general
mixing equation with applications to Icelandic basalts. Earth Planet
Sci Lett 37(3):380–392. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90053-5
Métrich N, Rutherford MJ (1998) Low pressure crystallization paths of
H2O-saturated basaltic–hawaiitic melts from Mt. Etna: implications
for open-system degassing volcanoes. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 62:1195–1205. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037898)00048-9
Metrich N, Allard P, Spilliaert N, Andronico D, Burton M (2004)
2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive
basalt responsible for Mount Etna’s evolution in the last three
decades. Earth Planet Sci Lett 228(1, 2):1–17
Miraglia L (2006) Valutazione dell’accuratezza e della precisione delle
analisi eseguite con il sistema analitico SEM-EDS su standard
internazionali di minerali e vetri, report UFVG2006/115 http://
www.ct.ingv.it/Report/RPTVGPTR20061231.pdf
Neri M, Acocella V (2006) The 2004-05 Etna eruption: Implications
for flank deformation and structural behaviour of the volcano. J
Volcanol Geotherm Res 158:195–206. doi:0.1016/j.jvolgeores.
2006.04.022
Patanè D, Cocina O, Falsaperla S, Privitera E, Spampinato S (2004)
Mt. Etna volcano: A seismological framework. In: Bonaccorso A et al (ed) Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr.
AGU, Washington D. C., pp 147–165
Patanè D, Mattia M, Aloisi M (2005) Shallow intrusive processes
during 2002–2004 and current volcanic activity on Mt. Etna.
Geophys Res Lett 32:L06302. doi:10.1029/2004GL021773
Rittmann A (1965) Notizie sull’Etna. Supplemento al Nuovo Cimento
3(I):1117–1123
Spilliaert N, Allard P, Métrich N, Sobolev AV (2006) Melt inclusion
record of the conditions of ascent, degassing, and extrusion of
volatile-rich alkali basalt during the powerful 2002 flank eruption
of Mount Etna (Italy). J Geoph Res 111:B04203. doi:10.1029/
2005JB003934
Tanguy JC (1980) L’Etna: Etude pétrologique et paléomagnétique.
Implications volcanologiques, PhD Thesis, 520 pp. Universitè
Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris, 15 December
Teasdale R, Geist D, Kurz M, Harpp K (2005) 1998 Eruption at
Volcán Cerro Azul, Galápagos Islands: I. Syn-Eruptive Petrogenesis.
Bull Volcanol 67:170–185
Thornber CR, Heliker C, Sherrod DR, Kauahikaua JP, Miklius A,
Okubo PG, Trusdell FA, Budahn JR, Ridley WI, Meeker GP
(2003) Kilauea Rift zone magmatism: an episode 54 perspective.
J Petrol 44(9):1525–1559. doi:10.1093/petrology/egg048
Viccaro M, Ferlito C, Cortesogno L, Cristofolini R, Gaggero L (2006)
Magma mixing during the 2001 event atMount Etna (Italy): effects
on the eruptive dynamics. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 149:139–159
Etna 1993–2005: anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle. Earth
Sci Rev 78:85–114
Andronico D, Branca S, Calvari S, Burton M, Caltabiano T, Corsaro
RA, Del Carlo P, Garfì G, Lodato L, Miraglia L, Murè F, Neri M,
Pecora E, Pompilio M, Salerno G, Spampinato L (2005) A multidisciplinary
study of the 2002-03 Etna eruption: insights into a
complex plumbing system. Bull Volcanol 67:314–330.
doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8
Armienti P, Innocenti F, Petrini R, Pompilio M, Villari L (1988) Subaphyric
alkali basalt from Mt.Etna: inferences on the depth and
composition of the source magma. Rend Soc It Miner Petrol
43:877–891
Armienti P, Clocchiatti R, D’Orazio M, Innocenti F, Petrini R,
Pompilio M, Tonarini S, Villari L (1994) The long-standing
1991–1993 Mount Etna eruption. Petrography and Geochemistry
of lavas. Acta Vulcanol 4:15–28
Bonaccorso A, Bonforte A, Guglielmino F, Palano M, Puglisi G
(2006) Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the
2004–2005 Mount Etna eruption. J Geoph Res 111:B12207.
doi:10.1029/2005JB004206
Burton M, Neri M, Andronico D, Branca S, Caltabiano T, Calvari S,
Corsaro RA, Del Carlo P, Lanzafame G, Lodato L, Miraglia L,
Salerno G, Spampinato L (2005) Etna 2004–2005: An archetype
for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions. Geophys Res
Lett 32:L09303. doi:10.1029/2005GL022527
Caltabiano R, Burton M, Giammanco S, Allard P, Bruno N, Murè F,
Romano R (2004) Volcani gas emissions from the summit craters
and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987-2000. In: Bonaccorso A et al (ed)
Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. AGU, Washington
D. C., pp 111–128
Carignan J, Hild P, Mevelle G, Morel J, Yeghicheyan D (2001) Routine
analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow
injection and low pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled
to ICP-MS: A study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N,
UB-N, AN-G and GH. Geostandards Newsletter 25(2, 3):187–198
Clocchiatti R, Condomines M, Guenot N, Tanguy JC (2004) Magma
changes at Mount Etna: the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptions. Earth
Planet Sci Lett 226(3, 4):397–414
Corsaro RA, Pompilio M (2004) Magma dynamics at mount etna. In:
Bonaccorso et al (ed) Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys.
Monogr. AGU, Washington D. C., pp 91–110
Corsaro RA, Miraglia L (2005) Dynamics of 2004–2005 Mt. Etna
effusive eruption as inferred from petrologic monitoring. Geophys
Res Lett 32:L13302. doi:10.1029/2005GL022347
Corsaro RA, Miraglia L, Pompilio M (2007) Petrologic evidence of a
complex plumbing system feeding the July–August 2001
eruption of Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy. Bull Volcanol 69:401–421.
doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0083-4
Di Grazia G, Falsaperla S, Langer H (2006) Volcanic tremor location
during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion. Geophys Re Lett 33:
L04304. doi:10.1029/2005GL025177
Di Renzo V, Di Vito MA, Arienzo I, Carandente A, Civetta L,
D’Antonio M, Giordano F, Orsi G, Tonarini S (2007) Magmatic
history of somma-vesuvius on the basis of new geochemical and
isotopic data from a deep borehole (Camaldoli della Torre). J
Petrol 48(4):753–784
D’Orazio M, Armienti P, Cerretini S (1998) Phenocryst/matrix traceelement
partition coefficients for hawaiite-trachyte lavas from the
Ellittico volcanic sequence (Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy). Mineral
Petrol 64:65–88. doi:10.1007/BF01226564
Garcia MO, Pietruszka AJ, Rhodes JM, Swanson K (2000) Magmatic
processes during the prolonged Pu’u ‘O’o eruption of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. J Petrol 41(7):967–990 Le Maitre RW (Ed.) (2002) Igneous rocks. A classification and
glossary of terms. Recommendations of the IUGS Subcomission
on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 2nd edn. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 236 pp
Langmuir CH, Vocke Jr RD, Hanson GN, Hart SR (1978) A general
mixing equation with applications to Icelandic basalts. Earth Planet
Sci Lett 37(3):380–392. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90053-5
Métrich N, Rutherford MJ (1998) Low pressure crystallization paths of
H2O-saturated basaltic–hawaiitic melts from Mt. Etna: implications
for open-system degassing volcanoes. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 62:1195–1205. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037898)00048-9
Metrich N, Allard P, Spilliaert N, Andronico D, Burton M (2004)
2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive
basalt responsible for Mount Etna’s evolution in the last three
decades. Earth Planet Sci Lett 228(1, 2):1–17
Miraglia L (2006) Valutazione dell’accuratezza e della precisione delle
analisi eseguite con il sistema analitico SEM-EDS su standard
internazionali di minerali e vetri, report UFVG2006/115 http://
www.ct.ingv.it/Report/RPTVGPTR20061231.pdf
Neri M, Acocella V (2006) The 2004-05 Etna eruption: Implications
for flank deformation and structural behaviour of the volcano. J
Volcanol Geotherm Res 158:195–206. doi:0.1016/j.jvolgeores.
2006.04.022
Patanè D, Cocina O, Falsaperla S, Privitera E, Spampinato S (2004)
Mt. Etna volcano: A seismological framework. In: Bonaccorso A et al (ed) Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr.
AGU, Washington D. C., pp 147–165
Patanè D, Mattia M, Aloisi M (2005) Shallow intrusive processes
during 2002–2004 and current volcanic activity on Mt. Etna.
Geophys Res Lett 32:L06302. doi:10.1029/2004GL021773
Rittmann A (1965) Notizie sull’Etna. Supplemento al Nuovo Cimento
3(I):1117–1123
Spilliaert N, Allard P, Métrich N, Sobolev AV (2006) Melt inclusion
record of the conditions of ascent, degassing, and extrusion of
volatile-rich alkali basalt during the powerful 2002 flank eruption
of Mount Etna (Italy). J Geoph Res 111:B04203. doi:10.1029/
2005JB003934
Tanguy JC (1980) L’Etna: Etude pétrologique et paléomagnétique.
Implications volcanologiques, PhD Thesis, 520 pp. Universitè
Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris, 15 December
Teasdale R, Geist D, Kurz M, Harpp K (2005) 1998 Eruption at
Volcán Cerro Azul, Galápagos Islands: I. Syn-Eruptive Petrogenesis.
Bull Volcanol 67:170–185
Thornber CR, Heliker C, Sherrod DR, Kauahikaua JP, Miklius A,
Okubo PG, Trusdell FA, Budahn JR, Ridley WI, Meeker GP
(2003) Kilauea Rift zone magmatism: an episode 54 perspective.
J Petrol 44(9):1525–1559. doi:10.1093/petrology/egg048
Viccaro M, Ferlito C, Cortesogno L, Cristofolini R, Gaggero L (2006)
Magma mixing during the 2001 event atMount Etna (Italy): effects
on the eruptive dynamics. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 149:139–159
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