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First appraisal to define prospective seismogenic sources from historical earthquake damages in southern Upper Rhine Graben
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
24(2005)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
403-425
Issued date
February 2005
Abstract
The southern portion ofthe Upper Rhine Graben, a major oblique rift among France, Germany and Switzerland, shows a weak
instrumental seismic record despite its remarkable physiographic imprint within the Northern Alpine foreland. Since traces of active
deformation can be found in this region and based on experience in other European areas with high seismic hazard and dense
population, we searched for past earthquakes recorded in historical catalogues. Based on the fact that tectonic deformation
cumulates through geological time and considering that long-term effects tend to leave characteristic signatures on present-day
landscape arrangement, our goal was to identify faults that could have caused the damage of recorded historical events.
We isolated five main earthquakes, ofmoderate Richter magnitude, essentially located on the E flank of the graben (as is the case
with recent seismic activity). To such events, we were able to associate a specific prospective structure through the use ofa procedure
thus far successfully employed in Southern European contexts. We concentrated on three events which showed (a) notable sensitivity
to the density of the historical felt reports and (b) accordance with on-going subtle deformation pattern. Another, most relevant
earthquake (M 5.5) yielded a promising match with the known deformation network in the region.
As a template to better constrain earthquake cycle and damage potential, historical seismicity offers an invaluable tool, since it
contains a specific record, although not always unambiguous. Cross-checking such data with pertinent geological information
allows to devise a realistic fault geometry capable of being responsible for a specific seismic event.
instrumental seismic record despite its remarkable physiographic imprint within the Northern Alpine foreland. Since traces of active
deformation can be found in this region and based on experience in other European areas with high seismic hazard and dense
population, we searched for past earthquakes recorded in historical catalogues. Based on the fact that tectonic deformation
cumulates through geological time and considering that long-term effects tend to leave characteristic signatures on present-day
landscape arrangement, our goal was to identify faults that could have caused the damage of recorded historical events.
We isolated five main earthquakes, ofmoderate Richter magnitude, essentially located on the E flank of the graben (as is the case
with recent seismic activity). To such events, we were able to associate a specific prospective structure through the use ofa procedure
thus far successfully employed in Southern European contexts. We concentrated on three events which showed (a) notable sensitivity
to the density of the historical felt reports and (b) accordance with on-going subtle deformation pattern. Another, most relevant
earthquake (M 5.5) yielded a promising match with the known deformation network in the region.
As a template to better constrain earthquake cycle and damage potential, historical seismicity offers an invaluable tool, since it
contains a specific record, although not always unambiguous. Cross-checking such data with pertinent geological information
allows to devise a realistic fault geometry capable of being responsible for a specific seismic event.
References
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Behrmann et al., 2003 Behrmann J.H., Hermann O., Horstmann M., Tanner D.C., Bertrand G., Anatomy and kinematics of oblique continental rifting revealed: a 3D case study of the SE Upper Rhine Graben (Germany), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Volume: 87, Issue: 7 (2003), pp. 1105--1121 CrossRef
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Bois, 1993 Bois C., Initiation and evolution of the Oligo-Miocene rift basins of southwestern Europe: contribution of deep seismic reflection profiling, Tectonophysics, Volume: 226, (1993), pp. 227--252 CrossRef
Bonjer, 1997 Bonjer K.-P., Seismicity pattern and style of seismic faulting at the eastern borderfault of the southern Rhine Graben, Tectonophysics, Volume: 275, Issue: 1 (1997), pp. 41--69 Bibliographic Page Full text
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Borcherdt, 2002 Borcherdt R.D., Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Volume: 92, Issue: 2 (2002), pp. 761--782 CrossRef
Boschi et al., 2000 Boschi, E., Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Mariotti, D., Valensise, G., Gasperini, P., (Eds.), 2000, Catalogue of strong Italian earthquakes. Annali di Geofisica 43, 4.
Brace and Byerlee, 1966 Brace W.F., Byerlee J.D., Stick-slip as a mechanism for earthquakes, Science, Volume: 153, (1966), pp. 990--992
Briquet, 1931 Briquet A., Le Quaternaire de l’Alsace, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, Volume: 4, Issue: XXX-62 (1931), pp. 977--1014
Brun and Gutscher and M.-A. and DEKORP-ECORS Team, 1992 Brun, J.P., Gutscher, M.-A., DEKORP-ECORS Team, 1992. Deep crustal structure of the Rhine Graben from DEKORP–ECORS seismic reflection data: a summary. Tectonophysics 208, 139–147.
Brstle, 2002 Brüstle, A., 2002. Morphotectonic analysis of the Freiburg i. Br. region in the Upper Rhine Graben, unpublished Diplomarbeit Thesis, Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres and Universität zu Köln, 83p.
Camelbeeck and Meghraoui, 1996 Camelbeeck T., Meghraoui M., Large earthquakes in northern Europe more likely than once thought, Eos, Volume: 77, Issue: 42 (1996), pp. 405--409
Carena et al., 2002 Carena S., Suppe J., Kao H., Active detachment of Taiwan illuminated by small earthquakes and its control of first-order topography, Geology, Volume: 30, Issue: 10 (2002), pp. 935--938 CrossRef
Carlson and Foley, 1991 Carlson, R.E., Foley, T.A., 1991. Radial basis interpolation methods on track data. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-JC-1074238.
Chorowicz and Deffontaines, 1993 Chorowicz J., Deffontaines B., Transfer faults and pull-apart model in the rhinegraben from analysis of multisource data, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume: 98, Issue: B8 (1993), pp. 14.339--14.351
Clauser et al., 2002 Clauser C., Griesshaber E., Neugebauer H.J., Decoupled thermal and mantle helium anomalies: Implications for the transport regime in continental rift zones, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume: 107, Issue: B11 (2002), p. 2269 doi: 10.1029/2001JB000675
Derer, 2003 Derer, C.E., 2003. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany), with special regard to the early syn-rift stage. Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt Bonn, 99pp.
Esposito et al., 1988 Esposito E., Luongo G., Marturano A., Porfido S., I terremoti recenti dal 1980 al 1986 nell’Appennino Meridionale, Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume: 41, (1988), pp. 1117--1128
Esposito et al., 1992 Esposito, E., Porfido, S., Luongo, G., Petrazzoli, S.M., 1992. Damage scenario induced by the major seismic events from the XV to XIX century in Naples city with particular reference to the seismic response, Proceedings of the “10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering”, A.A. Balkema Publishing House, Rotterdam, pp. 1075–1080.
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