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On the terms of geomagnetic daily variation in Antarctica
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
6 / 27 (2009)
Publisher
EGU
Pages (printed)
2483 - 2490
Issued date
June 22, 2009
Alternative Location
Abstract
The target of this work is to investigate the nature of magnetic perturbations produced by ionospheric and magnetospheric
currents as recorded at high-latitude geomagnetic stations. In particular, we investigate the effects of these
currents on geomagnetic data recorded in Antarctica. To this purpose we apply a mathematical method, known as Natural
Orthogonal Composition, to analyze the magnetic field disturbances along the three geomagnetic field components (X, Y and Z) recorded at Mario Zucchelli Station (IAGA
code TNB; geographic coordinates: 74.7° S, 164.1° E) from 1995 to 1998. Using this type of analysis, we characterize the dominant modes of the geomagnetic field daily variability through a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs).
While such mathematically independent EOFs do not necessarily represent physically independent modes of variability,
we find that some of them are actually related to well known current patterns located at high latitudes.
currents as recorded at high-latitude geomagnetic stations. In particular, we investigate the effects of these
currents on geomagnetic data recorded in Antarctica. To this purpose we apply a mathematical method, known as Natural
Orthogonal Composition, to analyze the magnetic field disturbances along the three geomagnetic field components (X, Y and Z) recorded at Mario Zucchelli Station (IAGA
code TNB; geographic coordinates: 74.7° S, 164.1° E) from 1995 to 1998. Using this type of analysis, we characterize the dominant modes of the geomagnetic field daily variability through a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs).
While such mathematically independent EOFs do not necessarily represent physically independent modes of variability,
we find that some of them are actually related to well known current patterns located at high latitudes.
References
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substorms, Planet.Space Sci., 27, 425–431, 1978.
Campbell, W. H.: Introduction to geomagnetic fields, Cambridge
University Press, 135–142, 1997.
Chen, G.-X., Xu, W. Y., Du, A. M., Wu, Y. Y., Chen, B., and
Liu, X. C.: Statistical characteristics of the day-to-day variabil
ity in the geomagnetic Sq field, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06320,
doi:10.1029/2006JA012059, 2007.
Fisher, R. A.: Statistical methods for research workers, 14th ed.,
Hafner Press, 1972.
Friis-Christensen, E.: Polar cap current systems, In Magnetospheric
currents, edited by: Potemra, T. A., AGU, Washington D.C., pp.
86–95, 1984.
Friis-Christensen, E., Kamide, Y., Richmond, A. D., and Matsushita,
S.: Interplanetary magnetic field control of high-latitude
electric field and currents determined from Greenland magnetometer
data, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1325–1338, 1985.
Fukushima, N.: Generalized theorem for no ground magnetic effect
of vertical currents connected with Pedersen currents in the
uniform-conductivity ionosphere, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Jap.,
30, 35–40, 1976.
Golovkov, V. P., Papitashvili, N. E., Tyupkin, Y. S., and Kharin,
E. P.: Separation of geomagnetic field variations on the quiet
and disturbed components by the MNOC, Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy, 18, 511–515, 1978.
Golovkov, V. P., Papitashvili, V. O., and Papitashvili, N. E.: Automated
calculation of the K indices using the method of natural
orthogonal components, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 29,
514–517, 1989.
Golovkov, V. P., Kozhoyeva, K. G., and Shkolnikova, S. I.: The use
of the method of natural orthogonal components for separation
of partially nonorthogonal variations of the geomagnetic field,
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 32, 715–717, 1992.
Hasegawa, M.: Provisional report of the statistical study on the
diurnal variations of terrestrial magnetism in the north pole regions,
Trans. Washington Meeting, IUGG-ATME, Bull. No. 11
pp. 311–318, A.H.R Gddie, ed. Edinburg, 4–15 September 1939.
Jackson, G. M., Mason, I. M., and Greenhalgh, S. A.: Principal
component transforms of triaxial recordings by singular value
decomposition, Geophysics, 56, 528–533, 1991.
Mansurov, S. M.: New evidence of a relationship between magnetic
field in space and on earth, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 9,
622–623, 1969.
Matsushita, S. and Xu, W.: Equivalent ionospheric current system
representing solar daily variations of the polar geomagnetic field,
J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8241–8254, 1982.
Nagata, T. and Kokubun, S.: A particular geomagnetic daily variation
S
p
q in the polar regions on geomagnetically quiet days, Nature,
195, 555–557, 1962.
Papitashvili, V. O., Feldstein, Y. I., Levitin, A. E., Belov, B. A., Gromova,
L. I., and Valchuk, T. E.: Equivalent ionospheric currents
above Antactica during the austral summer, Antarctic Science,
2(3), 267–276, 1990.
Papitashvili, N. E., Papitashvili, V. O., Belov, B. A., Hakkinen, L.,
and Sucksdorff, C.: Magnetospheric contribution to K-indices,
Geophys. J. Int., 111, 348–356, 1992.
Pietrolungo, M., Lepidi, S., Cafarella, L., Santarelli, L., and Di
Mauro, D.: Daily variation at three Antarctic geomagnetic observatories
within the polar cap, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2179–2190,
2008, http://www.ann-geophys.net/26/2179/2008/.
Richmond, A. D.: Modeling the geomagnetic perturbations produced
by ionospheric currents, above and below the ionosphere,
Journal of Geodynamics, 33, 143–156, 2002.
Tascione, T. F.: Introduction to space environment, Orbit Book
Company, Malablar, Flor., 1998.
Svalgaard, L.: Sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field
and daily variation of the geomagneti field at high latitudes, Geophysical
Papers R-6, Danish Meteorological Institute, Charlottenlund,
1968.
Sun, W., Xu, W.-Y., and Akasofu, S.-I.: Mathematical separation
of directly driven and unloading components in the ionospheric
equivalent currents during substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
11695–11700, 1998.
Sun, W., Xu, W.-Y., and Akasofu, S.-I.: An improved method to
deduce the unloading component for the magnetospheric substorms,
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13131–13140, 2000.
Villante, U., Lepidi, S., Francia, P., Meloni, A., and Palangio,
P.: Long period geomagnetic fluctuations at Terra Nova Bay
(Antarctica), Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1443–1446, 1997.
Xu, W.-Y.: Polar region Sq, PAGEOPH, 131, 371–393, 1989.
Xu, W.-Y.: Revision of the high-degree Gauss coefficients in the
IGRF 1945–1955 models by using natural orthogonal component
analysis, Earth Planets Space, 54, 753–761, 2002.
Xu, W.-Y.: Natural orthogonal component analysis of international
geomagnetic reference field models and its application
to historical geomagnetic models, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 613,
doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01875.x, 2003.
Xu, W.-Y. and Kamide, Y.: Decomposition of daily geomagnetic
variations by using method of natural orthogonal component, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, A05218, doi:1029/2003JA010216, 2004.
substorms, Planet.Space Sci., 27, 425–431, 1978.
Campbell, W. H.: Introduction to geomagnetic fields, Cambridge
University Press, 135–142, 1997.
Chen, G.-X., Xu, W. Y., Du, A. M., Wu, Y. Y., Chen, B., and
Liu, X. C.: Statistical characteristics of the day-to-day variabil
ity in the geomagnetic Sq field, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06320,
doi:10.1029/2006JA012059, 2007.
Fisher, R. A.: Statistical methods for research workers, 14th ed.,
Hafner Press, 1972.
Friis-Christensen, E.: Polar cap current systems, In Magnetospheric
currents, edited by: Potemra, T. A., AGU, Washington D.C., pp.
86–95, 1984.
Friis-Christensen, E., Kamide, Y., Richmond, A. D., and Matsushita,
S.: Interplanetary magnetic field control of high-latitude
electric field and currents determined from Greenland magnetometer
data, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1325–1338, 1985.
Fukushima, N.: Generalized theorem for no ground magnetic effect
of vertical currents connected with Pedersen currents in the
uniform-conductivity ionosphere, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Jap.,
30, 35–40, 1976.
Golovkov, V. P., Papitashvili, N. E., Tyupkin, Y. S., and Kharin,
E. P.: Separation of geomagnetic field variations on the quiet
and disturbed components by the MNOC, Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy, 18, 511–515, 1978.
Golovkov, V. P., Papitashvili, V. O., and Papitashvili, N. E.: Automated
calculation of the K indices using the method of natural
orthogonal components, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 29,
514–517, 1989.
Golovkov, V. P., Kozhoyeva, K. G., and Shkolnikova, S. I.: The use
of the method of natural orthogonal components for separation
of partially nonorthogonal variations of the geomagnetic field,
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 32, 715–717, 1992.
Hasegawa, M.: Provisional report of the statistical study on the
diurnal variations of terrestrial magnetism in the north pole regions,
Trans. Washington Meeting, IUGG-ATME, Bull. No. 11
pp. 311–318, A.H.R Gddie, ed. Edinburg, 4–15 September 1939.
Jackson, G. M., Mason, I. M., and Greenhalgh, S. A.: Principal
component transforms of triaxial recordings by singular value
decomposition, Geophysics, 56, 528–533, 1991.
Mansurov, S. M.: New evidence of a relationship between magnetic
field in space and on earth, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 9,
622–623, 1969.
Matsushita, S. and Xu, W.: Equivalent ionospheric current system
representing solar daily variations of the polar geomagnetic field,
J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8241–8254, 1982.
Nagata, T. and Kokubun, S.: A particular geomagnetic daily variation
S
p
q in the polar regions on geomagnetically quiet days, Nature,
195, 555–557, 1962.
Papitashvili, V. O., Feldstein, Y. I., Levitin, A. E., Belov, B. A., Gromova,
L. I., and Valchuk, T. E.: Equivalent ionospheric currents
above Antactica during the austral summer, Antarctic Science,
2(3), 267–276, 1990.
Papitashvili, N. E., Papitashvili, V. O., Belov, B. A., Hakkinen, L.,
and Sucksdorff, C.: Magnetospheric contribution to K-indices,
Geophys. J. Int., 111, 348–356, 1992.
Pietrolungo, M., Lepidi, S., Cafarella, L., Santarelli, L., and Di
Mauro, D.: Daily variation at three Antarctic geomagnetic observatories
within the polar cap, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2179–2190,
2008, http://www.ann-geophys.net/26/2179/2008/.
Richmond, A. D.: Modeling the geomagnetic perturbations produced
by ionospheric currents, above and below the ionosphere,
Journal of Geodynamics, 33, 143–156, 2002.
Tascione, T. F.: Introduction to space environment, Orbit Book
Company, Malablar, Flor., 1998.
Svalgaard, L.: Sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field
and daily variation of the geomagneti field at high latitudes, Geophysical
Papers R-6, Danish Meteorological Institute, Charlottenlund,
1968.
Sun, W., Xu, W.-Y., and Akasofu, S.-I.: Mathematical separation
of directly driven and unloading components in the ionospheric
equivalent currents during substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
11695–11700, 1998.
Sun, W., Xu, W.-Y., and Akasofu, S.-I.: An improved method to
deduce the unloading component for the magnetospheric substorms,
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13131–13140, 2000.
Villante, U., Lepidi, S., Francia, P., Meloni, A., and Palangio,
P.: Long period geomagnetic fluctuations at Terra Nova Bay
(Antarctica), Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1443–1446, 1997.
Xu, W.-Y.: Polar region Sq, PAGEOPH, 131, 371–393, 1989.
Xu, W.-Y.: Revision of the high-degree Gauss coefficients in the
IGRF 1945–1955 models by using natural orthogonal component
analysis, Earth Planets Space, 54, 753–761, 2002.
Xu, W.-Y.: Natural orthogonal component analysis of international
geomagnetic reference field models and its application
to historical geomagnetic models, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 613,
doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01875.x, 2003.
Xu, W.-Y. and Kamide, Y.: Decomposition of daily geomagnetic
variations by using method of natural orthogonal component, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, A05218, doi:1029/2003JA010216, 2004.
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