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Chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal springs, fumaroles and bubbling gases at Tacaná Volcano (Mexico–Guatemala): implications for volcanic surveillance
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/71(2009)
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Pages (printed)
319-335
Issued date
2009
Last version
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4511
Abstract
This study presents baseline data for future
geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano–
hydrothermal system (Mexico–Guatemala). Seven groups
of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp
cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the
northwest foot of the volcano (1,500–2,000m a.s.l.);
another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera).
The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal (T from
25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO3–SO4 waters are thought to have
formed by the absorption of a H2S/SO2–CO2-enriched
steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed
by Na/HCO3-enriched meteoric waters originating from the
higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic
composition (δD and δ18O) of meteoric and spring waters.
Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at ~3,600m a.s.l. NW
of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic
explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ18O as
low as −128 and −19.9‰, respectively) resulting from
steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as
well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO2-dominated.
The δ13CCO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of
−3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in 3He/4He ratios
for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to
6.9 atmospheric 3He/4He ratio (RA)] is ascribed to a
different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a
heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic
edifice and the crystalline basement (4He source). Tacaná
volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into
shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting
the CO2/3He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower
gas/water ratios show higher 3He/4He ratios and consequently
lower CO2/3He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical
Central American CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios are found
for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6
× 1010 and 6.0 ± 0.9 RA, respectively). The L/S (5.9 ± 0.5)
and (L + S)/M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are
almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El
Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as
the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc,
Tacaná.
geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano–
hydrothermal system (Mexico–Guatemala). Seven groups
of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp
cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the
northwest foot of the volcano (1,500–2,000m a.s.l.);
another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera).
The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal (T from
25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO3–SO4 waters are thought to have
formed by the absorption of a H2S/SO2–CO2-enriched
steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed
by Na/HCO3-enriched meteoric waters originating from the
higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic
composition (δD and δ18O) of meteoric and spring waters.
Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at ~3,600m a.s.l. NW
of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic
explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ18O as
low as −128 and −19.9‰, respectively) resulting from
steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as
well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO2-dominated.
The δ13CCO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of
−3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in 3He/4He ratios
for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to
6.9 atmospheric 3He/4He ratio (RA)] is ascribed to a
different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a
heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic
edifice and the crystalline basement (4He source). Tacaná
volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into
shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting
the CO2/3He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower
gas/water ratios show higher 3He/4He ratios and consequently
lower CO2/3He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical
Central American CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios are found
for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6
× 1010 and 6.0 ± 0.9 RA, respectively). The L/S (5.9 ± 0.5)
and (L + S)/M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are
almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El
Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as
the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc,
Tacaná.
Sponsors
This study
was financially supported by DGAPA UNAM #IN101706 and INGVPalermo.
was financially supported by DGAPA UNAM #IN101706 and INGVPalermo.
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Chiapas. Memorias de la Sociedad Científica Antonio Alzate
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Capasso G, Inguaggiato S (1998) A simple method for the determination
of dissolved gases in natural waters. An application to thermal
waters from Vulcano Island. Appl Geochem 13:631–642
Capasso G, Favara R, Inguaggiato S (1997) Chemical features and
isotopic composition of gaseous manifestations on Vulcano
Island, Aeolian Islands, Italy: an interpretative model of fluid
circulation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:3425–3440
Capasso G, Favara R, Francofonte S, Inguaggiato S (1999) Chemical
and isotopic variations in fumarolic discharge and thermal waters
at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during 1996: evidence of
resumed volcanic activity. J Volcanol Geotherm res 88:167–175
Capasso G, Carapezza ML, Federico C, Inguaggiato S, Rizzo A
(2005a) Geochemical monitoring of the 2002–2003 eruption at
Stromboli volcano (Italy): precursory changes in the carbon and
helium isotopic composition of fumarole gases and thermal
waters. Bull Volcanol 68:118–134
Capasso G, Favara R, Grassa F, Inguaggiato S, Longo M (2005b) Online
technique for preparing and measuring stable carbon isotope
of total dissolved inorganic carbon in water samples (dd13CTDIC).
Ann Geophys 48:159–166
Caracausi A, Ditta M, Italiano F, Longo M, Nuccio PM, Paonita A,
Rizzo A (2005) Changes in fluid geochemistry and physicochemical
condition of geothermal systems caused by magmatic
input: the recent abrupt outgassing off the island of Panarea
(Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:3045–3059
Carr MJ (1984) Symmetrical and segmented variation of physical and
geochemical characteristics of the Central American Volcanic
Front. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 20:231–252
Craig H (1961) Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science
133:1702–1703
De la Cruz-Reyna S, Armienta MA, Zamora V, Juarez F (1989)
Chemical changes in spring waters at Tacaná volcano, Chiapas,
Mexico: a possible precursor of the May 1986 seismic crisis and
phreatic explosion. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 38:45–353
de Leeuw GAM, Hilton DR, Fischer TP, Walker JA (2007) The He–
CO2 isotope and relative abundance characteristics of geothermal
fluids in El Salvador and Honduras: new constraints on volatile
mass balance of the Central American Volcanic Arc. Earth Planet
Sci Lett 258:132–146
Delfin FG Jr, Villarosa HG, Layugan DB, Clemente V, Candelaria MR,
Ruaya JR (1996) Geothermal exploration of the pre-1991 Pinatubo
hydrothermal system. In: Newhal CG, Punongbayan S (eds) Fire
and mud. University ofWashington Press, Seattle,WA, pp 197–212
Du J, Liu C, Fu B, Ninomiya Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang H, Sun Z
(2005) Variations of geothermometry and chemical-isotopic
compositions of hot spring fluids in the Rehai geothermal field,
southwestern China. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 142:243–261
Elkins LJ, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Sharp ZD, McKnight S, Walker J
(2006) Tracing nitrogen in volcanic and geothermal volatiles
from the Nicaraguan volcanic front. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
70:5215–5235
Espíndola JM, Medina FM, De los Rios M (1989) A C-14 age
determination in the Tacaná volcano (Chiapas, Mexico). Geofis
Int 28:121–128
Bull Volcanol (2009) 71:319–335 333
Fischer TP, Sturchio NC, Stix J, Arehart GB, Counce D, Williams SN
(1997) The chemical and isotopic composition of fumarolic gases
and spring discharges from Galeras Volcano, Colombia. J
Volcanol Geotherm Res 77:229–253
Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Zimmer MM, Shaw AM, Sharp ZD, Walker
JA (2002) Subduction and recycling of nitrogen along the Central
American margin. Science 297:1154–1157
García-Palomo A, Macías JL, Arce JL, Mora JC, Hughes S, Saucedo
R, Espíndola JM, Escobar R, Layer P (2006) Geological
evolution of the Tacaná Volcanic Complex, Mexico–Guatemala.
GSA Special Paper 412 “Natural Hazards in Central America”,
pp 39–57
Giggenbach WF, Goguel RL (1989) Collection and analysis of
geothermal and volcanic water and gas discharges. Department
of Science and Industrial Research Report CD-2401, Petone,
New Zealand, p 53
Giggenbach WF, Corrales Soto R (1992) Isotopic and chemical
composition of water and steam discharges from volcanic–
magmatic–hydrothermal systems of the Guanacaste Geothermal
Province, Costa Rica. Appl Geochem 7:309–332
Giggenbach WF, Gonfiantini R, Jangi BL, Truesdell AH (1983)
Isotopic and chemical composition of Parbati Valley geothermal
discharges, NW Himalaya, India. Geothermics 12:199–222
Giggenbach WF, García N, Londoño A, Rodriguez L, Rojas N,
Calvache ML (1990) The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and
thermal-spring-discharges from the Nevado del Ruíz volcanic–
magmatic–hydrothermal system, Colombia. J Volcanol Geotherm
Res 42:13–39
Goff F, McMurtry GM (2000) Tritium and stable isotopes of
magmatic waters. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 97:347–396
Goff F, McMurtry GM, Roldán-Manzo A, Stimac JA,Werner C, Hilton
D, van Soest MC (1995) Contrasting magma-hydrothermal
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