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A computer model for volcanic ashfallout and assessment of subsequent hazard
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
31
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
837-845
Issued date
2005
Alternative Location
Abstract
HAZMAP is a FORTRAN code for the solution of the equations of diffusion, transport and sedimentation of small particles, in order to model the dispersion of ash generated by a convective column. The model was developed simplifying the advection–diffusion sedimentation equation for volcanic ash transport in the atmosphere from three to two dimensions and using a semi-analytical computational method to greatly reduce the required computer time and memory. HAZMAP can be used either to simulate the mass distribution of the deposit if a wind profile is given (‘deposit mode’), or to define the probability of a given accumulation of mass on the ground if a statistical set of wind profiles is provided (‘‘probability mode’’). The model needs the definition of the physical system (spatial distribution of the point sources, total erupted mass, settling velocity distribution, wind velocity profile, atmospheric turbulent diffusion coefficients), and of a computational grid. The output values of mass accumulation on the ground or the probability of mass accumulation are computed on a regular grid, suitable for further analysis.
References
Arastoopour, H., Wang, C., Weil, S., 1982. Particle-particle interaction force in a dilute gas–solid system. Chemical Engineering Science 37 (9), 1379–1386.
Armienti, P., Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., 1988. A numerical model for the simulation of tephra transport and deposition: applications to May 18, 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (B6), 6463–6476.
Barberi, F., Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., Santacroce, R., 1990. Mapping the tephra fallout risk: an example from Vesuvius (Italy). Nature 344, 142–144.
Barberi, F., Ghigliotti, M., Macedonio, G., Orellana, H., Pareschi, M., Rosi, M., 1992. Volcanic hazard assessment of Guagua Pichincha (Ecuador) based on past behaviour and numerical models. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research49, 53–68.
Cioni, R., Longo, A., Macedonio, G., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., Sulpizio, D., Andronico, D., 2003. Assessing pyroclastic fall hazard trough field data and numerical simulations: example from Vesuvius. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 2063–2073.
Costa, A., de Vita, S., Di Vito, M., Macedonio, G., Orsi, G., Tesauro, M., 2001. The Agnano-Monte Spina eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy): field observations and modelling of the fallout deposits. In: EGS XXVI General Assembly, Nice.
Ganser, G., 1993. A rational approachto drag prediction spherical and nonspherical particles. Powder Technology 77, 143–152.
Glaze, L., Self, S., 1991. Ashfall dispersal for the 16 September 1986 eruption of Lascar, Chile, calculated by a turbulent diffusion model. Geophysical Research Letters 18, 1237–1240.
Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., Santacroce, R., 1988. A numerical simulation of the Plinian fall phase of the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (B12), 14817–14827.
Macedonio, G., Papale, P., Pareschi, M., Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., 1994. A statistical approachin assessment of volcanic hazard for air traffic: an application to Vesuvius. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047, 245–252.
Morton, B., Taylor, G., Turner, J., 1956. Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A 234, 1–23.
Pasquill, F., 1974. Atmospheric Diffusion, second ed. Halstead Press, New York, NY, 429 pp.
Pfeiffer, T., Costa, A., Macedonio, G., 2005. A model for the numerical simulation of tephra fall deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 273–294.
Sparks, R., 1986. The dimensions and dynamics of volcanic eruption columns. Bulletin of Volcanology 48, 3–15.
Suzuki, T., 1983. A theoretical model for dispersion of tephra. In: Shimozuru, D., Yokoyama, I. (Eds.), Arc Volcanism: Physics and Tectonics. Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo, pp. 93–113.
Armienti, P., Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., 1988. A numerical model for the simulation of tephra transport and deposition: applications to May 18, 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (B6), 6463–6476.
Barberi, F., Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., Santacroce, R., 1990. Mapping the tephra fallout risk: an example from Vesuvius (Italy). Nature 344, 142–144.
Barberi, F., Ghigliotti, M., Macedonio, G., Orellana, H., Pareschi, M., Rosi, M., 1992. Volcanic hazard assessment of Guagua Pichincha (Ecuador) based on past behaviour and numerical models. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research49, 53–68.
Cioni, R., Longo, A., Macedonio, G., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., Sulpizio, D., Andronico, D., 2003. Assessing pyroclastic fall hazard trough field data and numerical simulations: example from Vesuvius. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 2063–2073.
Costa, A., de Vita, S., Di Vito, M., Macedonio, G., Orsi, G., Tesauro, M., 2001. The Agnano-Monte Spina eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy): field observations and modelling of the fallout deposits. In: EGS XXVI General Assembly, Nice.
Ganser, G., 1993. A rational approachto drag prediction spherical and nonspherical particles. Powder Technology 77, 143–152.
Glaze, L., Self, S., 1991. Ashfall dispersal for the 16 September 1986 eruption of Lascar, Chile, calculated by a turbulent diffusion model. Geophysical Research Letters 18, 1237–1240.
Macedonio, G., Pareschi, M., Santacroce, R., 1988. A numerical simulation of the Plinian fall phase of the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (B12), 14817–14827.
Macedonio, G., Papale, P., Pareschi, M., Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., 1994. A statistical approachin assessment of volcanic hazard for air traffic: an application to Vesuvius. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047, 245–252.
Morton, B., Taylor, G., Turner, J., 1956. Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A 234, 1–23.
Pasquill, F., 1974. Atmospheric Diffusion, second ed. Halstead Press, New York, NY, 429 pp.
Pfeiffer, T., Costa, A., Macedonio, G., 2005. A model for the numerical simulation of tephra fall deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 273–294.
Sparks, R., 1986. The dimensions and dynamics of volcanic eruption columns. Bulletin of Volcanology 48, 3–15.
Suzuki, T., 1983. A theoretical model for dispersion of tephra. In: Shimozuru, D., Yokoyama, I. (Eds.), Arc Volcanism: Physics and Tectonics. Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo, pp. 93–113.
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