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An overview on preseismic anomalies in LF radio signals revealed in Italy by wavelet analysis
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1/51 (2008)
Publisher
Editrice Compositori
Pages (printed)
237-246
Issued date
February 2008
Abstract
Since 1996, the electric field strength of the two broadcasting stations MCO (f=216 kHz, southeast France) and
CZE (f=270 kHz, Czech Republic) has been sampled every ten minutes by a receiver (AS) located in central
Italy. Here, we review the results obtained by a detailed analysis applied to the data recorded from February
1996 up to December 2004. At first, the daytime and nighttime data were extracted and then, in the daytime data,
the data collected in winter were separated from those collected in summer. On the second step the wavelet
transform was applied. The results of this analysis are radio anomalies detected as earthquake precursors both
for MCO and CZE data. In particular, regarding the MCO data, the main result was the appearance of a very
clear anomaly during May-August 1998, at daytime and at nighttime. Such an anomaly can be considered as a
precursor of a seismic sequence started on August 15, 1998 with 17 earthquakes (M=2.2-4.6) on the Reatini
mountains, a seismogenic zone located 30 km far from the AS receiver along the path MCO-AS. As concerns
with the CZE data, the first result was obtained from the summer daytime data and it was the appearance of a
very clear anomaly during August-September 1997, that can be considered a precursor of the two earthquakes
with magnitude M=5.6 and M=5.9 that occurred on September 26 in the Umbria-Marche region (Central Italy).
The second result was the appearance of an anomaly during February-March 1998, at daytime and at nighttime, that can be related to the preparatory phase of the strong (M=5.1-6.0) Slovenia seismic sequence that occurred in a zone lying in the middle of the CZE-AS path.
CZE (f=270 kHz, Czech Republic) has been sampled every ten minutes by a receiver (AS) located in central
Italy. Here, we review the results obtained by a detailed analysis applied to the data recorded from February
1996 up to December 2004. At first, the daytime and nighttime data were extracted and then, in the daytime data,
the data collected in winter were separated from those collected in summer. On the second step the wavelet
transform was applied. The results of this analysis are radio anomalies detected as earthquake precursors both
for MCO and CZE data. In particular, regarding the MCO data, the main result was the appearance of a very
clear anomaly during May-August 1998, at daytime and at nighttime. Such an anomaly can be considered as a
precursor of a seismic sequence started on August 15, 1998 with 17 earthquakes (M=2.2-4.6) on the Reatini
mountains, a seismogenic zone located 30 km far from the AS receiver along the path MCO-AS. As concerns
with the CZE data, the first result was obtained from the summer daytime data and it was the appearance of a
very clear anomaly during August-September 1997, that can be considered a precursor of the two earthquakes
with magnitude M=5.6 and M=5.9 that occurred on September 26 in the Umbria-Marche region (Central Italy).
The second result was the appearance of an anomaly during February-March 1998, at daytime and at nighttime, that can be related to the preparatory phase of the strong (M=5.1-6.0) Slovenia seismic sequence that occurred in a zone lying in the middle of the CZE-AS path.
References
BELLA, F., P.F. BIAGI, M. CAPUTO, E. COZZI, G. DELLA
MONICA, A. ERMINI, W. PLASTINO and V. SGRIGNA
(1998): Field strength variations of LF radio waves prior
to earthquakes in Central Italy, Phys. Earth Planet.
Int., 105, 279-286.
BIAGI, P.F. and M. HAYAKAWA (2002): Possible premonitory
behaviour of LF radiowaves on the occasion of the
Slovenia earthquakes (M= 5.2-6.0-5.1) occurred on
March-May 1998, in Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-
Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (Eds. M.
HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV), (TERRAPUB, O. MOLCHANOV), (TERRAPUB,
Tokyo), 249-253
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C.
BELLECCI, M. HAYAKAWA, V. CAPOZZI and S.P. KINGSLEY
(2001a): Possible earthquake precursors revealed
by LF radio signals, NHESS, 1 (1-2).
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C.
BELLECCI, M. HAYAKAWA and S.P. KINGSLEY (2001b):
Disturbances in LF radio-signals as seismic precursors,
Ann. Geofis., 44 (5/6), .
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, V. CAPOZZI, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI
and C. BELLECCI (2003): Exalting in atmospheric
tides as earthquake precursor, NHESS, 3, 197-201.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, R. PICCOLO, A.
MINAFRA, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C. BELLECCI, G.
PERNA, V. CAPOZZI, O.A. MOLCHANOV and M.
HAYAKAWA (2005): A possible preseismic anomaly in
the ground wave of a radio broadcasting (216 kHz)
during July-August 1998 (Italy), NHESS, 5, 727-732.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, A. ERMINI, G.
PERNA and V. CAPOZZI (2006a): Electric field strength
analysis of 216 and 270 kHz broadcast signals recorded
during 9 years, Radio Sci., 41.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, R. PICCOLO, A.
MINAFRA, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C. BELLECCI, G.
PERNA, V. CAPOZZI, O.A. MOLCHANOv and M.
HAYAKAWA (2006b): LF radio anomalies revealed in
Italy by the wavelet analysis: possibile preseismic effects
during 1997-1998, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 403-
408.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990a): Method for predicting sky wave field
strengths at frequencies between 150 kHz and 1705
kHz, Rep. 575-4, 167-184.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990b): Sky-wave propagation and circuit performance
at frequencies between about 30 kHz and 500
kHz, Rep. 265-7, 212-229.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990c): World atlas of ground conductivities, Rep.
717-3, 95-105.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990d): Effects of tropospheric refraction on radiowave
propagation, Rep. 717-3, 95-105.
CRANE, R.K. (1981): A review of transhorizon propagation
phenomena, Radio Sci., 16 (5), 649-669.
DAUBECHIES, I. (1992): Ten lectures on wavelets, CBMS –
NSF Regional Conferences Series in Applied Mathematics
(SIAM, Philadelphia, PA), 61.
HAYAKAWA, M. and H. SATO (1994): Ionospheric perturbations
associated with earthquakes as detected by subionospheric
VLF propagation, in Electromagnetic Phenomena Related
to Earthquake Prediction, edited by M. HAYAKAWA
and Y. FUJINAWA (Terrapub, Tokyo), 391-397.
HAYAKAWA, M., O.A. MOLCHANOV, T. ONDOH and E. KAWAI (1996): The precursory signature effect of the Kobe
earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals, J. Comm.
Res. Lab., 169-180.
HAYAKAWA, M., O.A. MOLCHANOV, N. SHIMA, A.V. SHVETS
and N. YAMAMOTO (2002): Wavelet analysis of disturbances
in subionospheric VLF propagation correlated
with earthquakes, in Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-
Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, edited by M.
HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV (Terrapub, Tokyo),
223-228.
KNIGHT, P. (1973): MF propagation: a wave-hop method for
ionospheric field-strength prediction, BBC Eng., 10,
22-34.
MAREEV, E.A., D.L. LUDIN and O.A. MOLCHANOV (2002):
Mosaic source of internal gravity waves associated
with seismic activity, in: Seismo Electromagnetics:
Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (Eds.
M. HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV) TERRAPUB,
Tokyo, 249-253.
MOLCHANOV, O.A.(2004): On the origin of low- and middle-
latitude ionospheric turbulence, Phys. Chem.
Earth., 29, 559-567.
MOLCHANOV, O.A. and M. HAYAKAWA (1998): Subionospheric
VLF signal perturbations possibly related to
earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17.489-17.504.
MOLCHANOV, O.A., A. ROHZHNOI, M. SOLOVIEVA, O. AKENTIEVA,
J.J. BERTHELIER, M. PARROT, F. LEFEUVRE, P.F.
BIAGI, L. CASTELLANA and M. HAYAKAWA (2006):
Global diagnostic of the ionospheric perturbations related
to the seismic activity using the VLF radio signals
collected on the DEMETER satellite, Natural Hazards
and Earth System Sciences, 6, 745-753.
MORGOUNOV, V.A., T. ONDOH and S. NAGAI (1994): Anomalous
variation of VLF signals associated with strong
earthquakes (M≥7.0), in Electromagnetic Phenomena
Related to Earthquake Prediction, edited by M.
HAYAKAWA and Y. FUJINAWA (Terrapub, Tokyo), 409-428.
ROTHERAM, S. (1981a): Ground wave propagation, Part 1:
Theory for short distances, IEE Proc. F. Commun. Radar Signal Process, 128, (5), 275-284.
ROTHERAM, S. (1981b): Ground wave propagation, Part
2:Theory for medium and long distances and reference
propagation curves, IEE Proc. F. Commun. Radar Signal
Process, 128 (5), 285-295.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA, O.A. MOLCHANOV and M.
HAYAKAWA (2004): Middle latitude LF (40 kHz) phase
variations associated with earthquakes for quiet and disturbed
geomagnetic conditions, Phys. Chem. Earth, 29,
6589-598.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA., O.A. MOLCHANOV, M.
HAYAKAWA, S. MAEKAWA and P.F. BIAGI (2005): Anomalies
of LF signal during seismic activity in November-
December 2004, NHESS, 5, 657-660.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA., O.A. MOLCHANOV, V.
CHEBROV, V. VOROPAEV, M. HAYAKAWA, S. MAEKAWA
and P.F. BIAGI (2006): Preseismic anomaly of LF signal
on the wave path Japan-Kamchatka during November-
December 2004, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 422-427.
RUE, O. (1987): A new clear air interference prediction
method for small time percentages, ICAP-87, Conf.
Publ. No. 274, 343-346.
STRANG, G. and T. NGUYE (1996): Wavelets and Filter
Banks (Wellesley Cambridge Press), pp. 490.
TELFORD, W.M., L.P. GELDART and R.E. SHERIFF (2002):
Electric properties of rocks and minerals, in Applied
Geophysics (Cambridge University Press, New York),
283-292.
TORRENCE, C. and G.P. COMPO (1998): A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 79 (1), 61-78
MONICA, A. ERMINI, W. PLASTINO and V. SGRIGNA
(1998): Field strength variations of LF radio waves prior
to earthquakes in Central Italy, Phys. Earth Planet.
Int., 105, 279-286.
BIAGI, P.F. and M. HAYAKAWA (2002): Possible premonitory
behaviour of LF radiowaves on the occasion of the
Slovenia earthquakes (M= 5.2-6.0-5.1) occurred on
March-May 1998, in Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-
Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (Eds. M.
HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV), (TERRAPUB, O. MOLCHANOV), (TERRAPUB,
Tokyo), 249-253
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C.
BELLECCI, M. HAYAKAWA, V. CAPOZZI and S.P. KINGSLEY
(2001a): Possible earthquake precursors revealed
by LF radio signals, NHESS, 1 (1-2).
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C.
BELLECCI, M. HAYAKAWA and S.P. KINGSLEY (2001b):
Disturbances in LF radio-signals as seismic precursors,
Ann. Geofis., 44 (5/6), .
BIAGI, P.F., R. PICCOLO, V. CAPOZZI, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI
and C. BELLECCI (2003): Exalting in atmospheric
tides as earthquake precursor, NHESS, 3, 197-201.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, R. PICCOLO, A.
MINAFRA, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C. BELLECCI, G.
PERNA, V. CAPOZZI, O.A. MOLCHANOV and M.
HAYAKAWA (2005): A possible preseismic anomaly in
the ground wave of a radio broadcasting (216 kHz)
during July-August 1998 (Italy), NHESS, 5, 727-732.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, A. ERMINI, G.
PERNA and V. CAPOZZI (2006a): Electric field strength
analysis of 216 and 270 kHz broadcast signals recorded
during 9 years, Radio Sci., 41.
BIAGI, P.F., L. CASTELLANA, T. MAGGIPINTO, R. PICCOLO, A.
MINAFRA, A. ERMINI, S. MARTELLUCCI, C. BELLECCI, G.
PERNA, V. CAPOZZI, O.A. MOLCHANOv and M.
HAYAKAWA (2006b): LF radio anomalies revealed in
Italy by the wavelet analysis: possibile preseismic effects
during 1997-1998, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 403-
408.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990a): Method for predicting sky wave field
strengths at frequencies between 150 kHz and 1705
kHz, Rep. 575-4, 167-184.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990b): Sky-wave propagation and circuit performance
at frequencies between about 30 kHz and 500
kHz, Rep. 265-7, 212-229.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990c): World atlas of ground conductivities, Rep.
717-3, 95-105.
CCIR-INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
(1990d): Effects of tropospheric refraction on radiowave
propagation, Rep. 717-3, 95-105.
CRANE, R.K. (1981): A review of transhorizon propagation
phenomena, Radio Sci., 16 (5), 649-669.
DAUBECHIES, I. (1992): Ten lectures on wavelets, CBMS –
NSF Regional Conferences Series in Applied Mathematics
(SIAM, Philadelphia, PA), 61.
HAYAKAWA, M. and H. SATO (1994): Ionospheric perturbations
associated with earthquakes as detected by subionospheric
VLF propagation, in Electromagnetic Phenomena Related
to Earthquake Prediction, edited by M. HAYAKAWA
and Y. FUJINAWA (Terrapub, Tokyo), 391-397.
HAYAKAWA, M., O.A. MOLCHANOV, T. ONDOH and E. KAWAI (1996): The precursory signature effect of the Kobe
earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals, J. Comm.
Res. Lab., 169-180.
HAYAKAWA, M., O.A. MOLCHANOV, N. SHIMA, A.V. SHVETS
and N. YAMAMOTO (2002): Wavelet analysis of disturbances
in subionospheric VLF propagation correlated
with earthquakes, in Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-
Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, edited by M.
HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV (Terrapub, Tokyo),
223-228.
KNIGHT, P. (1973): MF propagation: a wave-hop method for
ionospheric field-strength prediction, BBC Eng., 10,
22-34.
MAREEV, E.A., D.L. LUDIN and O.A. MOLCHANOV (2002):
Mosaic source of internal gravity waves associated
with seismic activity, in: Seismo Electromagnetics:
Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (Eds.
M. HAYAKAWA and O. MOLCHANOV) TERRAPUB,
Tokyo, 249-253.
MOLCHANOV, O.A.(2004): On the origin of low- and middle-
latitude ionospheric turbulence, Phys. Chem.
Earth., 29, 559-567.
MOLCHANOV, O.A. and M. HAYAKAWA (1998): Subionospheric
VLF signal perturbations possibly related to
earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17.489-17.504.
MOLCHANOV, O.A., A. ROHZHNOI, M. SOLOVIEVA, O. AKENTIEVA,
J.J. BERTHELIER, M. PARROT, F. LEFEUVRE, P.F.
BIAGI, L. CASTELLANA and M. HAYAKAWA (2006):
Global diagnostic of the ionospheric perturbations related
to the seismic activity using the VLF radio signals
collected on the DEMETER satellite, Natural Hazards
and Earth System Sciences, 6, 745-753.
MORGOUNOV, V.A., T. ONDOH and S. NAGAI (1994): Anomalous
variation of VLF signals associated with strong
earthquakes (M≥7.0), in Electromagnetic Phenomena
Related to Earthquake Prediction, edited by M.
HAYAKAWA and Y. FUJINAWA (Terrapub, Tokyo), 409-428.
ROTHERAM, S. (1981a): Ground wave propagation, Part 1:
Theory for short distances, IEE Proc. F. Commun. Radar Signal Process, 128, (5), 275-284.
ROTHERAM, S. (1981b): Ground wave propagation, Part
2:Theory for medium and long distances and reference
propagation curves, IEE Proc. F. Commun. Radar Signal
Process, 128 (5), 285-295.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA, O.A. MOLCHANOV and M.
HAYAKAWA (2004): Middle latitude LF (40 kHz) phase
variations associated with earthquakes for quiet and disturbed
geomagnetic conditions, Phys. Chem. Earth, 29,
6589-598.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA., O.A. MOLCHANOV, M.
HAYAKAWA, S. MAEKAWA and P.F. BIAGI (2005): Anomalies
of LF signal during seismic activity in November-
December 2004, NHESS, 5, 657-660.
ROZHNOI, A.A., M.S. SOLOVIEVA., O.A. MOLCHANOV, V.
CHEBROV, V. VOROPAEV, M. HAYAKAWA, S. MAEKAWA
and P.F. BIAGI (2006): Preseismic anomaly of LF signal
on the wave path Japan-Kamchatka during November-
December 2004, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 422-427.
RUE, O. (1987): A new clear air interference prediction
method for small time percentages, ICAP-87, Conf.
Publ. No. 274, 343-346.
STRANG, G. and T. NGUYE (1996): Wavelets and Filter
Banks (Wellesley Cambridge Press), pp. 490.
TELFORD, W.M., L.P. GELDART and R.E. SHERIFF (2002):
Electric properties of rocks and minerals, in Applied
Geophysics (Cambridge University Press, New York),
283-292.
TORRENCE, C. and G.P. COMPO (1998): A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 79 (1), 61-78
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