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Etna 2004–2005: An archetype for geodynamically-controlled effusive eruptions
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
L09303/32(2005)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
1-4
Issued date
May 12, 2005
Abstract
The 2004–05 eruption of Etna was characterised by outpouring of degassed lava from two vents within Valle del Bove. After three months of eruption lava volumes were estimated to be between 18.5 and 32 × 106 m3, with eruption rate between 2.3 and 4.1 m3/s. Petrological analyses show that magma is resident in the shallow plumbing system, emplaced during the last South-East Crater activity. SO2 flux data show no increase at the onset of the eruption and SO2/HCl ratios in gas emitted from the eruptive fissure are consistent with a degassed magma. No seismic activity was recorded prior to eruption, unlike eruptions observed since the 1980's. The purely effusive nature of this eruption, fed by a degassed, resident magma and the fracture dynamics suggest that magmatic overpressure played a limited role in this eruption. Rather, lateral spreading of Etna's eastern flank combined with general inflation of the edifice triggered a geodynamically-controlled eruption.
References
Acocella, V., and M. Neri (2003), What controls flank eruptions: The 2001 Etna eruption and the possible triggering mechanisms, Bull. Volcanol., 65, 517–529.[CrossRef]
Acocella, V., B. Behncke, M. Neri, and S. D'Amico (2003), Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2286, doi:10.1029/2003GL018642.[AGU]
Andronico, D., et al. (2005), A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002–03 Etna eruption: Insights for a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 314–330, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8.[CrossRef]
Billi, A., V. Acocella, R. Funiciello, G. Giordano, G. Lanzafame, and M. Neri (2003), Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated to the July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: Analysis of ephemeral field data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 122, 281–294.[CrossRef]
Bonaccorso, A., O. Campisi, G. Falzone, and S. Gambino (2004), Continuous tilt monitoring: A lesson from 20 years experience at Mt. Etna, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 307–320, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Burton, M., P. Allard, F. Murè, and C. Oppenheimer (2003), FTIR remote sensing of fractional magma degassing at Mount Etna, Sicily, in Volcanic Degassing, edited by C. Oppenheimer, D. Pyle, and J. Barclay, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 213, 281–293.
Caltabiano, T., M. Burton, S. Giammanco, P. Allard, N. Bruno, F. Murè, and R. Romano (2004), Volcanic gas emission from the summit craters and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987–2000, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 111–128, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Clocchiatti, R., M. Condomines, N. Guénot, and J. C. Tanguy (2004), Magma changes at Mount Etna: The 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 397–414.[CrossRef]
Corsaro, R. A., and L. Miraglia (2004), Eruzione Etna 2004: Analisi petrografiche e composizionali preliminari, Inst. Naz. di Geofis. e Vulcanol., Catania, Italy. (Available at http://www.ct.ingv.it/Report/RPTVGPTR20040927.pdf)
Corsaro, R. A., and M. Pompilio (2004), Magma dynamics in the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna as recorded by compositional variations in volcanics of recent summit activity (1995–1999), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137, 55–71.[CrossRef]
Francis, P., M. R. Burton, and C. Oppenheimer (1998), Remote measurements of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy, Nature, 396, 567–570.[CrossRef]
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania (INGV-CT) (2001) Multidisciplinary insights into the 2001 Mt. Etna flank eruption, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(52), 653–656.[AGU]
La Delfa, S., G. Patanè, R. Clocchiatti, J. L. Joron, and J. C. Tanguy (2001), Activity of Mount Etna preceding the February 1999 fissure eruption: Inferred mechanism from seismological and geochemical data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 105, 121–139.[CrossRef]
Lanzafame, G., M. Neri, V. Acocella, A. Billi, R. Funiciello, and G. Giordano (2003), Structural features of the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption: Evidence for a complex magma supply system, J. Geol. Soc. London, 160, 531–544.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1989), A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 193 pp., Blackwell Sci., Malden, Mass.
Métrich, N., P. Allard, N. Spilliaert, D. Andronico, and M. Burton (2004), 2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 1–18, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.036.[CrossRef]
Neri, M., V. Acocella, and B. Behncke (2004), The role of the Pernicana fault system in the spreading of Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 417–430, doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0322-x.[CrossRef]
Patanè, D., O. Cocina, S. Falsaperla, E. Privitera, and S. Spampinato (2004), Mt. Etna volcano: A seismological framework, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 147–165, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Acocella, V., B. Behncke, M. Neri, and S. D'Amico (2003), Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2286, doi:10.1029/2003GL018642.[AGU]
Andronico, D., et al. (2005), A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002–03 Etna eruption: Insights for a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 314–330, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8.[CrossRef]
Billi, A., V. Acocella, R. Funiciello, G. Giordano, G. Lanzafame, and M. Neri (2003), Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated to the July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: Analysis of ephemeral field data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 122, 281–294.[CrossRef]
Bonaccorso, A., O. Campisi, G. Falzone, and S. Gambino (2004), Continuous tilt monitoring: A lesson from 20 years experience at Mt. Etna, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 307–320, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Burton, M., P. Allard, F. Murè, and C. Oppenheimer (2003), FTIR remote sensing of fractional magma degassing at Mount Etna, Sicily, in Volcanic Degassing, edited by C. Oppenheimer, D. Pyle, and J. Barclay, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 213, 281–293.
Caltabiano, T., M. Burton, S. Giammanco, P. Allard, N. Bruno, F. Murè, and R. Romano (2004), Volcanic gas emission from the summit craters and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987–2000, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 111–128, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Clocchiatti, R., M. Condomines, N. Guénot, and J. C. Tanguy (2004), Magma changes at Mount Etna: The 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 397–414.[CrossRef]
Corsaro, R. A., and L. Miraglia (2004), Eruzione Etna 2004: Analisi petrografiche e composizionali preliminari, Inst. Naz. di Geofis. e Vulcanol., Catania, Italy. (Available at http://www.ct.ingv.it/Report/RPTVGPTR20040927.pdf)
Corsaro, R. A., and M. Pompilio (2004), Magma dynamics in the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna as recorded by compositional variations in volcanics of recent summit activity (1995–1999), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137, 55–71.[CrossRef]
Francis, P., M. R. Burton, and C. Oppenheimer (1998), Remote measurements of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy, Nature, 396, 567–570.[CrossRef]
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania (INGV-CT) (2001) Multidisciplinary insights into the 2001 Mt. Etna flank eruption, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(52), 653–656.[AGU]
La Delfa, S., G. Patanè, R. Clocchiatti, J. L. Joron, and J. C. Tanguy (2001), Activity of Mount Etna preceding the February 1999 fissure eruption: Inferred mechanism from seismological and geochemical data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 105, 121–139.[CrossRef]
Lanzafame, G., M. Neri, V. Acocella, A. Billi, R. Funiciello, and G. Giordano (2003), Structural features of the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption: Evidence for a complex magma supply system, J. Geol. Soc. London, 160, 531–544.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1989), A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 193 pp., Blackwell Sci., Malden, Mass.
Métrich, N., P. Allard, N. Spilliaert, D. Andronico, and M. Burton (2004), 2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 1–18, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.036.[CrossRef]
Neri, M., V. Acocella, and B. Behncke (2004), The role of the Pernicana fault system in the spreading of Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 417–430, doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0322-x.[CrossRef]
Patanè, D., O. Cocina, S. Falsaperla, E. Privitera, and S. Spampinato (2004), Mt. Etna volcano: A seismological framework, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 143, edited by A. Bonaccorso et al., pp. 147–165, AGU, Washington, D. C.
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