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Magma ascent and eruptive processes from textural and compositional features of Monte Nuovo pyroclastic products, Campi Flegrei, Italy
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
67
Publisher
Springer international
Pages (printed)
663-678
Issued date
2005
Alternative Location
Abstract
Geochemical and textural studies were carried out on alkaline products of the AD 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption. Due to the integration of the volcanological study with eyewitness reports, the dynamics and timing of each phase of the eruption and the volume of emitted magmas are known in detail.On this basis, unique in Campi Flegrei, the relations between magma chamber mechanisms, eruptive styles, magma ascent dynamics and volatile exsolution processes have been explored. Glass and phenocryst compositions indicate that the erupted magma has a homogeneous phono-trachytic composition. Textures and compositions of phenocrysts indicate that they crystallised at equilibrium with the melt in the magma chamber, likely as a mushy boundary layer along the chamber wall, where the temperature was below the liquidus temperature of the crystal free-chamber core. The estimated crystallisation temperature is 850+-40°C. The magma phase relations in Petrogeny’s Residua System suggest that phenocryst crystallisation occurred at PH2O between 100 and 200 MPa, corresponding to depths ranging from 3 to 8 km. The microlite composition and their close genetic relations with vesicles indicate that groundmass crystallisation occurred during the eruption as a consequence of magma degassing and vesiculation induced by decompression during its ascent toward the surface. Crystal size distributions reveal that microlites grew in two stages of undercooling that we define as: (1) magma migration onset upward from the chamber and (2) magma rising through the conduit to the surface, possibly lasting tens of days and few days, respectively. These results provide information on the physical conditions that characterise pre- and syn-eruptive processes, which may be useful in order to define eruptive scenarios and to evaluate short-term precursors. Furthermore, the collected data provide for the first time information on degassinginduced crystallisation during the eruption of a highly evolved alkaline magma.
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Deino A, Curtis G, Rosi M (1992) 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Campanian Region, Italy. IGC Kyoto, Japan 24Aug.-3 Sept, Abstracts vol. 3, p 633
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Di Vito MA, Lirer L, Mastrolorenzo G, Rolandi G (1987) The Monte Nuovo eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy). Bull Volcanol 49:608–615
Di Vito MA, Isaia R, Orsi G, Southon J, D’Antonio M, de Vita S, Pappalardo L, Piochi M (1999) Volcanic and deformation history of the Campi Flegrei caldera in the past 12 ka. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91(2–4):221–246
Dowty E (1980) Crystal growth and nucleation theory and the numerical simulation of igneous crystallization. In: Hargraves RB (ed) The physics of magmatic processes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp 419–485
Dvorak JJ, Mastrolorenzo G (1991) The mechanisms of recent vertical crustal movements in Campi Flegrei caldera, southern Italy. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 263:47p
Dunbar NW, Jacobs GK, Naney MT (1995) Crystallization processes in an artificial magma: variation in crystal shape, growth rate and composition with melt history. Contrib Mineral Petrol 120:412–425
Eichelberger JC, Carrigan RC, Westrich HR, Price RH (1986) Nonexplosive silicic volcanism. Nature 323:598–602
Elkins L, Grove T (1990) Ternary feldspar experiments and thermodynamic models. Am Mineral 45(5–6):544–559
Ferrucci F, Hirn A, De Natale G, Virieux J, Mirabile L (1992) P-SV convertions at a shallow boundary beneath Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): evidence for the magma chamber. J Geophys Res 97:15,351–15,359
Finetti I, Morelli C (1974) Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli. Boll Geof Teor App 16:175–222
Fink JH, Manley CR (1987) Origin of pumiceous and glassy textures in rhyolite flows and domes. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 212:77–88
Florio G, Fedi M, Cella F, Rapolla A (1999) The Campanian Plain and the Phlegraean Fields: structural setting from potential field data. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91:361–380
Fuhrman ML, Lindsley DH (1988) Thernary-feldspar modeling and thermometry. Am Mineral 73:201–215
Gaeta FS, De Natale G, Peluso F, Mastrolorenzo G, Castagnolo D, Troise C, Mita DG, Rossano S, (1998) Genesis and evolution of unrest episodes at Campi Flegrei caldera: The role of thermal fluid-dynamical processes in the geothermal system. J Geophys Res 103:(B9):20921–20933
Gardner CA, Cashman KV, Neal CA (1998) Tephra-fall deposits from the 1992 eruption of Crater Peak, Alaska: implications of clast textures for eruptive processes. Bull Volcanol 59:537–555
Geschwind CH, Rutherford MJ (1995) Crystallization of microlites during magma ascent: the fluid mechanism of 1980-1986 eruption at Mount St Helens. Bull Volcanol 57:356–370
Ghiorso MS, Sack RO (1995) Chemical Mass Transfer in Magmatic Processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamic model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 119:197–212
Ghiorso MS, Hirschmann MM, Reiners PW, Kress VCI (2002) The pMELTS: An revision of MELTS aimed at improving calculation of phase relations and major element partitioning involved in partial melting of the mantle at pressures up to 3 GPa. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3(5), 10.1029/2001GC00021
Hamilton DL, MacKenzie WS (1965) Phase equilibrium studies in the system NaAlSiO4 (nepheline) – KalSiO4 (kalsilite)– SiO2 – H2O. Mineral Mag 34:214–231
Hammer JE, Cashman KV, Hoblit RP, Newman S (1999) Degassing and microlite crystallization during pre-climatic events of the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. Bull Volcanol 60:355–380
Higgins MD (1996) Magma dynamics beneath Kameni volcano, Thera, Greece, as revealed by crystal size and shape measurements. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 70:37–48
Higgins MD (2000) Measurements of crystal size distributions. Am Mineral 85:1105–1116
Higgins MD (2002) Closure in crystal size distributions (CSD), verification of CSD calculations, and the significance of CSD
fans. Am Mineral 87:171–175
Housh T, Luhr J (1991) Plagioclase-melt equilibria in hydrous systems. Am Mineral 76:477–492
Issel A (1883) Le oscillazioni lente del suolo o bradisismi. Atti R Univ Genova IV: 1–210
Kirkpatrik RJ (1975) Crystal growth from a melt—a review. Am Mineral 60:798–814
Klug C, Cashman KV (1996) Permeability development in vesiculating magmas: implication for fragmentation. Bull Volcanol 58:87–100
Le Bas MJ, Le Maitre RW, Streckeisen A, Zanettin B (1986) A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. J Petrol 27:745–750
Lirer L, Rolandi G, Di Vito MA, Mastrolorenzo G (1987) L’eruzione del Monte Nuovo (1538) nei Campi Flegrei. Boll Soc Geol It 106:447–460
Lofgren GE (1974) An experimental study of plagioclase crystal morphology: isothermal crystallisation. Am J Sci 274:243–273
Lofgren GE (1980) Experimental studies on the dynamic of crystallization of silicate melts. In: Hargraves R (ed) Physics of magmatic processes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 487–551
Marianelli P, Proto M, Sbrana A (2002). The Ignimbrite Campana magma chamber: pre-eruptive P-T-X conditions from melt inclusion data. Geophysical Research Abstract vol. 4, 2002 EGS, 27th General Assembly Nice, France, 21–26 April 2002
Marsh BD (1988) Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and kinetics and dynamics of crystallization. I. Theory. Contrib Mineral Petrol 99:277–291
Mastrolorenzo G, Munno R, Rolandi G (1993) Vesuvius 1906: a case study of a paroxysmal eruption and its relation to eruption cycles. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 58:217–237
Mastrolorenzo G, Brachi L, Canzanella A (2001) Vesicularity of various types of pyroclastic deposits of Campi Flegrei volcanic field: evidence of analogies in magma rise and vesiculation mechanisms. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 109:41–53
Nekvasil H (1992) Ternary feldspar crystallization in high temperature felsic magmas. Am Mineral 77:592–604
Newman S, Stopler EM, Epstein S (1986) Measurement of water in rhyolitic glasses: calibration of an infrared spectroscopic technique. Am Mineral 71:1527–1541
Nielsen CH, Sigurdsson H (1981) Quantitative methods for electron micropobe analysis of sodium in natural and synthetic glasses. Am Mineral 66:547–552
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