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Chemical evolution of thermal waters and changes in the hydrothermal system of Papandayan volcano (West Java, Indonesia) after the November 2002 eruption
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/178(2008)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
276-286
Issued date
June 27, 2008
Alternative Location
Subjects
Abstract
Papandayan is a stratovolcano situated in West Java, Indonesia. Since the last magmatic eruption in 1772,only few hydrothermal explosions have occurred. An explosive eruption occurred in November 2002 and
ejected ash and altered rocks. The altered rocks show that an advanced argillic alteration took place in the
hydrothermal system by interaction between acid fluids and rocks. Four zones of alteration have been defined and are limited in extension and shape along faults or across permeable structures at different levels
beneath the active crater of the volcano.
At the present time, the activity is centered in the northeast crater with discharge of low temperature fumaroles and acid hot springs.
Two types of acid fluids are emitted in the crater of Papandayan volcano: (1) acid sulfate-chloride waters with pH between 1.6 and 4.6 and (2) acid sulfate waters with pH between 1.2 and 2.5. The water samples
collected after the eruption on January 2003 reveal an increase in the SO4/Cl and Mg/Cl ratios. This evolution is likely explained by an increase in the neutralization of acid fluids and tends to show that water–rock
interactions were more significant after the eruption. The evolution in the chemistry observed since 2003 is the consequence of the opening of new fractures at depth where unaltered (or less altered) volcanic rocks
were in contact with the ascending acid waters. The high δ34S values (9–17‰) observed in acid sulfatechloride waters before the November 2002 eruption suggest that a significant fraction of dissolved sulfates
was formed by the disproportionation of magmatic SO2. On the other hand, the low δ34S (−0.3–7‰) observed in hot spring waters sampled after the eruption suggest that the hydrothermal contribution (i.e. the surficial
oxidation of hydrogen sulfide) has increased.
ejected ash and altered rocks. The altered rocks show that an advanced argillic alteration took place in the
hydrothermal system by interaction between acid fluids and rocks. Four zones of alteration have been defined and are limited in extension and shape along faults or across permeable structures at different levels
beneath the active crater of the volcano.
At the present time, the activity is centered in the northeast crater with discharge of low temperature fumaroles and acid hot springs.
Two types of acid fluids are emitted in the crater of Papandayan volcano: (1) acid sulfate-chloride waters with pH between 1.6 and 4.6 and (2) acid sulfate waters with pH between 1.2 and 2.5. The water samples
collected after the eruption on January 2003 reveal an increase in the SO4/Cl and Mg/Cl ratios. This evolution is likely explained by an increase in the neutralization of acid fluids and tends to show that water–rock
interactions were more significant after the eruption. The evolution in the chemistry observed since 2003 is the consequence of the opening of new fractures at depth where unaltered (or less altered) volcanic rocks
were in contact with the ascending acid waters. The high δ34S values (9–17‰) observed in acid sulfatechloride waters before the November 2002 eruption suggest that a significant fraction of dissolved sulfates
was formed by the disproportionation of magmatic SO2. On the other hand, the low δ34S (−0.3–7‰) observed in hot spring waters sampled after the eruption suggest that the hydrothermal contribution (i.e. the surficial
oxidation of hydrogen sulfide) has increased.
References
Arribas, A.J., Cunningham, C.G., Rytuba, J.J., Rye, R.O., Kelly,W.C., Podwysocki,M.H.,McKee,
E.H., Tosdal, R.M., 1995. Geology, geochronology, fluid inclusions, and isotope
geochemistry of the Rodalquilar gold alunite deposit, Spain. Economic Geology 90,
795–822.
Asmoro, P., Wachyundin, D., Mulyadi, E., 1989. Geological map of Papandayan volcano,
Garut, West Java. Directorate of Volcanology, Bandung.
Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K.,1991.WATEQ4f— user's manual with revised thermodynamic
database and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace and redox
elements in natural waters. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90–129 185 pp.
Bernard, A., Escobar, C.D., Mazot, A., Guttierrez, R.E., 2004. The acid crater lake of Santa
Ana volcano, El Salvador. Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, 121–133.
BVGN, 1998. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 23, 07 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
BVGN, 2002. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 27, 11 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
BVGN, 2003. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 28, 07 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
Christenson, B., Wood, C.P., 1993. Evolution of a vent-hosted hydrothermal system
beneath Ruapehu Crater Lake, New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology 55,
547–565.
Delmelle, P., Bernard, A.,1994. Geochemistry, mineralogy, and chemical modeling of the
acid crater lake of Kawah Ijen Volcano, Indonesia. Geochemica et Cosmochimica
Acta 58 (11), 2445–2460.
Federico, C., Aiuppa, A., Allard, P., Bellomo, S., Jean-Baptiste, P., Parello, F., Valenza, M.,
2002. Magma-derived gas influx and water–rock interactions in the volcanic
aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (6), 963–981.
Fischer, T.P., Sturchio, N.C., Stix, J., Arehart, G.B., Counce, D., Williams, S.N., 1997. The
chemical and isotopic composition of fumarolic gases and spring discharges from
Galeras Volcano, Colombia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 77,
229–253.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1992. Magma degassing and mineral deposition in hydrothermal
systems along convergent plate boundaries. Economic Geology 87, 1927–1944.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1996. Chemical composition of volcanic gases. In: R.W., S., R.I., T.
(Eds.), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, Berlin, pp. 221–256.
Giggenbach,W.F., Garcia, P.N., Londono, C.A., Rodriguez, V.L., Rojas, G.N., Calvache, V.M.L.,
1990. The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the
Nevado del Ruiz volcanic–magmatic–hydrothermal system, Colombia. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 42, 13–39.
Giggenbach, W.F., Goguel, R.L., 1989. Methods for the collection and analysis of
geothermal and volcanic water and gas samples. CD 2387. Department of scientific
and industrial research, chemistry devision.
Giggenbach, W.F., Tedesco, D., Sulistiyo, Y., Caprai, A., Cioni, R., Favara, R., Fischer, T.P.,
Hirabayashi, J.-I., Korzhinsky, M., Martini, M., Menyailov, I., Shinohara, H., 2001.
Evaluation of results from the fourth and fifth IAVCEI field workshops on volcanic
gases, Vulcano island, Italy and Java, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research 108, 157–172.
Hemley, J.J., Montoya, J.W., Marinenko, J.W., Luce, R.W., 1980. Equilibria in the system
Al2O3–SiO2–H2O and some general implications for alteration/mineralization
processes. Economic Geology 75, 210–228.
Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A.J., Reynolds, T.J., 1998. Evolution of an intrusion-centered
hydrothermal system: Far Southeast–Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu–Au
deposits, Philippines. Economic Geology 93 (4), 373–404.
Hedenquist, J.W., Matsuhisa, Y., Izawa, E., White, N.C., Giggenbach, W.F., Aoki, M., 1994.
Geology, geochemistry, and origin of high sulfidation Cu–Au mineralization in the
Nansatsu District, Japan. Economic Geology 89 (1), 1–30.
Johnson, J.W., Oelkers, E.H., Helgeson, H.C., 1992. SUPCRT92: a software package for
calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases,
aqueous species, and reactions from 1 to 5000 bar and 0 to 1000 °C. Computers &
Geosciences 18 (7), 899–947.
Kiyosu, Y., Kurahashi, M., 1983. Origin of sulfur species in acid sulfate-chloride thermal
waters, northeastern Japan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 47, 1237–1245.
Kusakabe, M., Komoda, Y., 1992. Sulfur isotopic effects in the disproportionation
reaction of sulfur dioxide at hydrothermal temperatures. Geological Survey of Japan
Report 279, 93–96.
Marumo, K., 1989. Genesis of kaolin minerals and pyrophyllite in Kuroko deposits of
Japan: implications for the origins of the hydrothermal fluids from mineralogical
and stable isotope data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 2915–2924.
Murowchick, J.B., Barnes, H.L., 1986. Marcasite precipitation from hydrothermal
solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 2615–2629.
Neuman van Padang, M., 1951. Indonesia. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the
World, vol. 1. IAVCEI, Rome, pp. 1–271.
Nogami, K., Hirabayashi, J.-I., Ohba, T., Yoshiike, Y., 2000. The 1997 phreatic eruption of
Akita–Yakeyama volcano, northeast Japan: insight into the hydrothermal processes.
Earth Planets Space 52, 229–236.
Ohba, T., Hirabayashi, J.-I., Nogami, K., 1994.Water, heat and chloride budgets of the crater
lake, Yugama at Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan. Geochemical Journal 28, 217–231.
Ohmoto, H., Goldhaber, M.B., 1997. Sulfur and carbon isotopes, In: Barnes, H.L. (Ed.),
Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, (third edition). Wiley &Sons, New
York, pp. 517–611.
Ohsawa, S., Takano, B., Kusakabe, M.,Watanuki, K., 1993. Variation in volcanic activity of
Kusatsu–Shirane volcano as inferred from δ34S in sulfate from the Yugama crater
lake. Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan 38, 95–99.
Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J., 1999. User's guide to PHREEQC— a computer program for
speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical
calculations. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4259,
312 pp.
Reyes, A.G., 1990. Petrology of Philippines geothermal systems and the application of
alteration mineralogy to their assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 43, 279–309.
Stoffregen, R., Alpers, C.N., Jambor, J.L., 2000. Alunite–jarosite cristallography, thermodynamics,
and geochronology. In: Alpers, C.N., Jambor, J.L., Nordstrom, D.K. (Eds.),
Sulfate Minerals— Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance.
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry. The Mineralogical Society of America,
Washington, pp. 453–480.
Takano, B.,Watanuki, K., 1990. Monitoring of volcanic eruptions at Yugama crater lake by
aqueous sulfur oxyanions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 40, 71–87.
Taran, Y., Fischer, T.P., Pokrovsky, B., Sano, Y., Aurora Armienta, M., Macias, J.L., 1998.
Geochemistry of the volcano-hydrothermal system of El Chichon Volcano, Chiapas,
Mexico. Bulletin of Volcanology 59, 436–449.
Taran, Y., Pokrovsky, B., Dubik, Y.M., 1989. Isotopic composition and origin of water from
andesitic magmas. Doklady (Translations) Academy of Science USSR 304, 401–404.
Taran, Y.A., Hedenquist, J.W., Korzhinsky, M.A., Tkachenko, S.I., Shmulovich, K.I., 1995.
Geochemistry of magmatic gases from Kudryavy volcano, Iturup, Kuril Islands.
Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 (9), 1749–1761.
Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Cappaccioni, B., Macias, J.L., Nencetti, A., Montegrossi, G., Magro, G.,
2003. Chemical composition of fumarolic gases and spring discharges from El
Chichon volcano, Mexico: causes and implications of the changes detected over the
period 1998–2000. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 123, 105–121.
Valentino, G.M., Cortecci, G., Franco, E., Stanzione, D., 1999. Chemical and isotopic
compositions of minerals and waters from the Campi Flegrei volcanic system,
Naples, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91, 329–344.
Varekamp, J.C., Kreulen, R., 2000. The stable isotope geochemistry of volcanic lakes,
with examples from Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97,
309–327.
Varekamp, J.C., Pasternack, G.B., Rowe, G.L., 2000. Volcanic Lake systematics II. Chemical
constraints. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97, 161–180.
Wright, H.M.N., Cashman, K.V., Rosi, M., Cioni, R., 2007. Breadcrust bombs as indicators
of Vulcanian eruption dynamics at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador. Bulletin of
Volcanology 69, 281–300.
Yilmaz, H., 2003. Exploration at the Kuscaryiri Au (Cu) prospect and its implications for
porphyry-related mineralization in western Turkey. Journal of Geochemical
Exploration 77, 133–150.
286 A. Mazot et al. / Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 178 (2008) 276–286
E.H., Tosdal, R.M., 1995. Geology, geochronology, fluid inclusions, and isotope
geochemistry of the Rodalquilar gold alunite deposit, Spain. Economic Geology 90,
795–822.
Asmoro, P., Wachyundin, D., Mulyadi, E., 1989. Geological map of Papandayan volcano,
Garut, West Java. Directorate of Volcanology, Bandung.
Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K.,1991.WATEQ4f— user's manual with revised thermodynamic
database and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace and redox
elements in natural waters. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90–129 185 pp.
Bernard, A., Escobar, C.D., Mazot, A., Guttierrez, R.E., 2004. The acid crater lake of Santa
Ana volcano, El Salvador. Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, 121–133.
BVGN, 1998. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 23, 07 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
BVGN, 2002. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 27, 11 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
BVGN, 2003. Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network 28, 07 http//volcano.si.edu/reports/
usgs.
Christenson, B., Wood, C.P., 1993. Evolution of a vent-hosted hydrothermal system
beneath Ruapehu Crater Lake, New Zealand. Bulletin of Volcanology 55,
547–565.
Delmelle, P., Bernard, A.,1994. Geochemistry, mineralogy, and chemical modeling of the
acid crater lake of Kawah Ijen Volcano, Indonesia. Geochemica et Cosmochimica
Acta 58 (11), 2445–2460.
Federico, C., Aiuppa, A., Allard, P., Bellomo, S., Jean-Baptiste, P., Parello, F., Valenza, M.,
2002. Magma-derived gas influx and water–rock interactions in the volcanic
aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (6), 963–981.
Fischer, T.P., Sturchio, N.C., Stix, J., Arehart, G.B., Counce, D., Williams, S.N., 1997. The
chemical and isotopic composition of fumarolic gases and spring discharges from
Galeras Volcano, Colombia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 77,
229–253.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1992. Magma degassing and mineral deposition in hydrothermal
systems along convergent plate boundaries. Economic Geology 87, 1927–1944.
Giggenbach, W.F., 1996. Chemical composition of volcanic gases. In: R.W., S., R.I., T.
(Eds.), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards, Berlin, pp. 221–256.
Giggenbach,W.F., Garcia, P.N., Londono, C.A., Rodriguez, V.L., Rojas, G.N., Calvache, V.M.L.,
1990. The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the
Nevado del Ruiz volcanic–magmatic–hydrothermal system, Colombia. Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research 42, 13–39.
Giggenbach, W.F., Goguel, R.L., 1989. Methods for the collection and analysis of
geothermal and volcanic water and gas samples. CD 2387. Department of scientific
and industrial research, chemistry devision.
Giggenbach, W.F., Tedesco, D., Sulistiyo, Y., Caprai, A., Cioni, R., Favara, R., Fischer, T.P.,
Hirabayashi, J.-I., Korzhinsky, M., Martini, M., Menyailov, I., Shinohara, H., 2001.
Evaluation of results from the fourth and fifth IAVCEI field workshops on volcanic
gases, Vulcano island, Italy and Java, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research 108, 157–172.
Hemley, J.J., Montoya, J.W., Marinenko, J.W., Luce, R.W., 1980. Equilibria in the system
Al2O3–SiO2–H2O and some general implications for alteration/mineralization
processes. Economic Geology 75, 210–228.
Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A.J., Reynolds, T.J., 1998. Evolution of an intrusion-centered
hydrothermal system: Far Southeast–Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu–Au
deposits, Philippines. Economic Geology 93 (4), 373–404.
Hedenquist, J.W., Matsuhisa, Y., Izawa, E., White, N.C., Giggenbach, W.F., Aoki, M., 1994.
Geology, geochemistry, and origin of high sulfidation Cu–Au mineralization in the
Nansatsu District, Japan. Economic Geology 89 (1), 1–30.
Johnson, J.W., Oelkers, E.H., Helgeson, H.C., 1992. SUPCRT92: a software package for
calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases,
aqueous species, and reactions from 1 to 5000 bar and 0 to 1000 °C. Computers &
Geosciences 18 (7), 899–947.
Kiyosu, Y., Kurahashi, M., 1983. Origin of sulfur species in acid sulfate-chloride thermal
waters, northeastern Japan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 47, 1237–1245.
Kusakabe, M., Komoda, Y., 1992. Sulfur isotopic effects in the disproportionation
reaction of sulfur dioxide at hydrothermal temperatures. Geological Survey of Japan
Report 279, 93–96.
Marumo, K., 1989. Genesis of kaolin minerals and pyrophyllite in Kuroko deposits of
Japan: implications for the origins of the hydrothermal fluids from mineralogical
and stable isotope data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 2915–2924.
Murowchick, J.B., Barnes, H.L., 1986. Marcasite precipitation from hydrothermal
solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 2615–2629.
Neuman van Padang, M., 1951. Indonesia. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the
World, vol. 1. IAVCEI, Rome, pp. 1–271.
Nogami, K., Hirabayashi, J.-I., Ohba, T., Yoshiike, Y., 2000. The 1997 phreatic eruption of
Akita–Yakeyama volcano, northeast Japan: insight into the hydrothermal processes.
Earth Planets Space 52, 229–236.
Ohba, T., Hirabayashi, J.-I., Nogami, K., 1994.Water, heat and chloride budgets of the crater
lake, Yugama at Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan. Geochemical Journal 28, 217–231.
Ohmoto, H., Goldhaber, M.B., 1997. Sulfur and carbon isotopes, In: Barnes, H.L. (Ed.),
Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, (third edition). Wiley &Sons, New
York, pp. 517–611.
Ohsawa, S., Takano, B., Kusakabe, M.,Watanuki, K., 1993. Variation in volcanic activity of
Kusatsu–Shirane volcano as inferred from δ34S in sulfate from the Yugama crater
lake. Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan 38, 95–99.
Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J., 1999. User's guide to PHREEQC— a computer program for
speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical
calculations. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4259,
312 pp.
Reyes, A.G., 1990. Petrology of Philippines geothermal systems and the application of
alteration mineralogy to their assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 43, 279–309.
Stoffregen, R., Alpers, C.N., Jambor, J.L., 2000. Alunite–jarosite cristallography, thermodynamics,
and geochronology. In: Alpers, C.N., Jambor, J.L., Nordstrom, D.K. (Eds.),
Sulfate Minerals— Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance.
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry. The Mineralogical Society of America,
Washington, pp. 453–480.
Takano, B.,Watanuki, K., 1990. Monitoring of volcanic eruptions at Yugama crater lake by
aqueous sulfur oxyanions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 40, 71–87.
Taran, Y., Fischer, T.P., Pokrovsky, B., Sano, Y., Aurora Armienta, M., Macias, J.L., 1998.
Geochemistry of the volcano-hydrothermal system of El Chichon Volcano, Chiapas,
Mexico. Bulletin of Volcanology 59, 436–449.
Taran, Y., Pokrovsky, B., Dubik, Y.M., 1989. Isotopic composition and origin of water from
andesitic magmas. Doklady (Translations) Academy of Science USSR 304, 401–404.
Taran, Y.A., Hedenquist, J.W., Korzhinsky, M.A., Tkachenko, S.I., Shmulovich, K.I., 1995.
Geochemistry of magmatic gases from Kudryavy volcano, Iturup, Kuril Islands.
Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 (9), 1749–1761.
Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Cappaccioni, B., Macias, J.L., Nencetti, A., Montegrossi, G., Magro, G.,
2003. Chemical composition of fumarolic gases and spring discharges from El
Chichon volcano, Mexico: causes and implications of the changes detected over the
period 1998–2000. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 123, 105–121.
Valentino, G.M., Cortecci, G., Franco, E., Stanzione, D., 1999. Chemical and isotopic
compositions of minerals and waters from the Campi Flegrei volcanic system,
Naples, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91, 329–344.
Varekamp, J.C., Kreulen, R., 2000. The stable isotope geochemistry of volcanic lakes,
with examples from Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97,
309–327.
Varekamp, J.C., Pasternack, G.B., Rowe, G.L., 2000. Volcanic Lake systematics II. Chemical
constraints. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97, 161–180.
Wright, H.M.N., Cashman, K.V., Rosi, M., Cioni, R., 2007. Breadcrust bombs as indicators
of Vulcanian eruption dynamics at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador. Bulletin of
Volcanology 69, 281–300.
Yilmaz, H., 2003. Exploration at the Kuscaryiri Au (Cu) prospect and its implications for
porphyry-related mineralization in western Turkey. Journal of Geochemical
Exploration 77, 133–150.
286 A. Mazot et al. / Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 178 (2008) 276–286
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