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GPS sensitivity analysis applied to non-permanent deformation control networks
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/73 (1999)
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Pages (printed)
158-167
Issued date
1999
Abstract
This paper illustrates the surveys and the
results obtained in an experiment whose goal is to
evaluate the Global Positioning System (GPS) sensitivity
and accuracy for deformation control on non-permanent network of di fferent extensions. To this aim a high-precision device was properly built to set up known
displacements along three orthogonal axes of a GPS antenna. One of the antennas in the considered GPS networks was moved according to centimeter and sub-centimeter displacements; after careful GPS data pro-
cessing, it was evaluated whether these simulated deformations were correctly a posteriori detected and at which probability level. This experiment was carried out
both on a local (baselines ranging between 3 and 30 km)and on a regional (baselines ranging between 300 and
600 km) GPS network. The results show that in the local network it is possible to identify the displacements at a level of 10 mm in height and at a level of 5 mm in
horizontal position. The analysis of the regional network showed that it is fundamental to investigate new
strategies to model the troposphere; in fact, it is necessary to improve the precision of the height in order to correctly identify displacements lower than 60±
80 mm; on the contrary, horizontal displacements can
be evidenced at the level of 20 mm.
results obtained in an experiment whose goal is to
evaluate the Global Positioning System (GPS) sensitivity
and accuracy for deformation control on non-permanent network of di fferent extensions. To this aim a high-precision device was properly built to set up known
displacements along three orthogonal axes of a GPS antenna. One of the antennas in the considered GPS networks was moved according to centimeter and sub-centimeter displacements; after careful GPS data pro-
cessing, it was evaluated whether these simulated deformations were correctly a posteriori detected and at which probability level. This experiment was carried out
both on a local (baselines ranging between 3 and 30 km)and on a regional (baselines ranging between 300 and
600 km) GPS network. The results show that in the local network it is possible to identify the displacements at a level of 10 mm in height and at a level of 5 mm in
horizontal position. The analysis of the regional network showed that it is fundamental to investigate new
strategies to model the troposphere; in fact, it is necessary to improve the precision of the height in order to correctly identify displacements lower than 60±
80 mm; on the contrary, horizontal displacements can
be evidenced at the level of 20 mm.
References
Anzidei M, Baldi P, Casula G, Crespi M, Riguzzi F (1996) Re-
peated GPS surveys across the Ionian Sea: evidence of crustal
deformations. Geophys J Int 127: 257±267
Balestri L, Biagi L, Magnoni G, Zucchi M (1994) GPS sensibility
test for the control of deformations. Proc. Istanbul ± 94, 1st Int
Symp on Deformations in Turkey. TMMOB-HKMO, Chamber
of Surveying Engineers, Ankara, Turkey pp. 213±222
Bastos L, Osorio J, Hein G, Landau H (1996) GPS derived dis-
placements in the Azores triple junction region. In: Beutler G,
Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in precise
terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int Assoc
Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp 99±104
Bock Y, Shimada S (1990) Continuously monitoring GPS networks
for deformation measurements. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds)
Global positioning system: an overview. Int Assoc Geod Symp,
vol. 102. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 40±56
Coulon B, Caristan Y (1990). Monitoring displacements by GPS: a
calibration test. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds) Global positioning
system: an overview. Int Assoc of Geod Symp, vol. 102.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 112±119
Crespi M (1996) A software package for the adjustment and the
analysis of GPS control networks. In: Unguendoli M (ed) Re-
ports on surveying and geodesy. DISTART UniversitaÁ di Bo-
logna, Edizioni Nautilus, pp 237±264
Crespi M, Sguerso D (1993) Manuale d'uso del programma di
compensazione di basi GPS NETGPS. Internal rep, DIIAR,
Sez. Rilevamento, Politecnico di Milano (in Italian)
Gendt G, Dick G, Reigber C (1996) Global plate kinematics esti-
mated by GPS data of the IGS core network. In: Beutler G,
Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in precise
terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int Assoc
Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp 30±34
Kahle HG, Muller MV, Mueller S, Veis G, Billiris H, Paradissis D
(1992) Geodynamics of the West Hellenic Arc: ®rst results form
GPS measurements. Proc 6th Int Geod Symp Satellite posi-
tioning, Columbus, OH, 17±20 March, pp 917±926
King RW, Blewitt G (1990) Present capabilities of GPS for high-
precision regional surveys. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds) Global
positioning system: an overview. Int Assoc Geod Symp, vol.
102. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 24±39
Koch KR (1988) Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in
linear models. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Kostelecky J, Novak P, Skorepa L, Simek J (1996) Analysis of
continuous GPS observations for geodynamics purposes. In:
Beutler G, Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in
precise terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int
Assoc Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New
York, pp 65±69
Miyazaki S, Hatanaka Y, Sagiya T, Tada T (1998) The nationwide
GPS array as an Earth observation system. Bull Geog Surv Inst
44: 11±22
Noomen R, Springer TA, Ambrosius AC, Herzberger K, Kuijper
DC, Mets GJ, Overgaauw B and Wakker KF (1996) Crustal
deformations in the Mediterranean area computed from SLR
and GPS observations. J Geodynam 21(1): 73±96
Reilinger RE, McClusky SC, Oral MB, King RW, Toskoz MN,
Barka AA, Kinik I, Lenk O, Sanli I (1997) Global positioning
system measurements of present-day crustal movements in the
Arabia±Africa±Eurasia plate collision zone. J Geophys Res
102(B5): 9983±9999
Rothacher M, Beutler G, Gurtner W, Brockmann E, Mervart L
(1993) Bernese GPS software version 3.5. O print, University of
Bern
Rothacher M, Springer TA, Schaer S, Beutler G (1997) Processing
strategies for regional GPS networks, Int Assoc Geod General
Assembly, Rio, 3±9 September (in press)
Teunissen PGJ (1984) Zero order design: generalized inverses, ad-
justment, the datum problem and S-transformations. In:
Grafarend EW, Sanso' F (eds) Optimization and design of geo-
detic networks. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 11±55
peated GPS surveys across the Ionian Sea: evidence of crustal
deformations. Geophys J Int 127: 257±267
Balestri L, Biagi L, Magnoni G, Zucchi M (1994) GPS sensibility
test for the control of deformations. Proc. Istanbul ± 94, 1st Int
Symp on Deformations in Turkey. TMMOB-HKMO, Chamber
of Surveying Engineers, Ankara, Turkey pp. 213±222
Bastos L, Osorio J, Hein G, Landau H (1996) GPS derived dis-
placements in the Azores triple junction region. In: Beutler G,
Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in precise
terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int Assoc
Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp 99±104
Bock Y, Shimada S (1990) Continuously monitoring GPS networks
for deformation measurements. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds)
Global positioning system: an overview. Int Assoc Geod Symp,
vol. 102. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 40±56
Coulon B, Caristan Y (1990). Monitoring displacements by GPS: a
calibration test. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds) Global positioning
system: an overview. Int Assoc of Geod Symp, vol. 102.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 112±119
Crespi M (1996) A software package for the adjustment and the
analysis of GPS control networks. In: Unguendoli M (ed) Re-
ports on surveying and geodesy. DISTART UniversitaÁ di Bo-
logna, Edizioni Nautilus, pp 237±264
Crespi M, Sguerso D (1993) Manuale d'uso del programma di
compensazione di basi GPS NETGPS. Internal rep, DIIAR,
Sez. Rilevamento, Politecnico di Milano (in Italian)
Gendt G, Dick G, Reigber C (1996) Global plate kinematics esti-
mated by GPS data of the IGS core network. In: Beutler G,
Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in precise
terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int Assoc
Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp 30±34
Kahle HG, Muller MV, Mueller S, Veis G, Billiris H, Paradissis D
(1992) Geodynamics of the West Hellenic Arc: ®rst results form
GPS measurements. Proc 6th Int Geod Symp Satellite posi-
tioning, Columbus, OH, 17±20 March, pp 917±926
King RW, Blewitt G (1990) Present capabilities of GPS for high-
precision regional surveys. In: Bock Y, Leppard N (eds) Global
positioning system: an overview. Int Assoc Geod Symp, vol.
102. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 24±39
Koch KR (1988) Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in
linear models. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Kostelecky J, Novak P, Skorepa L, Simek J (1996) Analysis of
continuous GPS observations for geodynamics purposes. In:
Beutler G, Hein G, Melbourne W, Seeber G (eds) GPS trends in
precise terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne applications. Int
Assoc Geod Symp, vol. 115. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New
York, pp 65±69
Miyazaki S, Hatanaka Y, Sagiya T, Tada T (1998) The nationwide
GPS array as an Earth observation system. Bull Geog Surv Inst
44: 11±22
Noomen R, Springer TA, Ambrosius AC, Herzberger K, Kuijper
DC, Mets GJ, Overgaauw B and Wakker KF (1996) Crustal
deformations in the Mediterranean area computed from SLR
and GPS observations. J Geodynam 21(1): 73±96
Reilinger RE, McClusky SC, Oral MB, King RW, Toskoz MN,
Barka AA, Kinik I, Lenk O, Sanli I (1997) Global positioning
system measurements of present-day crustal movements in the
Arabia±Africa±Eurasia plate collision zone. J Geophys Res
102(B5): 9983±9999
Rothacher M, Beutler G, Gurtner W, Brockmann E, Mervart L
(1993) Bernese GPS software version 3.5. O print, University of
Bern
Rothacher M, Springer TA, Schaer S, Beutler G (1997) Processing
strategies for regional GPS networks, Int Assoc Geod General
Assembly, Rio, 3±9 September (in press)
Teunissen PGJ (1984) Zero order design: generalized inverses, ad-
justment, the datum problem and S-transformations. In:
Grafarend EW, Sanso' F (eds) Optimization and design of geo-
detic networks. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 11±55
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