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Evidence of Possible Enhanced Peat Burning by Deep-Origin Methane in the Po River Delta Plain (Italy)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
4 / 116 (2008)
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Pages (printed)
401-413
Issued date
July 2008
Abstract
A burning peat site in the Po Valley (Italy) has been investigated for the first time. Beyond the smoke from the smoldering combustion of peat, there are carbonatic concretions and huge amounts of methane in the soil (>60% by vol.), leading to fluxes to the atmosphere of the order of 10 to the power of 2/10 to the power of 3 mg m to the power of -2 d to the power of -1. A wide range of analyses (gas composition, stable isotopes of CH4 and CaCO3, methane radiocarbon) were performed in order to understand whether methane is produced by peat layers or seeps from deeper natural gas reservoirs. The quasi-fossil character of CH4, methane-derived carbonates, methane-stable isotopic compositions related to marine carbonates reduction, the presence of helium, and a fault corresponding to the burning site all converge to indicate that the major part of the methane ascends from deep horizons. Such methane seepage is likely to feed the peat combustion, explaining the observed phenomena and the large outbursts of historical gas-emission events.
References
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quality and global climate. In Levine, J. S., ed.
Global biomass burning: atmospheric, climatic and
biospheric implications. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press,
p. 3–21.
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Geofis. Teor. Appl. 47:271–298.
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bacteria in the formation of cold seep carbonates:
geological evidence from Monferrato (Tertiary, NW
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106:429–440.
Etiope, G.; Caracausi, A.; Favara, R.; Italiano, F.; and
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of Sicily (Italy). Geophys. Res. Lett. 29:1215,
doi:10.1029/2001GL014340.
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2007. Methane seeps and mud volcanoes in Italy:
gas origin, fractionation and emission to the atmosphere.
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2007GL030341.
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the ancient Delphic Oracle (Greece): a reappraisal of
natural gas occurrence and origin. Geology 34:
821–824.
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coast of Italy: tectonic implications. Quat. Int. 145–
146:30–54.
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Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe and
the Commonwealth of Independent States, September
1–4, 2003, Prague, Czech Republic. http://www
.prague2003.fsu.edu.
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scale 1∶50,000.
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from the Holocene of the Po Plain, Italy. Mar. Geol.
222–223:7–18.
Amorosi, A.; Centineo, M. C.; and Severi, P. 2000. Stratigrafia
dei depositi Tardoquaternari lungo la sezione
Bologna-Valli di Comacchio (Pianura padana sudorientale).
In Ufficio Geologico, Servizio SIG Regione
Emilia Romagna, ed. Le Pianure: conoscenza e salvaguardia
(Atti Convegno, Ferrara, 1999). Bologna,
p. 311–314.
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quality and global climate. In Levine, J. S., ed.
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biospheric implications. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press,
p. 3–21.
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della torbiera bassa di Canar ed evoluzione pedoalluvionale
delle sequenze di riempimento del suo
antico bacino fluvio-palustre. Quad. Padusa 2:31–103.
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Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna 5:1–5.
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2 vols. Berlin, 1462 p.
Boccaletti, M.; Bonini, M.; Corti, G.; Gasperini, P.;
Martelli, L.; Piccardi, L.; Tanini, C.; and Vannucci,
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Romagna, Firenze, SELCA, 1 sheet, scale 1∶250,000.
Boccaletti, M., and Martelli, L., eds. 2004. Note illustrative
della Carta sismotettonica della Regione
Emilia-Romagna. Firenze, SELCA, 60 p., scale 1∶ 250,000.
Bortolami, G. C.; Fontes, J. C.; Markgraf, V.; and
Saliege, J. F. 1977. Land, sea and climate in the
northern Adriatic region during Late Pleistocene
and Holocene. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
21:139–156.
Carminati, E.; Martinelli, G.; and Severi, P. 2002. Subsidence
rates in the Po Plain, northern Italy: the
relative impact of natural and anthropogenic causation.
Eng. Geol. 66:241–255.
Castellarin, A.; Eva, C.; Giglia, G.; and Vai, G. B. 1985.
Analisi strutturale del Fronte Appenninico Padano.
G. Geol. 47:47–75.
Castellarin, A.; Rabbi, E.; Cremonini, S.; Martelli, L.; and
Piattoni, F. 2006. New insights into the underground
hydrology of the eastern Po Plain (northern Italy). Boll.
Geofis. Teor. Appl. 47:271–298.
Cavagna, S.; Clari, P.; and Martire, L. 1999. The role of
bacteria in the formation of cold seep carbonates:
geological evidence from Monferrato (Tertiary, NW
Italy). Sediment. Geol. 126:253–270.
Cerrina Ferroni, A.; Ottria, G.; Martinelli, P.; Martelli, L.;
and Catanzariti, R. 2002. Carta geologico-strutturale
dell’Appennino Emiliano-Romagnolo. Firenze, SELCA,
1 sheet, scale 1∶250,000.
Chanton, J. P.; Bauer, J. E.; Glaser, P. A.; Siegel, D. I.;
Kelley, C. A.; Tyler, S. C.; Romanowicz, E. H.; and
Lazrus, A. 1995. Radiocarbon evidence for the substrates
supporting methane formation within northern
Minnesota peatlands. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.
59:3663–3668.
Conti, A.; Stefanon, A.; and Zuppi, G. M. 2002. Gas seeps
and rock formation in the Northern Adriatic Sea.
Continental Shelf Res. 22:2333–2344.
Cremonini, S. 1994. Lineamenti evolutivi del paesaggio
fisico del territorio di Bagnacavallo nel contesto paleoidrografico
romagnolo. In Calbi, A., and Susini, G., eds.
Storia di Bagnacavallo. Bologna, Fotocromo Emiliana,
1:1–39.
———. 1995. Dati sul livello del mare in età antica dal
litorale adriatico Emiliano Romagnolo e settentrionale.
Atti Mem. Dep. St. Pat. Prov. Romagna 45:
3–103.
Curzi, P. V. 1998. Sedimentation, subsidence and tectonics
affecting gas charged sediments in central Adriatic
Sea. In Curzi, P. V., and Judd, A. G., eds. V International
Conference on Gas in Marine Sediments—Abstracts,
Bologna, p. 182–184.
Curzi, P. V.; Lenaz, R.; Marabini, S.; and Vai, G. B. 1987.
Mesostrutture deformative tipo pockmark in un paleosuolo
olocenico di Romagna. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital. 10:
38–40.
Donovan, T. J.; Friedman, I.; and Gleason, J. D. 1974.
Recognition of petroleum-bearing traps by unusual
isotopic composition of carbonate-cemented surface
rocks. Geology 2:351–354.
Duval, B., and Goodwin, S. 2000. Methane production
and release from two New England peatlands. Int.
Microbiol. 3:89–95.
Elliot, T.; Ballentine, C. J.; O’Nions, R. K.; and Ricchiuto,
T. 1993. Carbon, helium, neon and argon isotopes in a
Po Basin (northern Italy) natural gas field. Chem. Geol.
106:429–440.
Etiope, G.; Caracausi, A.; Favara, R.; Italiano, F.; and
Baciu, C. 2002. Methane emission from the mud volcanoes
of Sicily (Italy). Geophys. Res. Lett. 29:1215,
doi:10.1029/2001GL014340.
Etiope, G.; Feyzullaiev, A.; Baciu, C. L.; and Milkov, A. V.
2004. Methane emission from mud volcanoes in
eastern Azerbaijan. Geology 32:465–468.
Etiope, G.; Martinelli, G.; Caracausi, A.; and Italiano, F.
2007. Methane seeps and mud volcanoes in Italy:
gas origin, fractionation and emission to the atmosphere.
Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 34, doi:10.1029/
2007GL030341.
Etiope, G.; Papatheodorou, G.; Christodoulou, D.; Geraga,
M.; and Favali, P. 2006. The geological links of
the ancient Delphic Oracle (Greece): a reappraisal of
natural gas occurrence and origin. Geology 34:
821–824.
Ferranti, L.; Antonioli, F.; Mauz, B.; Amorosi, A.; Dai Pra,
G.; Mastronuzzi, G.; Monaco, C.; et al. 2006. Markers
of the last interglacial sea-level high stand along the
coast of Italy: tectonic implications. Quat. Int. 145–
146:30–54.
Frandsen,W. H. 1997. Ignition probability of organic soils.
Can. J. For. Res. 27:1471–1477.
GEMINA (Geomineraria Nazionale). 1963. Ligniti e torbe
dell’Italia Continentale. Torino, ILTE, 319 p.
Holder Egger, O. 1879. Agnelli Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae
Ravennatis. In Scriptores Rerum Langobardicarum
et Italicarum, Saecc. VI–IX, Monumenta Germaniae
Historica. Hannoverae, Wailtz G., chap. 53, p. 315.
ING-SGA (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Società di
Geofisica Applicata). 1995. Catalogo dei forti terremoti
in Italia dal 461 a.C. al 1980. Bologna, Grafica
Ragno. 973 p.
Kakareka, S. V.; Kukharchyk, T. I.; Chuduk, V. N.; and
Kurman, P. V. 2003. Study of peatland fires as
sources of PAH emission. In Sixth International
Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental
Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe and
the Commonwealth of Independent States, September
1–4, 2003, Prague, Czech Republic. http://www
.prague2003.fsu.edu.
Koban, C. G., and Schweigert, G. 1993. Microbial origin of
travertine fabrics: two examples from southern Germany
(Pleistocene Stuttgart Travertines and Miocene
Riedoschingen Travertine). Facies 29:251–264.
Lambeck, K.; Antonioli, F.; Purcell, A.; and Silenzi, S.
2004. Sea-level change along the Italian coast for the
past 10,000 yr. Quat. Sci. Rev. 23:1567–1598.
Leip, A. 2000. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a coastal catchment in the delta of the Po River: measurement
and modelling of fluxes from a Mediterranean
lagoon and agricultural soils. PhD thesis. Report EU
19052 EN. Ispra, Italy, Joint Research Centre, European
Commission.
Lenzi, G. 1993. Ricostruzione del modello geologico del
sottosuolo nelle Valli di Comacchio sulla base di
sondaggi eseguiti all’interno ed al contorno delle residuali
Valli: considerazioni stratigrafiche, litologiche,
geotecniche e mineralogiche. Technical report. Bologna,
ENEA, AMB-MON-AMCOS. 150 p.
Levine, J. S. 1999. The 1997 fires in Kalimantan and
Sumatra, Indonesia: gaseous and particulate emissions.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 26:815–818.
Martinis, B. 1961. Manifestazioni petrolifere italiane. In
E.N.I. (Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi), ed. Enciclopedia
del petrolio e del gas naturale 6:1251–1265.
Massoli, D.; Koy, H. A.; and Barchi, M. R. 2006. Structural
evolution of a fold and thrust belt generated by multiple
décollements: analogue models and natural examples
from the Northern Apennines (Italy). J. Struct.
Geol. 28:185–199.
Mattavelli, L., and Novelli, L., eds. 1988. Organic geochemistry
in petroleum exploration (Advances in
Organic Geochemistry, 1987, I). Oxford, Pergamon,
571 p.
Muttoni, G.; Carcano, C.; Garzanti, E.; Ghielmi, M.;
Piccin, A.; Pini, R.; Rogledi, S.; and Sciunnach, D.
2003. Onset of major Pleistocene glaciations in the
Alps. Geology 31:989–992.
Orange, D.; García García, A. A.; Lorenson, T.; Nittrouer,
C.; Milligan, T.; Miseroccchi, S.; Langone, L.;
Correggiari, A.; and Trincardi, F. 2005. Shallow gas
and flood deposition on the Po Delta. Mar. Geol. 222–
223:159–177.
Ori, G. G. 1993. Continental depositional systems of the
Quaternary of the Po Plain (northern Italy). Sediment.
Geol. 83:1–14.
Pancost, R. D.; van Geel, B.; Baas, M.; and Damstè, J. S. S.
2000. δ13C values and radiocarbon dates of microbial
biomarkers as tracers for carbon recycling in peat
deposits. Geology 28:663–666.
Reimer, P. J., et al. 2004. INTCAL04 terrestrial radiocarbon
age calibration, 0–26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon
46:1029–1058.
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