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http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4127
Authors: | D'Alessandro, W.* Bellomo, S.* Parello, F.* Brusca, L.* Longo, M.* |
Title: | Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy) | Journal: | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | Series/Report no.: | / 145 (2008) | Publisher: | Springer | Issue Date: | 2008 | DOI: | 10.1007/s10661-007-0039-y | URL: | http://www.springerlink.com/content/y741235268424712/?p=ba638c08494444b68fc5abf65652a340&pi=28 | Keywords: | drinking water quality fluoride bromide chloride |
Subject Classification: | 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry |
Abstract: | Six hundred and sixty-seven water samples were collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily and analysed for electric conductivity and for their Cl-, Br- and F- contents. The samples were, as far as possible, collected evenly over the entire territory with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7600 inhabitants. The contents of Cl- and Br-, ranging between 5.53 and 1302 mg/l and between < 0.025 and 4.76 mg/l respectively, correlated well with the electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values were found both along the NW and SE coasts, which we attributed to seawater contamination, and in the central part of Sicily, which we attributed to evaporitic rock dissolution. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 3.28 mg/l, while the highest values (only 3 exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l) generally correlated either with the presence in the area of crystalline (volcanic or metamorphic) or evaporitic rocks or with contamination from hydrothermal activity. Apart from these limited cases of exceeding F- levels, the waters of public drinking water supplies in Sicily can be considered safe for human consumption for the analysed parameters. Some limited concern could arise from the intake of bromide-rich waters (about 3% exceeding 1 mg/l) because of the potential formation of dangerous disinfection by-products. |
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