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Holocene eruptive history of the Stromboli volcano: Constraints from paleomagnetic dating
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/ 113 (2008)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
B09101
Issued date
September 10, 2008
Alternative Location
Abstract
We report on paleomagnetic directions gathered from 33 sites from (mostly Holocene)
volcanics from Stromboli, loosely dated at present by few K/Ar and 14C ages. In order
to provide dating, the paleomagnetic directions were compared to the Holocene
paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field for the Mediterranean region, derived from direct geomagnetic observations and several archeomagnetic-paleomagnetic data sets. Petrochemical analyses from the paleomagnetic specimens revealed that each Holocene eruptive cycle of Stromboli was characterized by peculiar chemical characteristics. We suggest that before the 20th century AD paroxysms, powerful spatter-forming eruption(s) occurred during the 17th century AD, followed by three centuries of less energetic eruptions, when spattering was limited to the summit cones. A robust data set (4 sites, 52 samples) from the S. Bartolo flow, partially buried below the Stromboli village, constrains its age to 360 BC to 7 AD, in Greek-Roman times. The ca. 6200 years BP age inferred for a scoria exposed below a characteristic pyroclastic succession suggests its correlation with the Secche di Lazzaro pyroclastics, a major phreatomagmatic eruption occurring during the 6th millennium BP, synchronous with the major
volcanotectonic collapse of the Sciara del Fuoco. Ages were provided for many lavas from
the Neostromboli sequence (including the Labronzo, Nel Cannestrà, and Ginostra flows),
indicating that huge effusive activity from lateral fissures fed by an evolving magma
chamber occurred in the 6200–8000 years BP time window. The absence of volcanics with ages comprised between the 6th millennium BP and 400 BC implies a puzzling three-millennia "eruption gap" at Stromboli.
volcanics from Stromboli, loosely dated at present by few K/Ar and 14C ages. In order
to provide dating, the paleomagnetic directions were compared to the Holocene
paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field for the Mediterranean region, derived from direct geomagnetic observations and several archeomagnetic-paleomagnetic data sets. Petrochemical analyses from the paleomagnetic specimens revealed that each Holocene eruptive cycle of Stromboli was characterized by peculiar chemical characteristics. We suggest that before the 20th century AD paroxysms, powerful spatter-forming eruption(s) occurred during the 17th century AD, followed by three centuries of less energetic eruptions, when spattering was limited to the summit cones. A robust data set (4 sites, 52 samples) from the S. Bartolo flow, partially buried below the Stromboli village, constrains its age to 360 BC to 7 AD, in Greek-Roman times. The ca. 6200 years BP age inferred for a scoria exposed below a characteristic pyroclastic succession suggests its correlation with the Secche di Lazzaro pyroclastics, a major phreatomagmatic eruption occurring during the 6th millennium BP, synchronous with the major
volcanotectonic collapse of the Sciara del Fuoco. Ages were provided for many lavas from
the Neostromboli sequence (including the Labronzo, Nel Cannestrà, and Ginostra flows),
indicating that huge effusive activity from lateral fissures fed by an evolving magma
chamber occurred in the 6200–8000 years BP time window. The absence of volcanics with ages comprised between the 6th millennium BP and 400 BC implies a puzzling three-millennia "eruption gap" at Stromboli.
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Geophys., 43(5), 983– 989.
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shallowing in synthetic and natural clay-rich sediments, J. Geophys. Res.,
95, 4511– 4529.
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data, Rend. Soc. Ital. Miner. Petrol., 43, 1021– 1038.
Doell, R. R., and A. Cox (1963), The accuracy of the paleomagnetic method
as evaluated from historic Hawaiian lava flows, J. Geophys. Res., 68,
1997–2009.
Downey, W. S., and D. H. Tarling (1984), Archaeomagnetic dating of
Santorini volcanic eruptions and fired destruction levels of late Minoan
civilization, Nature, 309, 519– 523.
Dunlop, D. J. (2002a), Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms
versus Hcr/Hc): 1. Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite
data, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B3), 2056, doi:10.1029/2001JB000486.
Dunlop, D. J. (2002b), Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms
versus Hcr/Hc): 2. Application to data for rocks, sediments, and soils, J.
Geophys. Res., 107(B3), 2057, doi:10.1029/2001JB000487.
Dunlop, D. J., and O. Ozdemir (2001), Rock Magnetism, Fundamentals and
Frontiers, 573 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
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bearing on geomagnetic secular variation, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 159,
90– 95.
Evans, M. E., and G. S. Hoye (2005), Archaeomagnetic results from southern
Italy and their bearing on geomagnetic secular variation, Phys. Earth
Planet. Inter., 151, 155– 162.
Fisher, R. A. (1953), Dispersion on a sphere, Proc. R. Soc., Ser. A and Ser.
B, 217, 195–305.
Fisher, N. I., T. Lewis, and B. J. J. Embleton (1987), Statistical Analysis of
Spherical Data, 329 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Friedrich, W. L., B. Kromer, M. Friedrich, J. Heinemeier, T. Pfeiffer, and
S. Talamo (2006), Santorini eruption radiocarbon dated to 1627–1600 B. C.,
Science, 312, 548.
Gallet, Y., A. Genevey, and M. Le Goff (2002), Three millennia of directional
variation of the earth’s magnetic field in western Europe as
revealed by archaeological artefacts, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 131,
81– 89.
Gattacceca, J., and P. Rochette (2002), Pseudopaleosecular variation due to
remanence anisotropy in a pyroclastic flow succession, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29(8), 1286, doi:10.1029/2002GL014697.
Gillot, P. Y., and J. Keller (1993), Radiochronological dating of Stromboli,
Acta Vulcanol., 3, 69–77.
Hagstrum, J. T., and D. E. Champion (1994), Paleomagnetic correlation of
Late Quaternary lava flows in the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano,
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