Earth-prints repository, logo   Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
 
|earth-prints home page | roma library | bologna library | catania library | milano library | napoli library | palermo library

Earth-prints >
Affiliation >
INGV >
Papers Published / Papers in press >

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4038

Share this record with your favourite social network:     Del.icio.us     Citeulike     Connotea
Facebook     Stumble it!     reddit    
Title: Cluster analysis of soil CO2 data from Mt. Etna (Italy) reveals volcanic influences on temporal and spatial patterns of degassing
Authors: Giammanco, S.*
Bonfanti, P.*
Keywords: Mt. Etna
Soil CO2
Diffuse degassing
Cluster analysis
Time series analysis
Degassing model
Volcanic activity
Issue Date: 28-Jun-2008
Publisher: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
Title of journal: Bulletin of Volcanology
Series/Report no.: / (2008)
Abstract: Soil CO2 concentration data were collected periodically from July 2001 to June 2005 from sampling site grids in two areas located on the lower flanks of Mt. Etna volcano (Paternò and Zafferana Etnea–Santa Venerina). Cluster analysis was performed on the acquired data in order to identify possible groups of sites where soil degassing could be fed by different sources. In both areas three clusters were recognised, whose average CO2 concentration values throughout the whole study period remained significantly different from one another. The clusters with the lowest CO2 concentrations showed timeaveraged values ranging from 980 to 1,170 ppm vol, whereas those with intermediate CO2 concentrations showed time-averaged values ranging from 1,400 to 2,320 ppm vol, and those with the highest concentrations showed time-averaged values between 1,960 and 55,430 ppm vol. We attribute the lowest CO2 concentrations largely to a biogenic source of CO2. Conversely, the highest CO2 concentrations are attributed to a magmatic source, whereas the intermediate values are due to a variable mixing of the two sources described above. The spatial distribution of the CO2 values related to the magmatic source define a clear direction of anomalous degassing in the Zafferana Etnea–Santa Venerina area, which we attribute to the presence of a hidden fault, whereas in the Paternò area no such oriented anomalies were observed, probably because of the lower permeability of local soil. Time-series analysis shows that most of the variations observed in the soil CO2 data from both areas were related to changes in the volcanic activity of Mt. Etna. Seasonal influences were only observed in the time patterns of the clusters characterised by low CO2 concentrations, and no significant interdependence was found between soil CO2 concentrations and meteorological parameters. The largest observed temporal anomalies are interpreted as release of CO2 from magma batches that migrated from deeper to shallower portions of Etna’s feeder system. The pattern of occurrence of such episodes of anomalous gas release during the observation period was quite different between the two studied areas. This pattern highlighted an evident change in the mechanism of magma transport and storage within the volcano’s feeder system after June 2003, interpreted as magma accumulation into a shallow (<8 km depth) reservoir.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4038
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p77552m389115817/?p=98c7bf2664314ccea3dfaaa8ca764597π=1
DOI: 10.1007/s00445-008-0218-x
Appears in Collections:Papers Published / Papers in press
04.08.01. Gases

Files in This Item:

File Description SizeFormat
Giammanco and Bonfanti 2008.pdfMain article667.4KbAdobe PDFView/Open
  • Acocella V, Neri M (2003) What makes flank eruptions? The 2001
  • Etna eruption and its possible triggering mechanisms. Bull
  • Volcanol 65:517–529, doi:10.1007/s00445–003–0280–3
  • Aiuppa A, Allard P, D’Alessandro W, Michel A, Parello F, Treuil M,
  • Valenza M (2000) Mobility and fluxes of major, minor and
  • trace metals during basalt weathering and groundwater transport
  • at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily). Geochim Cosmochim Acta
  • 64:1827–1841
  • Aiuppa A, Allard P, D’Alessandro W, Giammanco S, Parello F,
  • Valenza M (2004) Magmatic gas leakage at Mount Etna (Sicily,
  • Italy): relationships with the volcano-tectonic structures, the
  • hydrological pattern and the eruptive activity. In: Bonaccorso
  • A, Calvari S, Coltelli M, Del Negro C, Falsaperla S (eds)
  • Mt. Etna: volcano laboratory. American Geophysical Union,
  • Washington D.C., pp 129–145, doi:10.1029/143GM09
  • Allard P (1995) Mount Etna: a major source of volcanic volatiles to
  • the troposphere. In: Program with Abstracts of the 8th Assembly
  • European Union of Geosciences, Strasbourg
  • Allard P (1997) Endogenous magma degassing and storage at Mount
  • Etna. Geophys Res Lett 24:2219–2222
  • Allard P, Le Bronec L, Morel P, Vavasseur C, Faivre-Pierret R, Robe
  • M-C, Roussel C, Zettwoog P (1987) Emissions pariétales
  • diffuses de l’Etna: résultas obtenus en 1986. French atomic
  • energy council (CEA) Report, SPIN/10.2.4.2(152), Fontenayaux-
  • Roses, France, pp 1–36
  • Allard P, Carbonnelle J, Dajlevic D, Le Bronec J, Morel P, Robe MC,
  • Maurenas JM, Faivre-Pierret R, Martin D, Sabroux J-C,
  • Zettwoog P (1991) Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO2 from
  • Mount Etna. Nature 351:387–391
  • Allard P, Jean-Baptiste P, D’Alessandro W, Parello F, Parisi B,
  • Flehoc C (1997) Mantle-derived helium and carbon in groundwaters
  • and gases of Mount Etna, Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett
  • 148:501–516
  • Anzà S, Dongarrà G, Giammanco S, Gottini V, Hauser S, Valenza M
  • (1989) Geochimica dei fluidi dell’Etna: Le acque sotterranee.
  • Mineral Petrogr Acta 32:231–251
  • Anzà S, Badalamenti B, Giammanco S, Gurrieri S, Nuccio PM, Valenza
  • M (1993) Preliminary study on emanation of CO2 from soils in
  • some areas of Mount Etna (Sicily). Acta Vulcanol 3:189–193
  • Armienti P, Pareschi MT, Innocenti F, Pompilio M (1994) Effects of
  • magma storage and ascent on the kinetics of crystal growth.
  • Contrib Mineral Petrol 115:402–414
  • Azzaro R, Barbano MS, Antichi B, Rigano R (2000) Macroseismic
  • catalogue of Mt. Etna earthquakes from 1832 to 1998. Acta
  • Vulcanol 12(1):3–36
  • Badalamenti B, Gurrieri S, Hauser S, Parello F, Valenza M (1988) Soil
  • CO2 output in the island of Vulcano during the period 1984–88:
  • surveillance of gas hazard and volcanic activity. Rend Soc It Min
  • Petrog 43:893–899
  • Badalamenti B, Gurrieri S, Hauser S, Parello F, Valenza M (1991)
  • Change in the soil CO2 output at Vulcano island during the
  • summer 1988. Acta Vulcanol 1:219–221
  • Badalamenti B, Capasso G, Carapezza ML, D’Alessandro W, Di
  • Gangi F, Diliberto IS, Giammanco S, Gurrieri S, Nuccio PM,
  • Parello F, Valenza M (1994) Soil gases investigations during the
  • 1991–92 Etna eruption. Acta Vulcanol 4:135–141
  • Badalamenti B, Bruno N, Caltabiano T, Di Gangi F, Giammanco S,
  • Salerno G (2004) Continuous soil CO2 and discrete plume SO2
  • measurements at Mt. Etna (Italy) during 1997–2000: a contribution
  • to volcano monitoring. Bull Volcanol 66:80–89,
  • doi:10.1007/s00445–003–0305-y
  • Baubron J-C, Allard P, Toutain J-P (1990) Diffuse volcanic
  • emissions of carbon dioxide from Vulcano island (Italy). Nature
  • 344:51–54
  • Baubron J-C, Allard P, Sabroux J-C, Tedesco D, Toutain J-P (1991)
  • Soil gas emanations as precursory indicators of volcanic
  • eruptions. J Geol Soc Lond 148:571–576
  • Behncke B, Neri M (2003) The July–August 2001 eruption of Mt.
  • Etna (Sicily). Bull Volcanol 65:461–476, doi:10.1007/s00445-
  • 003-0274-1
  • Bousquet J-C, Lanzafame G, Paquin C (1988) Tectonic stresses and
  • volcanism: in-situ stress measurements and neotectonic investigations
  • in the Etna area (Italy). Tectonophys 149:219–231
  • Bruno N, Caltabiano T, Romano R (1999) SO2 emissions at Mt. Etna
  • with particular reference to the period 1993–1995. Bull Volcanol
  • 60:405–411
  • Bruno N, Caltabiano T, Giammanco S, Romano R (2001) Degassing
  • of SO2 and CO2 at Mount Etna (Sicily) as an indicator of preeruptive
  • ascent and shallow emplacement of magma. J Volcanol
  • Geotherm Res 110:137–153
  • Caltabiano T, Romano R, Budetta G (1994) SO2 measurements at Mt
  • Etna, Sicily. J Geophys Res 99(D6):12,809–12,811
  • Caltabiano T, Burton M, Giammanco S, Allard P, Bruno N, Murè F,
  • Romano R (2004) Volcanic gas emissions from the summit
  • craters and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987–2000. In: Bonaccorso A,
  • Calvari S, Coltelli M, Del Negro C, Falsaperla S (eds) Mt. Etna:
  • volcano laboratory. American Geophysical Union, Washington
  • D.C., pp 111–128, doi:10.1029/143GM08
  • Camarda M, Gurrieri S, Valenza M (2006) CO2 flux measurements in
  • volcanic areas using the dynamic concentration method: influence
  • of soil permeability. J Geophys Res 111:B05202,
  • doi:10.1029/2005JB003898
  • Carapezza M, Nuccio PM, Valenza M (1984) Geochemical surveillance
  • of the Solfatara of Pozzuoli during 1983. Bull Volcanol 47
  • (2):303–311
  • Caracausi A, Favara R, Giammanco S, Italiano F, Nuccio PM, Paonita
  • A, Pecoraino G, Rizzo A (2003a) Mount Etna: geochemical
  • signals of magma ascent and unusually extensive plumbing
  • system. Geophys Res Lett 30:1057–1060, doi:10.1029/
  • 2002GL015463
  • Caracausi A, Italiano F, Nuccio PM, Paonita A, Rizzo A (2003b)
  • Evidence of deep magma degassing and ascent by geochemistry
  • of peripheral gas emissions at Mount Etna (Italy): assessment of
  • the magmatic reservoir pressure. J Geophys Res 108(B10):2463,
  • doi:10.1029/2002JB002095
  • Carbone S, Grasso M, Lentini F (1987) Lineamenti geologici del
  • Plateau Ibleo (Sicilia SE). Presentazione delle carte geologiche
  • della Sicilia sud-orientale. Mem Soc Geol It 38:127–135
  • Clocchiatti R, Weisz J, Mosbah M, Tanguy J-C (1992) Coexistence de
  • “verres” alcalins et tholéiitiques saturés en CO2 dans les olivines
  • des hyaloclastites d’Aci Castello (Etna, Sicile, Italie). Arguments
  • Bull Volcanol
  • en faveur d’un manteau anormal et d’un réservoir profond. Acta
  • Vulcanol 2:161–173
  • Chester DK, Duncan AM, Guest JE, Kilburn CRJ (1985) Mount Etna:
  • the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London
  • Chiodini G, Cioni R, Guidi M, Raco B, Marini L (1998) Soil CO2 flux
  • measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Applied Geochem
  • 13:543–552
  • D’Alessandro W, De Domenico R, Parello F, Valenza M (1992) Soil
  • degassing in tectonically active areas of Mt. Etna. Acta Vulcanol
  • 2:175–183
  • D’Alessandro W, Giammanco S, Parello F, Valenza M (1997) CO2
  • output and δ13C(CO2) from Mount Etna as indicators of
  • degassing of shallow asthenosphere. Bull Volcanol 58:455–458
  • Diliberto IS, Gurrieri S, Valenza M (2002) Relationships between
  • diffuse CO2 emissions and volcanic activity on the island of
  • Vulcano (Aeolian Island, Italy) during the period 1984–1994.
  • Bull Volcanol 64:219–228
  • Edner H, Ragnarson P, Svanberg S, Wallinder E, Ferrara R, Cioni R,
  • Raco B, Taddeucci G (1994) Total fluxes of sulphur dioxide
  • from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano
  • measured by differential adsorption lidar and passive differential
  • optical absorption spectroscopy. J Geophys Res 99:18,827–
  • 18,838
  • Favara R, Giammanco S, Inguaggiato S, Pecoraino G (2001)
  • Preliminary estimate of CO2 output from Pantelleria Island
  • volcano (Sicily, Italy): evidence of active mantle degassing. Appl
  • Geochem 16:883–894
  • Ferrara V (1975) Idrogeologia del versante orientale dell’Etna. In:
  • Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on groundwaters,
  • Palermo, Italy, pp 91–144
  • Francis P, Burton MR, Oppenheimer C (1998) Remote measurements
  • of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy.
  • Nature 396:567–570
  • Gerlach TM, Doukas MP, McGee KA, Kessler R (2001) Soil efflux
  • and total emission rates of magmatic CO2 at the Horseshoe Lake
  • tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California, 1995–1999. Chem
  • Geol 177:101–116
  • Giammanco S, Gurrieri S, Valenza M (1995) Soil CO2 degassing on
  • Mt. Etna (Sicily) during the period 1989–1993: discrimination
  • between climatic and volcanic influences. Bull Volcanol 57:
  • 52–60
  • Giammanco S, Gurrieri S, Valenza M (1997) Soil CO2 degassing
  • along tectonic structures of Mount Etna (Sicily): the Pernicana
  • fault. Appl Geochem 12:429–436
  • Giammanco S, Inguaggiato S, Valenza M (1998a) Soil and fumarole
  • gases of Mount Etna: geochemistry and relations with volcanic
  • activity. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 81:297–310
  • Giammanco S, Gurrieri S, Valenza M (1998b) Anomalous soil CO2
  • degassing in relation to faults and eruptive fissures on Mount
  • Etna (Sicily, Italy). Bull Volcanol 60:252–259
  • Ghisetti F, Vezzani L (1984) Thin-skinned deformations of the
  • Western Sicily thrust belt and relationships with crustal shortening:
  • mesostructural data on the Mt. Kumeta–Alcantara fault zone
  • and related structures. Boll Soc Geol It 103:129–157
  • Granieri D, Chiodini G, Marzocchi W, Avino R (2003) Continuous
  • monitoring of CO2 soil diffuse degassing at Phlegraean Fields
  • (Italy): influence of environmental and volcanic parameters.
  • Earth Planet Sci Lett 212:167–179
  • Gristina L, Parello F, Pisciotta F, Schifano R, Giammanco S (2007)
  • Soil CO2 emissions from the lower SW flank of Mt. Etna:
  • estimate of organic and magmatic contributions to the total
  • degassing. Geophys Res Abstracts 9:03544
  • Hernández PA, Notsu K, Salazar JM, Mori T, Natale G, Okada H,
  • Virgili G, Shimoike Y, Sato M, Pérez NM (2001) Carbon dioxide
  • degassing by advective flow from Usu volcano, Japan. Science
  • 292:83–86
  • Hinkle M (1990) Factors affecting concentrations of helium and
  • carbon dioxide in soil gases. In: Durrance EM, Galimov EM,
  • Hinkle ME, Reimer GM, Sugisaki R, Augustithis SS (eds)
  • Geochemistry of gaseous elements and compounds. Theophrastus
  • Publications, Athens, pp 421–448
  • King CY (1980) Episodic radon changes in subsurface soil gas along
  • active faults and possible relation to earthquakes. J Geophys Res
  • 85:3065–3078
  • Klusman RW, Jaacks JA (1987) Environmental influences upon
  • mercury, radon and helium concentrations in soil gases at a site
  • near Denver, Colorado. J Geochem Explor 27:259–280
  • Lo Giudice E, Patanè G, Rasà R, Romano R (1982) The structural
  • framework of Mt. Etna. Mem Soc Geol It 23:125–158
  • Matsuo S (1986) Activity report of Japanese Group for the chemical
  • prediction of volcanic eruptions. Per Mineral 59:39–53
  • Menyalov IA, Nikitima LP, Shapor VN (1986) Geochemical monitoring
  • of the state of some active volcanoes in Kamchatka and
  • the Kurili Islands (USSR). Per Mineral 55:55–74
  • Meteosicilia (2007) Valori termopluviometrici e riepiloghi. http://
  • www.meteosicilia.it/datimeteo/datimeteo.htm. Cited 22 Jan 2007
  • Neri M, Acocella V (2006) The 2004–2005 Etna eruption: implications
  • for flank deformation and structural behaviour of the
  • volcano. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 158:195–206
  • Neri M, Acocella V, Behncke B (2004) The role of the Pernicana Fault
  • System in the spreading of Mt. Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003
  • eruption. Bull Volcanol 66:417–430, doi:10.1007/s00445-003-
  • 0322-x
  • Oskarsonn N (1984) Monitoring of fumarole gas discharge during the
  • 1975–1982 rifting in Krafla volcanic center, North Iceland. J
  • Volcanol Geoth Res 22:97–121
  • Pan V, Holloway JR, Hervig RL (1991) The pressure and temperature
  • dependence of carbon dioxide solubility in tholeiitic basalt melts.
  • Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:1587–1595
  • Pecoraino G, Giammanco S (2005) geochemical characterization and
  • temporal changes in parietal gas emissions at Mt. Etna (Italy)
  • during the period July 2000–July 2003. Terr Atmosph Ocean Sci
  • 16(4):805–841
  • Pecoraino G, Brusca L, D’Alessandro W, Giammanco S, Inguaggiato
  • S, Longo M (2005) Total CO2 output from Ischia Island volcano
  • (Italy). Geochem J 39:451–458
  • Pérez NM, Hernández PA, Padrón E, Cartagena R, Olmos R,
  • Barahona F, Melián G, Salazar P, López D (2006) Anomalous
  • diffuse CO2 emission prior to the January 2002 short-term unrest
  • at San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, Central America. Pure Appl
  • Geophys 163:883–896
  • Platania G (1916) Sull’emanazione di Anidride Carbonica nel fianco
  • orientale dell’Etna. Rend Mem Acc Sc Lett Arti Zelanti, Mem Cl
  • Sc III(7–8):99–103
  • Rasà R, Ferrucci F, Gresta S, Patanè D (1995) Etna: sistema di
  • alimentazione profondo, assetto geostatico locale e bimodalità di
  • funzionamento del vulcano. In: Ferrucci F, Innocenti F (eds)
  • Progetto-Etna 1993–1995. Giardini, Pisa, pp 145–150
  • Rogie JD, Kerrick DM, Chiodini G, Frondini F (2000) Flux
  • measurements of nonvolcanic CO2 emission from some vents
  • in central Italy. J Geophys Res 105(B4):8435–8445
  • Rogie JD, Kerrick DM, Sorey ML, Chiodini G, Galloway DL (2001)
  • Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain,
  • California. Earth Planet Sci Lett 188:535–541
  • Salazar JML, Pérez NM, Hernández PA, Soriano T, Barahona F,
  • Olmos R, Cartagena R, López D, Lima N, Melián G, Galindo I,
  • Padrón E, Sumino H, Notsu K (2002) Precursory diffuse carbon
  • dioxide degassing signature related to a 5.1 magnitude earthquake
  • in El Salvador, Central America. Earth Planet Sci Lett
  • 205:81–89
  • Schifano R (2007) Mechanisms of gas efflux through soils: discrimination
  • between organic and magmatic components in diffuse
  • Bull Volcanol
  • CO2 emissions and environmental influences on diffuse volcanic
  • degassing. PhD Thesis, University of Palermo, Palermo
  • Schilirò F (1988) Proposta metodologica per una zonazione geologicotecnica
  • del centro abitato di Maletto. Geologia Tecnica 3/88:32–53
  • Stolper E, Holloway JR (1988) Experimental determination of the
  • solubility of carbon dioxide in molten basalt at low pressure.
  • Earth Planet Sci Lett 87:397–408
  • Sugisaki R, Ido M, Takeda H, Isobe Y, Hayashi Y, Nakamura N,
  • Satake H, Mizutani Y (1983) Origin of hydrogen and carbon
  • dioxide in fault gases and its relation to fault activity. J Geology
  • 91(3):239–258
  • Tanguy JC, Condomines M, Kieffer G (1997) Evolution of the
  • Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system
  • and eruptive mechanism. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 75:221–
  • 250
  • Thomas DM, Cotter JM, Holford D (1992) Experimental design for soil
  • gas radon monitoring. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 161(2):313–323
  • UCEA (2007) Banca Dati Agrometeorologica Nazionale, Sistema
  • Informativo Agricolo Nazionale (SIAN), Servizio di fornitura
  • dati e statistiche agrometeorologiche http://www.politicheagricole.
  • it/ucea/forniture/index3.htm. Cited 03 Oct 2007
  • Wilcoxon F (1945) Individual comparison by ranking methods.
  • Biometrics Bull 1:80–83
  • Williams SN, Schaefer SJ, Calvache ML, Lopez D (1992) Global
  • carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes.
  • Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:1765–1770
  • Bull Volcanol

Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

 

Valid XHTML 1.0! ICT Support, development & maintenance are provided by theAePIC team @CILEA.Powered onDSpace Software. Feedback