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Pattern of orogenic rotations in central–eastern Sicily: implications for the timing of spreading in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2 / 160 (2003)
Publisher
Geological Society of London
Pages (printed)
183-195
Issued date
2003
Abstract
New palaeomagnetic data from upper Triassic to Pliocene sediments reveal that in eastern Sicily a major 70° clockwise (CW) rotation took place between Oligocene and late Tortonian time, followed by a further 30° CW rotation. Results from central Sicily are less coherent. They show 44–83° post-Oligocene CW rotation, local 14° post-late Tortonian counterclockwise (CCW) rotation, and 25° post-mid-Pliocene CW
rotation. We interpret the larger CW rotation observed in eastern Sicily as related to a more internal palaeogeographical position with respect to central Sicily. Our results complement pre-existing data from the
northwestern Sicily carbonates, and indicate that all the internal carbonate nappes coherently rotated by c.
100° CW during tectonic emplacement, implying a west-to-east increase of shortening in the Sicilian Maghrebian belt. In Sicily, compressive deformation started during the Langhian, i.e. just after the deposition
of the upper Oligocene–upper Burdigalian Numidian Flysch turbidites. Therefore the age of the older 70° palaeomagnetic rotation (synchronous to the thrusting) is constrained to occur between the Langhian and late
Tortonian. Furthermore, by considering a maximum possible rotation rate of 20° Ma 1, we infer that CW rotation started in Sicily in Langhian–Serravallian times, between 15–16 and 11–12 Ma ago. The 100° CW rotation observed in pre-orogenic strata from the whole of Sicily is mirrored by 80° orogen-scale CCW rotations characterizing the internal southern Apennines. Palaeomagnetism therefore shows that during orogenesis, the southern Apennines and the Sicilian Maghrebides rotated in a 'saloon-door' fashion, synchronous to back-arc spreading of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Consequently, our palaeomagnetic data suggest that the southern Tyrrhenian back-arc basin started to spread during Langhian–Serravallian times
(from 15–16 to 11–12 Ma), significantly earlier than the late Tortonian age (8 Ma) suggested so far by oceanic drilling data.
rotation. We interpret the larger CW rotation observed in eastern Sicily as related to a more internal palaeogeographical position with respect to central Sicily. Our results complement pre-existing data from the
northwestern Sicily carbonates, and indicate that all the internal carbonate nappes coherently rotated by c.
100° CW during tectonic emplacement, implying a west-to-east increase of shortening in the Sicilian Maghrebian belt. In Sicily, compressive deformation started during the Langhian, i.e. just after the deposition
of the upper Oligocene–upper Burdigalian Numidian Flysch turbidites. Therefore the age of the older 70° palaeomagnetic rotation (synchronous to the thrusting) is constrained to occur between the Langhian and late
Tortonian. Furthermore, by considering a maximum possible rotation rate of 20° Ma 1, we infer that CW rotation started in Sicily in Langhian–Serravallian times, between 15–16 and 11–12 Ma ago. The 100° CW rotation observed in pre-orogenic strata from the whole of Sicily is mirrored by 80° orogen-scale CCW rotations characterizing the internal southern Apennines. Palaeomagnetism therefore shows that during orogenesis, the southern Apennines and the Sicilian Maghrebides rotated in a 'saloon-door' fashion, synchronous to back-arc spreading of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Consequently, our palaeomagnetic data suggest that the southern Tyrrhenian back-arc basin started to spread during Langhian–Serravallian times
(from 15–16 to 11–12 Ma), significantly earlier than the late Tortonian age (8 Ma) suggested so far by oceanic drilling data.
References
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Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C. III & Aubry, M.-P. 1995. A revised
Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy: geochronology time scales
and global stratigraphic correlation. In: Geochronology Times Scales and
Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special
Publications, 54, 129–212.
Besse, J. & Courtillot, V. 2002. Apparent and true polar wander and the
geometry of the geomagnetic field in the last 200 million years. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 107 (B11), 2300, doi: 10.1029/2000JB000005.
Besse, J., Pozzi, J.-P., Mascle, G. & Feinberg, H. 1984. Paleomagnetic study of
Sicily: consequences for the deformation of Italian and African margins over
the last 100 million years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 377–390.
Bianchi, F. & Carbone, S. et al. 1989. Sicilia orientale: profilo geologico
Nebrodi-Iblei. Memorie della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 38, 429–458.
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Italy and Gravity Map, scale 1:500 000. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
Rome.
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date fold and thrust activity: examples from the Neogene of south–central
Sicily. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 633–643.
Butler, R.W.H., Grasso, M. & La Manna, F. 1992. Origin and deformation of
the Neogene–Recent Maghrebian foredeep at the Gela nappe, SE Sicily.
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and structure of the central Mediterranean: Sicily and its offshore area.
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Catalano, R., Franchino, A., Merlini, S. & Sulli, A. 2000. Central western
Sicily structural setting interpreted from seismic reflection profiles. Memorie
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 55, 5–16.
Catalano, R., Doglioni, C. & Merlini, S. 2001. On the Mesozoic Ionian Basin.
Geophysical Journal International, 144, 49–64.
Channell, J.E.T., Catalano, R. & D’Argenio, B. 1980. Paleomagnetism and
deformation of the Mesozoic continental margin in Sicily. Tectonophysics, 61,
391–407.
Channell, J.E.T., Oldow, J.S., Catalano, R. & D’Argenio, B. 1990.
Paleomagnetically determined rotations in the western Sicilian fold and thrust
belt. Tectonics, 9(4), 641–660.
Channell, J.E.T., Di Stefano, E. & Sprovieri, R. 1992. Calcareous plankton
biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic history of the Plio-
Pleistocene Monte San Nicola section (southern Sicily). Bollettino della
Societa` Paleontologica Italiana, 31, 351–382.
Deino, A., Gattacceca, J., Rizzo, R. & Montanari, A. 2001. 40Ar/39Ar dating
and paleomagnetism of the Miocene volcanic succession of Monte Furru
(western Sardinia): implications for the rotation history of the Corsica–
Sardinia microplate. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3373–3376.
Di Nocera, S., Ortolani, F., Torre, M. & Russo, B. 1979. Caratteristiche
stratigrafiche e paleoambientali dei depositi altomiocenici nella zona di
Falconara Albanese (Catena Costiera Calabra). Bollettino della Societa`
Naturalistica di Napoli, 83, 1–29.
Duermeijer, C.E. & Langereis, C.G. 1998. Astronomical dating of a tectonic
rotation on Sicily and consequences for the timing and extent of a middle
Pliocene deformation phase. Tectonophysics, 298, 243–258.
Duermeijer, C.E., Van Vugt, N., Langereis, C.G., Meulenkamp, J.E. &
Zachariasse, W.J. 1998. A major late Tortonian rotation phase of the
Crotone Basin; implications using AMS as tectonic tilt correction and first
indication of timing in opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin. Tectonophysics, 287,
233–249.
Faccenna, C., Mattei, M., Funiciello, R. & Jolivet, L. 1997. Styles of backarc
extension in the Central Mediterranean. Terra Nova, 9, 126–130.
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, F., Giardini, D. & Lucente, P. 2001. Episodic backarc
extension during restricted mantle convection in the Central Mediterranean.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 187, 105–116.
Fisher, R.A. 1953. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London, 217, 195–305.
Gattacceca, J. & Speranza, F. 2002. Paleomagnetism of Jurassic to Miocene
sediments from the Apenninic carbonate platform (southern Apennines,
Italy): evidence for a 608 counterclockwise Miocene rotation. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 201, 19–34.
Grasso, M. & Butler, R.W.H. 1991. Tectonic controls on the deposition of late
Tortonian sediments on the Caltanissetta Basin of central Sicily. Memorie
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 47, 313–324.
Grasso, M., Lentini, F., Nairn, A.E.M. & Vigliotti, L. 1983. A geological and
paleomagnetic study of the Hyblean volcanic rocks, Sicily. Tectonophysics,
98, 271–295.
Grasso, M., Manzoni, M. & Quintili, A. 1987. Misure magnetiche sui Trubi
infrapliocenici della Sicilia orientale: possibili implicazioni stratigrafiche e
strutturali. Memorie della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 38, 459–474.
Grasso, M., Nairn, A.E.M. & Schmincke, H.-U. 1993. Allochthonous late
Triassic intrusions, Mount Altesina, central Sicily: geological setting,
geochemical and paleomagnetic observations. Bollettino della Societa` Geologica
Italiana, 112, 3–14.
Kastens, K., Mascle, J., Auroux, C. & ODP Leg 107 Party 1986. A microcosm of
ocean basin evolution in the Mediterranean. Nature, 321, 383–384.
Kirschvink, J.L. 1980. The least-square line and plane and the analysis of
paleomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,
62, 699–718.
Lentini, F. & Carbone, S. et al.1995. Sedimentary evolution of basins in mobile
belts: examples from the Tertiary terrigenous sequences of the Peloritani
Mountains (NE Sicily). Terra Nova, 7, 161–170.
Lickorish, W.H., Grasso, M., Butler, R.W.H., Argnani, A. & Maniscalco, R.
1999. Structural styles and regional tectonic setting of the ‘Gela Nappe’ and
frontal part of the Maghrebian thrust belt in Sicily. Tectonics, 18, 655–668.
Lowrie, W. 1990. Identification of ferromagnetic minerals in a rock by coercivity
and unblocking temperature properties. Geophysical Research Letters, 17,
159–162.
Lucente, F.P., Chiarabba, C., Cimini, G.B. & Giardini, D. 1999. Tomographic
constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 104, 20307–20327.
Malinverno, A. & Ryan, W.B.F. 1986. Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and
shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of
the lithosphere. Tectonics, 5, 227–245.
Marroni, M., Monechi, S., Perilli, N., Principi, G. & Treves, B. 1992. Late
Cretaceous flysch deposits of the Northern Apennines, Italy: age of inception
of orogenesis-controlled sedimentation. Cretaceous Research, 13, 487–504.
Mascle, J., Kastens, K., Auroux, C. & Leg 107 Scientific Party 1988. A land-locked
back-arc basin: preliminary results from ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Tectonophysics, 146, 149–162.
Mattei, M., Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., Argentieri, A., Rossetti, F.,
Speranza, F. & Di Bella, L. 2002. The Miocene tectono-sedimentary
evolution of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea: stratigraphy, structural and
paleomagnetic data from the on-shore Amantea basin (Calabrian arc, Italy).
Basin Research, 14, 147–168.
McFadden, P.L. 1990. A new fold test for paleomagnetic studies. Geophysical
Journal International, 103, 163–169.
McFadden, P.L. & McElhinny, M.W. 1990. Classification of reversal test in
paleomagnetism. Geophysical Journal International, 103, 725–729.
Muttoni, G., Argnani, A., Kent, D.V., Abrahamsen, N. & Cibin, U. 1998a.
Paleomagnetic evidence for Neogene tectonic rotations in the northern
Apennines, Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 154, 25–40.
Muttoni, G., Kent, D., Di Stefano, P., Gullo, M. & Tait, J. 1998b.
Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of an expanded Carnian–Norian
boundary Tethyan marine section from Sicily (Italy). In: Lo Cicero, G. (ed.)
Proceedings of the 79th Societa` Geologica Italiana National Congress,
Palermo, 21–23 September. Societa` Geologica Italiana, Palermo, 620–623.
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W. 2001. Motion of Africa and Adria since the Permian: paleomagnetic and
paleoclimatic constraints from northern Libya. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 192, 159–174.
Nairn, A.E.M., Nardi, G., Gregor, C.B. & Incoronato, A. 1985. Coherence of
the Trapanese units during tectonic emplacement in western Sicily. Bollettino
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 104, 267–272.
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Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87, 438–452.
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Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy: geochronology time scales
and global stratigraphic correlation. In: Geochronology Times Scales and
Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special
Publications, 54, 129–212.
Besse, J. & Courtillot, V. 2002. Apparent and true polar wander and the
geometry of the geomagnetic field in the last 200 million years. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 107 (B11), 2300, doi: 10.1029/2000JB000005.
Besse, J., Pozzi, J.-P., Mascle, G. & Feinberg, H. 1984. Paleomagnetic study of
Sicily: consequences for the deformation of Italian and African margins over
the last 100 million years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 377–390.
Bianchi, F. & Carbone, S. et al. 1989. Sicilia orientale: profilo geologico
Nebrodi-Iblei. Memorie della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 38, 429–458.
Bigi, G., et al. (eds) 1991. Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica. Structural Model of
Italy and Gravity Map, scale 1:500 000. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
Rome.
Butler, R.W.H. & Lickorish, W.H. 1997. Using high-resolution stratigraphy to
date fold and thrust activity: examples from the Neogene of south–central
Sicily. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 633–643.
Butler, R.W.H., Grasso, M. & La Manna, F. 1992. Origin and deformation of
the Neogene–Recent Maghrebian foredeep at the Gela nappe, SE Sicily.
Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 547–556.
Carbone, S., Catalano, S., Grasso, M., Lentini, F. & Monaco, C. 1990. Carta
geologica della Sicilia centro-orientale, scale 1:50 000. University of Catania,
Catania.
Catalano, R. 1997. An introduction to stratigraphy and structures of the Sicily
chain. In: Catalano, R. (ed.) Eurobasin Euroconference, 8th Workshop of
the ILP Task Force ‘Origin of Sedimentary Basins’, University of Palermo,
7–13 June, Abstracts Volume. Universita` di Palermo, 7–20.
Catalano, R., D’Argenio, B., Gregor, C.B., Nairn, A.E.M., Nardi, G. &
Renda, P. 1984. The Mesozoic volcanics of western Sicily. Geologische
Rundschau, 73, 577–598.
Catalano, R., Di Stefano, P., Sulli, A. & Vitale, F.P. 1996. Paleogeography
and structure of the central Mediterranean: Sicily and its offshore area.
Tectonophysics, 260, 291–323.
Catalano, R., Franchino, A., Merlini, S. & Sulli, A. 2000. Central western
Sicily structural setting interpreted from seismic reflection profiles. Memorie
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 55, 5–16.
Catalano, R., Doglioni, C. & Merlini, S. 2001. On the Mesozoic Ionian Basin.
Geophysical Journal International, 144, 49–64.
Channell, J.E.T., Catalano, R. & D’Argenio, B. 1980. Paleomagnetism and
deformation of the Mesozoic continental margin in Sicily. Tectonophysics, 61,
391–407.
Channell, J.E.T., Oldow, J.S., Catalano, R. & D’Argenio, B. 1990.
Paleomagnetically determined rotations in the western Sicilian fold and thrust
belt. Tectonics, 9(4), 641–660.
Channell, J.E.T., Di Stefano, E. & Sprovieri, R. 1992. Calcareous plankton
biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic history of the Plio-
Pleistocene Monte San Nicola section (southern Sicily). Bollettino della
Societa` Paleontologica Italiana, 31, 351–382.
Deino, A., Gattacceca, J., Rizzo, R. & Montanari, A. 2001. 40Ar/39Ar dating
and paleomagnetism of the Miocene volcanic succession of Monte Furru
(western Sardinia): implications for the rotation history of the Corsica–
Sardinia microplate. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3373–3376.
Di Nocera, S., Ortolani, F., Torre, M. & Russo, B. 1979. Caratteristiche
stratigrafiche e paleoambientali dei depositi altomiocenici nella zona di
Falconara Albanese (Catena Costiera Calabra). Bollettino della Societa`
Naturalistica di Napoli, 83, 1–29.
Duermeijer, C.E. & Langereis, C.G. 1998. Astronomical dating of a tectonic
rotation on Sicily and consequences for the timing and extent of a middle
Pliocene deformation phase. Tectonophysics, 298, 243–258.
Duermeijer, C.E., Van Vugt, N., Langereis, C.G., Meulenkamp, J.E. &
Zachariasse, W.J. 1998. A major late Tortonian rotation phase of the
Crotone Basin; implications using AMS as tectonic tilt correction and first
indication of timing in opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin. Tectonophysics, 287,
233–249.
Faccenna, C., Mattei, M., Funiciello, R. & Jolivet, L. 1997. Styles of backarc
extension in the Central Mediterranean. Terra Nova, 9, 126–130.
Faccenna, C., Funiciello, F., Giardini, D. & Lucente, P. 2001. Episodic backarc
extension during restricted mantle convection in the Central Mediterranean.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 187, 105–116.
Fisher, R.A. 1953. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London, 217, 195–305.
Gattacceca, J. & Speranza, F. 2002. Paleomagnetism of Jurassic to Miocene
sediments from the Apenninic carbonate platform (southern Apennines,
Italy): evidence for a 608 counterclockwise Miocene rotation. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 201, 19–34.
Grasso, M. & Butler, R.W.H. 1991. Tectonic controls on the deposition of late
Tortonian sediments on the Caltanissetta Basin of central Sicily. Memorie
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 47, 313–324.
Grasso, M., Lentini, F., Nairn, A.E.M. & Vigliotti, L. 1983. A geological and
paleomagnetic study of the Hyblean volcanic rocks, Sicily. Tectonophysics,
98, 271–295.
Grasso, M., Manzoni, M. & Quintili, A. 1987. Misure magnetiche sui Trubi
infrapliocenici della Sicilia orientale: possibili implicazioni stratigrafiche e
strutturali. Memorie della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 38, 459–474.
Grasso, M., Nairn, A.E.M. & Schmincke, H.-U. 1993. Allochthonous late
Triassic intrusions, Mount Altesina, central Sicily: geological setting,
geochemical and paleomagnetic observations. Bollettino della Societa` Geologica
Italiana, 112, 3–14.
Kastens, K., Mascle, J., Auroux, C. & ODP Leg 107 Party 1986. A microcosm of
ocean basin evolution in the Mediterranean. Nature, 321, 383–384.
Kirschvink, J.L. 1980. The least-square line and plane and the analysis of
paleomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,
62, 699–718.
Lentini, F. & Carbone, S. et al.1995. Sedimentary evolution of basins in mobile
belts: examples from the Tertiary terrigenous sequences of the Peloritani
Mountains (NE Sicily). Terra Nova, 7, 161–170.
Lickorish, W.H., Grasso, M., Butler, R.W.H., Argnani, A. & Maniscalco, R.
1999. Structural styles and regional tectonic setting of the ‘Gela Nappe’ and
frontal part of the Maghrebian thrust belt in Sicily. Tectonics, 18, 655–668.
Lowrie, W. 1990. Identification of ferromagnetic minerals in a rock by coercivity
and unblocking temperature properties. Geophysical Research Letters, 17,
159–162.
Lucente, F.P., Chiarabba, C., Cimini, G.B. & Giardini, D. 1999. Tomographic
constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 104, 20307–20327.
Malinverno, A. & Ryan, W.B.F. 1986. Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and
shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of
the lithosphere. Tectonics, 5, 227–245.
Marroni, M., Monechi, S., Perilli, N., Principi, G. & Treves, B. 1992. Late
Cretaceous flysch deposits of the Northern Apennines, Italy: age of inception
of orogenesis-controlled sedimentation. Cretaceous Research, 13, 487–504.
Mascle, J., Kastens, K., Auroux, C. & Leg 107 Scientific Party 1988. A land-locked
back-arc basin: preliminary results from ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Tectonophysics, 146, 149–162.
Mattei, M., Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., Argentieri, A., Rossetti, F.,
Speranza, F. & Di Bella, L. 2002. The Miocene tectono-sedimentary
evolution of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea: stratigraphy, structural and
paleomagnetic data from the on-shore Amantea basin (Calabrian arc, Italy).
Basin Research, 14, 147–168.
McFadden, P.L. 1990. A new fold test for paleomagnetic studies. Geophysical
Journal International, 103, 163–169.
McFadden, P.L. & McElhinny, M.W. 1990. Classification of reversal test in
paleomagnetism. Geophysical Journal International, 103, 725–729.
Muttoni, G., Argnani, A., Kent, D.V., Abrahamsen, N. & Cibin, U. 1998a.
Paleomagnetic evidence for Neogene tectonic rotations in the northern
Apennines, Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 154, 25–40.
Muttoni, G., Kent, D., Di Stefano, P., Gullo, M. & Tait, J. 1998b.
Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of an expanded Carnian–Norian
boundary Tethyan marine section from Sicily (Italy). In: Lo Cicero, G. (ed.)
Proceedings of the 79th Societa` Geologica Italiana National Congress,
Palermo, 21–23 September. Societa` Geologica Italiana, Palermo, 620–623.
Muttoni, G., Garzanti, E., Alfonsi, L., Cirilli, S., Germani, D. & Lowrie,
W. 2001. Motion of Africa and Adria since the Permian: paleomagnetic and
paleoclimatic constraints from northern Libya. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 192, 159–174.
Nairn, A.E.M., Nardi, G., Gregor, C.B. & Incoronato, A. 1985. Coherence of
the Trapanese units during tectonic emplacement in western Sicily. Bollettino
della Societa` Geologica Italiana, 104, 267–272.
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