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Thick-skinned tectonics in the external Apennines, Italy: New evidence from magnetic anomaly analysis
Language
English
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
B11 / 107 (2002)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
2290
Issued date
2002
Abstract
We discuss the tectonic implications of a new residual magnetic map of the Apennine
belt/Adriatic-Apulian foreland obtained by integrating ground and offshore data sets
[Chiappini et al., 2000a]. Negative anomalies are documented over the Adriatic-Apulian
foreland areas, whereas the external Apennine belt is characterized by a ubiquitous lowamplitude (<30 nT), long-wavelength positive anomaly. In the central northern Apennines, three 100 km wide more intense (100–200 nT) round-shaped anomalies are
superimposed to the long-wavelength feature. Finally, in the Tyrrhenian Sea and margins,
high-intensity, short-wavelength positive-negative couplets coincide with magmatic outcrops or bodies at shallow depth. The low-amplitude anomaly pattern over Italy
suggests that the magnetic basement beneath the Triassic evaporites is ubiquitously
incorporated in the external belt compressive fronts, implying a thick-skinned tectonic style for the external Apennines. The new residual magnetic map resolves the inconsistency between previous aeromagnetic data [AGIP SpA. Italia, 1981], which suggested a lack of basement involvement in the Apennine belt, and recent seismic data, which imaged deep reflectors penetrating the basement. Two magnetic models along NE-SW transects in the northern and southern Apennines suggest consistent structural styles. In the northern Apennines, positive anomalies roughly coincide with the external compressive fronts, although there are local second-order differences between the belt front and the edges of the anomaly. Here the magnetic data show that the basement rises southwestward along the thrust fronts from 6–7 km depth in the Adriatic foreland to 2–3 km depth in the axial belt, where some exploration wells have penetrated basement. Within the belt front, basement exhumation is inferred to occur along high-angle, low-displacement thrust faults inverting
preexisting normal faults. In the southern Apennines, a remarkable positive magnetic
anomaly is parallel with and tens of kilometers southwest of the belt front. Seismic data and oil wells show that the basement surface cannot be shallower in the belt than in the foreland. Therefore the observed magnetic anomaly is produced by strongly magnetic basement beneath the belt, likely an internal crustal wedge tectonically interposed between the Apulian carbonate sequences and basement.
belt/Adriatic-Apulian foreland obtained by integrating ground and offshore data sets
[Chiappini et al., 2000a]. Negative anomalies are documented over the Adriatic-Apulian
foreland areas, whereas the external Apennine belt is characterized by a ubiquitous lowamplitude (<30 nT), long-wavelength positive anomaly. In the central northern Apennines, three 100 km wide more intense (100–200 nT) round-shaped anomalies are
superimposed to the long-wavelength feature. Finally, in the Tyrrhenian Sea and margins,
high-intensity, short-wavelength positive-negative couplets coincide with magmatic outcrops or bodies at shallow depth. The low-amplitude anomaly pattern over Italy
suggests that the magnetic basement beneath the Triassic evaporites is ubiquitously
incorporated in the external belt compressive fronts, implying a thick-skinned tectonic style for the external Apennines. The new residual magnetic map resolves the inconsistency between previous aeromagnetic data [AGIP SpA. Italia, 1981], which suggested a lack of basement involvement in the Apennine belt, and recent seismic data, which imaged deep reflectors penetrating the basement. Two magnetic models along NE-SW transects in the northern and southern Apennines suggest consistent structural styles. In the northern Apennines, positive anomalies roughly coincide with the external compressive fronts, although there are local second-order differences between the belt front and the edges of the anomaly. Here the magnetic data show that the basement rises southwestward along the thrust fronts from 6–7 km depth in the Adriatic foreland to 2–3 km depth in the axial belt, where some exploration wells have penetrated basement. Within the belt front, basement exhumation is inferred to occur along high-angle, low-displacement thrust faults inverting
preexisting normal faults. In the southern Apennines, a remarkable positive magnetic
anomaly is parallel with and tens of kilometers southwest of the belt front. Seismic data and oil wells show that the basement surface cannot be shallower in the belt than in the foreland. Therefore the observed magnetic anomaly is produced by strongly magnetic basement beneath the belt, likely an internal crustal wedge tectonically interposed between the Apulian carbonate sequences and basement.
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Marche area (Italy): Shallow and deep structural styles, Tectonics,
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781– 795, 1996.
Ferranti, L., and J. S. Oldow, History and tectonic implications of low-angle
detachment faults and orogen-parallel extension, Picentini Mountains,
southern Apennines fold and thrust belt, Italy, Tectonics, 18(3), 498–
526, 1999.
Frepoli, A., and A. Amato, Contemporaneous extension and compression in
the northern Apennines from earthquake fault-plane solutions, Geophys.
J. Int., 129, 368–388, 1997.
Improta, L., G. Iannaccone, P. Capuano, A. Zollo, and P. Scandone, Inference
on the upper crustal structure of southern Apennines (Italy) from
seismic refraction investigations and subsurface data, Tectonophysics,
317, 273– 297, 2000.
Jolivet, L., et al., Midcrustal shear zones in postorogenic extension: Example
from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12,123–
12,160, 1998.
Kastens, K., J. Mascle, and C. Auroux, A microcosm of ocean basin evolution
in the Mediterranean, Nature, 321, 383–384, 1986.
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belt (Italy), Tectonophysics, 146, 125– 137, 1988.
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Seismotectonic zoning in east-central Italy deduced from an analysis of
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Liotta, D., L. Cernobori, and R. Nicolich, Restricted rifting and its coexistence
with compressional structures: Results from the CROP 3 traverse
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16(3), 504–522, 1997.
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constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, J. Geophys.
Res., 104, 20,307– 20,327, 1999.
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shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking
of the lithosphere, Tectonics, 5(2), 227– 245, 1986.
Marshak, S., Kinematics of orocline and arc formation in thin-skinned
orogens, Tectonics, 7(1), 73–86, 1988.
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Miocene-Quaternary extensional basins of the northern Apennines, Italy,
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Mattei, M., L. Sagnotti, C. Faccenna, and R. Funiciello, Magnetic fabric of
weakly deformed clayey sediments in the Italian peninsula: Relationships
with compressional and extensional tectonics, Tectonophysics, 271, 107–
122, 1997.
Mazzoli, S., S. Corrado, M. De Donatis, D. Scrocca, R. W. H. Butler, D. Di
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Argnani, A., The southern Tyrrhenian subduction system: Recent evolution
and neotectonic implications, Ann. Geofis., 43(3), 585–607, 2000.
Arisi Rota, F., and R. Fichera, Magnetic interpretation related to geo-magnetic
provinces: The Italian case history, Tectonophysics, 138, 179– 196,
1987.
Bally, A. W., L. Burbi, C. Cooper, and R. Ghelardoni, Balanced sections
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Geol. It., 35, 257– 310, 1986.
Barchi, M. R., Integration of a seismic profile with surface and subsurface
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Soc. Geol. It., 110, 469–479, 1991.
Barchi, M. R., A. De Feyter, M. B. Magnani, G. Minelli, G. Pialli, and B.
M. Sotera, The structural style of the Umbria-Marche fold and thrust belt,
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Studi Geol. Camerti, 1, 155– 178, 1991.
Bigi, S., F. Calamita, and W. Paltrinieri, Modi e tempi della strutturazione
della catena centroappenninica abruzzese dal Gran Sasso alla costa adriatica,
Studi Geol. Camerti,, Vol. Spec. 1995/2, 77– 85, 1995.
Calamita, F., G. Cello, G. Deiana, and W. Paltrinieri, Structural styles,
chronology rates of deformation, and time-space relationships in the
Umbria-Marche thrust system (central Apennines, Italy), Tectonics,
13(4), 873–881, 1994.
Casero, P., F. Roure, L. Endignoux, I. Moretti, C. Muller, L. Sage, and
R. Vially, Neogene geodynamic evolution of the southern Apennines,
Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 41, 109–120, 1988.
Cassano, E., L. Anelli, V. Cappelli, and P. La Torre, Interpretation of northern
Apennine magnetic and gravity data in relation to the profile CROP-
03, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 52, 413– 425, 1998.
Cataldi, R., F. Mongelli, P. Squarci, L. Taffi, G. Zito, and C. Calore, Geothermal
ranking of Italian territory, Geothermics, 24(1), 115– 129, 1995.
Chiappini, M., A. Meloni, E. Boschi, O. Faggioni, N. Beverini, C. Carmisciano,
and I. Marson, Onshore-offshore integrated shaded relief magnetic
anomaly map at sea level of Italy and surrounding areas, scale 1:1,50,0000,
Ann. Geofis., 43(5), Plate 1, 2000a.
Chiappini, M., A. Meloni, E. Boschi, O. Faggioni, N. Beverini, C. Carmisciano,
and I. Marson, Shaded relief total field magnetic anomaly map of
Italy and surrounding marine areas at sea level, Ann. Geofis., 43(5), 983–
989, 2000b.
Chiarabba, C., and A. Amato, Upper crustal structure of the Benevento area
(southern Italy): fault heterogeneities and potential for large earthquakes,
Geophys. J. Int., 130, 229– 239, 1997.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Structural model of Italy and gravity
map, scale 1:500,000, Progetto Finalizzato Geodin., Rome, 1991.
Coward, M. P., M. De Donatis, S. Mazzoli, W. Paltrinieri, and F.-C. Wezel,
Frontal part of the northern Apennines fold and thrust belt in the Romagna-
Marche area (Italy): Shallow and deep structural styles, Tectonics,
18(3), 559–574, 1999.
Decandia, F. A., A. Lazzarotto, D. Liotta, L. Cernobori, and R. Nicolich,
The CROP03 traverse: Insights on post-collisional evolution of the northern
Apennines, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 52, 427– 439, 1998.
De Donatis, M., C. Invernizzi, A. Landuzzi, S. Mazzoli, and M. Potetti,
CROP03: Structure of the Montecalvo In Foglia- Adriatic Sea segment,
Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 52, 617– 630, 1998.
Del Ben, A., I. Finetti, F. Mongelli, and G. Zito, Seismic and heat flow
study of the southern Adriatic Sea, Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 36, 29– 44,
1994.
Dewey, J. F., M. L. Helman, E. Turco, D. H. W. Hutton, and S. D. Knott,
Kinematics of the western Mediterranean, in Alpine Tectonics, edited by
M. P. Coward, D. Dietrich, and R. G. Park, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.
London, 45, 265–283, 1989.
Elter, P., G. Giglia, M. Tongiorgi, and L. Trevisan, Tensional and compressional
areas in recent (Tortonian to Present) evolution of north Apennines,
Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 17, 3 – 18, 1975.
Endignoux, L., I. Moretti, and F. Roure, Forward modelling of the southern
Apennines, Tectonics, 8(5), 1095– 1104, 1989.
Faccenna, C., P. Davy, J.-P. Brun, R. Funiciello, D. Giardini, M. Mattei, and
T. Nalpas, The dynamics of back-arc extension: An experimental approach
to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 126,
781– 795, 1996.
Ferranti, L., and J. S. Oldow, History and tectonic implications of low-angle
detachment faults and orogen-parallel extension, Picentini Mountains,
southern Apennines fold and thrust belt, Italy, Tectonics, 18(3), 498–
526, 1999.
Frepoli, A., and A. Amato, Contemporaneous extension and compression in
the northern Apennines from earthquake fault-plane solutions, Geophys.
J. Int., 129, 368–388, 1997.
Improta, L., G. Iannaccone, P. Capuano, A. Zollo, and P. Scandone, Inference
on the upper crustal structure of southern Apennines (Italy) from
seismic refraction investigations and subsurface data, Tectonophysics,
317, 273– 297, 2000.
Jolivet, L., et al., Midcrustal shear zones in postorogenic extension: Example
from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12,123–
12,160, 1998.
Kastens, K., J. Mascle, and C. Auroux, A microcosm of ocean basin evolution
in the Mediterranean, Nature, 321, 383–384, 1986.
Lavecchia, G., G. Minelli, and G. Pialli, The Umbria-Marche arcuate fold
belt (Italy), Tectonophysics, 146, 125– 137, 1988.
Lavecchia, G., F. Brozzetti, M. Barchi, M. Menichetti, and J. V. A. Keller,
Seismotectonic zoning in east-central Italy deduced from an analysis of
the Neogene to present deformations and related stress fields, Geol. Soc.
Am. Bull., 106, 1107– 1120, 1994.
Liotta, D., L. Cernobori, and R. Nicolich, Restricted rifting and its coexistence
with compressional structures: Results from the CROP 3 traverse
(northern Apennines, Italy), Terra Nova, 10, 16– 20, 1998.
Lonergan, L., and N. White, Origin of the Betic-Rif mountain belt, Tectonics,
16(3), 504–522, 1997.
Lucente, F. P., C. Chiarabba, G. B. Cimini, and D. Giardini, Tomographic
constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, J. Geophys.
Res., 104, 20,307– 20,327, 1999.
Malinverno, A., and W. B. F. Ryan, Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and
shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking
of the lithosphere, Tectonics, 5(2), 227– 245, 1986.
Marshak, S., Kinematics of orocline and arc formation in thin-skinned
orogens, Tectonics, 7(1), 73–86, 1988.
Martini, I. P., and M. Sagri, Tectono-sedimentary characteristics of late
Miocene-Quaternary extensional basins of the northern Apennines, Italy,
Earth Sci. Rev., 34, 197–233, 1993.
Mattei, M., L. Sagnotti, C. Faccenna, and R. Funiciello, Magnetic fabric of
weakly deformed clayey sediments in the Italian peninsula: Relationships
with compressional and extensional tectonics, Tectonophysics, 271, 107–
122, 1997.
Mazzoli, S., S. Corrado, M. De Donatis, D. Scrocca, R. W. H. Butler, D. Di
Bucci, G. Naso, C. Nicolaj, and V. Zucconi, Thin-vs-thick skinned thrust
tectonics in the Apennines (Italy), paper presented at International Conference
‘‘Thrust Tectonics,’’ R. Holloway Univ. of London, London, 26–
29 April 1999.
Mazzoli, S., S. Corrado, M. De Donatis, D. Scrocca, R. W. H. Butler, D. Di
Bucci, G. Naso, C. Nicolai, and V. Zucconi, Time and space variability of
‘‘thin skinned’’ and ‘‘thick skinned’’ thrust tectonics in the Apennines
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