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A composite record of Late Pleistocene relative geomagnetic paleointensity from Wilkes Land Basin (Antarctica)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/ 151 (2005)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
223-242
Issued date
2005
Keywords
Abstract
We report high-resolution paleomagnetic records obtained from six piston cores recovered on the continental rise of theWilkes
Land Basin (WLB), East Antarctica, in the frame of the Italian/Australian Wilkes Land Glacial History (WEGA) project. The
studied cores, with a length of ca. 4m each, were collected from the gentle and steep sides of sedimentary ridges present in
the lower part of the continental rise, and consist of very fine-grained sediments. Paleomagnetic measurements were carried
out on u-channel samples. Apart from a low-coercivity magnetic overprint, removed after the first steps of alternating field
demagnetization, each core is characterized by a well defined characteristic remanent magnetization. Paleomagnetic inclinations
fluctuate around the expected value (of ca. −77◦) for such high latitude sites and always indicate normal magnetic polarity.
Short period oscillations to anomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations (up to −20◦) were identified at different levels of
the sampled sequences; positive (reverse) inclination values were however not observed. Specific rock magnetic measurements
indicate a substantial homogeneity of the magnetic mineralogy in the sampled sequences. For each core we reconstructed curves
of relative paleointensity (RPI, as computed by NRM20mT/κ and NRM20mT/ARM20mT) variation of the geomagnetic field. An
original age modelwas established by tuning the individual RPI curves with the available global and regional reference RPI stacks.
Paleomagnetic results, supported by other limited bio- and chronostratigraphic constraints, establish that all the cores are Late
Pleistocene in age: two provide an expanded record of the last ca. 30 ka (PC18 and PC19), three span the last ca. 100, 200 and
300 ka (respectively, PC25, PC27 and PC26), and one reaches back to ca. 780 ka (PC20), approaching the Brunhes–Matuyama
transition. Thus, the WEGA paleomagnetic record provides the first experimental data documenting the dynamics and amplitude
of the geomagnetic field variations at high southern latitudes during the Brunhes Chron. The individual normalized RPI records
were merged in aWEGARPI stacking curve spanning the last 300 kyr. The comparison of theWEGARPI individual and stacked
curves with the global references RPI stacks shows that geomagnetic paleointensity variations, with periods longer than a few to
tens kyr depending on the sedimentation rate, can be safely recognized in this sector of the peri-Antarctic margins. Furthermore,
the stacking of the individual ChRM inclination records indicates that the recurrent swings to shallow paleomagnetic inclinations
may be correlated to the main known geomagnetic excursions of the Brunhes Chron, supporting the validity of the age models.
The reconstructed average sediment accumulation rates for the individual cores range from 0.6 to 19 cm/ka and are compatible
with their position within the WLB, with the lowest rates found close to the ridge of the sedimentary drifts. Moreover, the
high-resolution age models obtained in this study provide original constraints to assess chronology, rates and amplitudes of the
climatic and environmental processes affecting this key area of the peri-Antarctic margins during the Late Pleistocene.
Land Basin (WLB), East Antarctica, in the frame of the Italian/Australian Wilkes Land Glacial History (WEGA) project. The
studied cores, with a length of ca. 4m each, were collected from the gentle and steep sides of sedimentary ridges present in
the lower part of the continental rise, and consist of very fine-grained sediments. Paleomagnetic measurements were carried
out on u-channel samples. Apart from a low-coercivity magnetic overprint, removed after the first steps of alternating field
demagnetization, each core is characterized by a well defined characteristic remanent magnetization. Paleomagnetic inclinations
fluctuate around the expected value (of ca. −77◦) for such high latitude sites and always indicate normal magnetic polarity.
Short period oscillations to anomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations (up to −20◦) were identified at different levels of
the sampled sequences; positive (reverse) inclination values were however not observed. Specific rock magnetic measurements
indicate a substantial homogeneity of the magnetic mineralogy in the sampled sequences. For each core we reconstructed curves
of relative paleointensity (RPI, as computed by NRM20mT/κ and NRM20mT/ARM20mT) variation of the geomagnetic field. An
original age modelwas established by tuning the individual RPI curves with the available global and regional reference RPI stacks.
Paleomagnetic results, supported by other limited bio- and chronostratigraphic constraints, establish that all the cores are Late
Pleistocene in age: two provide an expanded record of the last ca. 30 ka (PC18 and PC19), three span the last ca. 100, 200 and
300 ka (respectively, PC25, PC27 and PC26), and one reaches back to ca. 780 ka (PC20), approaching the Brunhes–Matuyama
transition. Thus, the WEGA paleomagnetic record provides the first experimental data documenting the dynamics and amplitude
of the geomagnetic field variations at high southern latitudes during the Brunhes Chron. The individual normalized RPI records
were merged in aWEGARPI stacking curve spanning the last 300 kyr. The comparison of theWEGARPI individual and stacked
curves with the global references RPI stacks shows that geomagnetic paleointensity variations, with periods longer than a few to
tens kyr depending on the sedimentation rate, can be safely recognized in this sector of the peri-Antarctic margins. Furthermore,
the stacking of the individual ChRM inclination records indicates that the recurrent swings to shallow paleomagnetic inclinations
may be correlated to the main known geomagnetic excursions of the Brunhes Chron, supporting the validity of the age models.
The reconstructed average sediment accumulation rates for the individual cores range from 0.6 to 19 cm/ka and are compatible
with their position within the WLB, with the lowest rates found close to the ridge of the sedimentary drifts. Moreover, the
high-resolution age models obtained in this study provide original constraints to assess chronology, rates and amplitudes of the
climatic and environmental processes affecting this key area of the peri-Antarctic margins during the Late Pleistocene.
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Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 333–336.
Benson, L.V., Liddicoat, J.C., Smoot, J.P., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.,
Negrini, R.M., Lund, S.P., 2003. The age of the Mono Lake excursion.
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and water masses over the Antarctic continental slope
and rise between 80 and 150◦E. Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 2299–
2326.
Biswas, D.K., Hyodo, M., Taniguchi, Y., Kaneko, M., Katoh, S.,
Sato, H., Kinugasa, Y., Mizuno, K., 1999. Magnetostratigraphy
of Plio-Pleistocene sediments in a 1700-m core from Osaka Bay,
southwestern Japan and short geomagnetic events in the middle
Matuyama and early Brunhes chrons. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol.
Palaeoecol. 148, 233–248.
Brachfeld, S., Domack, E.W., Kissel, C., Laj, C., Leventer, A., Ishman,
S.E., Gilbert, R., Camerlenghi, A., Eglinton, L.B., 2003.
Holocene history of the Larsen ice shelf constrained by geomagnetic
paleointensity dating. Geology 31, 749–752.
Brachfeld, S., Kissel, C., Laj, C., Mazaud, A., 2004. Viscous behavior
of U-channels during acquisition and demagnetization of
remanences: implications for paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic
investigations. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 145, 1–8.
Brancolini, G., Harris, P.T., 2000. Post Cruise Report AGSO Survey
217: Joint Italian/Australian Marine Geoscienze Expedition
Aboard the R.V. Tangaroa to the Geotge Vth Land Region of
East Antartica during February–March 2000. Australian National
Antarctic Research Expeditions Project No. 1044. Wilkes Land
Glacial History (WEGA), AGSO Record.
Busetti, M., Caburlotto, A., Armand, L., Damiani, D., Giorgetti,
G., Lucchi, R.G., Quilty, P.G., Villa, G., 2003. Plio-Quaternary
sedimentation on the Wilkes Land continental rise: preliminary
results. Deep-Sea Res. II 50, 1529–1562.
Caburlotto, A., Macr`ı, P., Damiani, D., Giorgetti, G., Busetti, M.,
Villa, G., Lucchi, R.G., 2003. Piston cores from the Wilkes
Land rise: data and considerations. Terra Antartica Rep. 9,
63–68.
Caburlotto, A., 2003. Processi sedimentari di mare profondo sul
Margine Continentale Glaciale Antartico. Ph.D. Thesis. University
of Siena, Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze Polari, XVI Ciclo,
16 dicembre 2003, 143 pp.
Champion, D.E., Lanphere, M.A., Kuntz, M.A., 1988. Evidence
for a new geomagnetic reversal from lava flows in Idaho:
discussion of short polarity reversals in the Brunhes and
late Matuyama polarity chrons. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 11667–
11680.
Channell, J.E.T., Hodell, D.A., Lehman, B., 1997. Relative geomagnetic
paleointensity and 18O at ODP Site 983 (Gardar
Drift, North Atlantic) since 350 ka. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 153,
103–118.
Channell, J.E.T., Stoner, J.S., Hodell, D.A., Charles, C.D., 2000.
Geomagnetic paleointensity for the last 100 kyr from the subantarctic
South Atlantic: a tool for inter-hemispheric correlation.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 175, 145–160.
Channel, J.E.T., Curtis, J.H., Flower, B.P., 2004. The Matuyama-
Brunhes boundary interval (500–900 ka) in North Atlantic drift
sediments. Geophys. J. Int. 158, 489–505.
Day, R., Fuller, M., Schmidt, V.A., 1977. Hysteresis properties
of titanomagnetites: grain-size and compositional dependence.
Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 13, 260–267.
Dinar`es-Turell, J., Sagnotti, L., Roberts, A.P., 2002. Relative geomagnetic
paleointensity from the Jaramillo subchron to the
Matuyama/Brunhes boundary as recorded in a Mediterranean
piston core. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 194, 327–341.
Domack, E.W., Anderson, J.B., 1983. Marine geology of the George
V continental margin: combined results of deep freeze 79 the 1914 Australian expedition. In: Oliver, R.L., James, P.R.,
Jago, J.B. (Eds.), Antarctic Earth Science. Australian Academy
of Science, Cambridge University Press, Camberra, pp. 402–
406.
Eittreim, S., Gordon, A.L., Ewing, M., Thorndike, E.M., Bruchhausen,
P., 1972. The nepheloid layer and observed bottom
currents in the Indian-Pacific Antarctic Sea. In: Gordon, A.L.
(Ed.), Studies in Physical Oceanography. Gordon and Breach,
New York, pp. 19–35.
Escutia, C., Eittreim, S.L., Cooper, A.K., 1997. Cenozoic sedimentation
on the Wilkes Land continental rise, Antarctica. In: Ricci,
C.A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on
Antarctic Earth Sciences. Terra Antarctica Publication, Siena,
pp. 791–795.
Gordon, A.L., Tchernia, P., 1972. Waters of the continental margin
off Ad´elie coast, Antarctica. In: Hayes, D.E. (Ed.), Antarctic
Oceanology II: The Australian—New Zealand Sector. Antarctic
Research Series. American Geophysical Union,Washington, pp.
59–69.
Guyodo, Y., Valet, J.-P., 1996. Relative variations in geomagnetic
intensity from sedimentary records: the past 200,000 years. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 143, 23–36.
Guyodo, Y., Valet, J.-P., 1999. Global changes in intensity of the
Earth’s magnetic field during the past 800 kyr. Nature (London)
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