Options
Subduction and the depth of convection in the Mediterranean mantle
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
B2/108 (2003)
Publisher
AGU
Issued date
2003
Abstract
We tie together geological data, paleotectonic reconstruction, plate motion, and
tomographic analysis to unravel the history of subduction and back arc extension of the
eastern and central Mediterranean. In these two regions, extensional processes started
contemporaneously, around 30 Myr ago, but with marked differences. In the eastern region,
the Aegean basin opened slowly ( 1 cm/yr) behind a shallow dipping slab (40–45 ). The
corresponding high-velocity anomaly extends inside the upper mantle and can be also
followed in the midmantle down to a depth of at least 1500 km. Its descent into the
midmantle initiated most probably during the Late Cretaceous, and the trench moved
northeastward, following the path of the Eurasian plate and under the persistent push of the
African plate. Conversely, in the central Mediterranean region, subduction initiated later,
and the motion of the subducting slab is confined to the upper mantle, causing punctuated
and rapid episodes of back arc extension (Provenc¸al and Tyrrhenian basins) behind a slab
that dips steeply (75 ). We explore the causes that control how the slab subducted and
interacted with the lower, more viscous part of the mantle.
tomographic analysis to unravel the history of subduction and back arc extension of the
eastern and central Mediterranean. In these two regions, extensional processes started
contemporaneously, around 30 Myr ago, but with marked differences. In the eastern region,
the Aegean basin opened slowly ( 1 cm/yr) behind a shallow dipping slab (40–45 ). The
corresponding high-velocity anomaly extends inside the upper mantle and can be also
followed in the midmantle down to a depth of at least 1500 km. Its descent into the
midmantle initiated most probably during the Late Cretaceous, and the trench moved
northeastward, following the path of the Eurasian plate and under the persistent push of the
African plate. Conversely, in the central Mediterranean region, subduction initiated later,
and the motion of the subducting slab is confined to the upper mantle, causing punctuated
and rapid episodes of back arc extension (Provenc¸al and Tyrrhenian basins) behind a slab
that dips steeply (75 ). We explore the causes that control how the slab subducted and
interacted with the lower, more viscous part of the mantle.
References
Armijo, R., B. Meyer, A. Hubert, and A. Barka, Westward propagation of
the North Anatolian fault into the northern Aegean: Timing and kinematics,
Geology, 27, 267– 270, 1999.
Barka, A. A., The North Anatolian fault zone, Ann. Tecton., 6, 164– 195,
Special issue, 1992.
Beccaluva, L., P. Brotzu, G. Macciotta, L. Morbidelli, G. Serri, and G.
Traversa, Cainozoic Tectono-magmatic evolution and inferred mantle
sources in the Sardo-Tyrrhenian area, in The Lithosphere in Italy, Adv.
Sci. Res., edited by A. Boriani, M. Bonafede, G. B. Piccardo, and G. B.
Vai, pp. 229– 248, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, 1989.
Becker, T.W., and L. Boschi, A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic
mantle models, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 3(1), 2295, doi:10.1029/
2001GC000168, 2002.
Bijwaard, H., W. Spakman, and R. Engdahl, Closing the gap between
regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
30,055– 30,078, 1998.
Bonneau, M., Evolution ge´odynamique de l’arc Ege´en depuis le Jurassique
Supe´rieur jusqu’au Mioce`ne, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 229–242, 1982.
Borsi, S., and R. Dubois, Donnes geochronologiques sue l’histoire hercynienne
et alpine de la Calabre centrale, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. P, 266,
72– 75, 1968.
Bro¨cker, M., and M. Enders, U–Pb zircon geochronology of unusual eclogite-
facies rocks from Syros and Tinos (Cyclades, Greece), Geol. Mag.,
136, 111– 118, 1999.
Bunge, H. P., and S. P. Grand, Mesozoic plate-motion history below the
northeast Pacific Ocean from seismic images of the subducted Farallon
plate, Nature, 405, 337– 340, 2000.
Bunge, H. P., M. A. Richards, and J. R. Baumgardner, A sensitivity study of
three-dimensional spherical mantle convection at 108 Rayleigh number:
Effects of depth-dependent viscosity, heating mode, and endothermic
phase change, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,991–12,007, 1997.
Bunge, H.-P., et al., Time scales and heterogeneous structures in geodynamic
earth models, Science, 280, 91– 95, 1998.
Burke, K., The African Plate, S. Afr. J. Geol., 99, 341– 409, 1996.
Burrus, J., Contribution to a geodynamic synthesis of the Provenc¸al basin
(north-western Mediterranean), Mar. Geol., 55, 247– 269, 1984.
Chamot-Rooke, N., J.-M. Gaulier, and F. Jestin, Constraints on Moho depth
and crustal thickness in the Liguro-Provenc¸al basin from a 3D gravity
inversion: Geodynamic implications, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary
Extension Within the Alpine Orogene, Spec. Publ., edited by B.
Durand, A. Mascle, L. Jolivet, F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 37– 61,
Geological Society, London, 1999.
Cherchi, A., and L. Montandert, Oligo-Miocene rift of Sardinia and the early
history of the Western Mediterranean basin, Nature, 298, 736–739, 1982.
Christensen, U. R., The influence of trench migration on slab penetration
into the lower mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 140, 27–39, 1996.
Christensen, U. R., and D. A. Yuen, The interaction of a subducting lithospheric
slab with a chemical or phase boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 89,
4389– 4402, 1984.
D’Agostino, N., and D. McKenzie, Convective support of long-wavelength
topography in the Apennines, Terra Nova, 11, 234–238, 1999.
Davis, G. F., Penetration of plates and plumes through the mantle transition
zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 133, 507– 516, 1995.
Dercourt, J., et al., Geological evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic
to the Pamir since the Lias, Tectonophysics, 123, 241– 315, 1986.
Dewey, J. F., C. W. Pitman III, W. B. Ryan, and J. Bonnin, Plate tectonics
and the evolution of the Alpine system, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 3137–
3180, 1973.
Dewey, J. F., M. L. Helman, E. Turco, and D. H. W. Hutton, Kinematics of
the Western Mediterranean, in Alpine Tectonic, edited by M. P. Coward
and D. Dietrich, pp. 265–283, 1989.
Dietrich, D., Sense of overthrust shear in the Alpine nappes of Calabria
(southern Italy), J. Struct. Geol., 10, 373–381, 1988.
Faccenna, C., F. Funiciello, D. Giardini, and P. Lucente, Episodic back-arc
extension during restricted mantle convection in the Central Mediterranean,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 105– 116, 2001a.
Faccenna, C., T. W. Becker, F. P. Lucente, L. Jolivet, and F. Rossetti,
History of subduction and back-arc extension in the Central Mediterranean,
Geophys. J. Int., 145, 809– 820, 2001b.
Finetti, I., and A. Del Ben, Geophysical study of the Tyrrhenian opening,
Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 28(110), 75– 155, 1986.
Fukao, Y., S. Widiyantoro, and M. Obayashi, Stagnant slabs in the
upper and lower mantle transition region, Rev. Geophys., 39, 291–
323, 2001.
Gautier, P., J. P. Brun, R. Moriceau, D. Sokoutis, J. Martinod, and L.
Jolivet, Timing, kinematics and cause of Aegean extension: A scenario
based on a comparison with simple analogue experiments, Tectonophysics,
315, 31– 72, 1999.
Gealey, W. K., Plate tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean–Middle East
region, Tectonophysics, 155, 285–306, 1988.
Giardini, D., and M. Velona`, La sismicita` profonda del Mar Tirreno, Mem.
Soc. Geol. Ital., 41, 1079– 1087, 1988.
Gordon, R. G., and D. M. Jurdy, Cenozoic global plate motion, J. Geophys.
Res., 91, 12,389– 12,406, 1986.
Gorini, C., A. Mauffret, P. Guennoc, and A. Le Marrec, Structure of the
Gulf of Lions ( Northwestern Mediterranean Sea): A review, in Hydrocarbon
and Petroleum Geology of France, edited by A. Mascle, pp.
223–243, Eur. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 1994.
Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro, Global seismic
tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1–
17, 1997.
Griffiths, R. W., R. I. Hackney, and R. D. van der Hilst, A laboratory
investigation of effects of trench migration on the descent of subducted
slabs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 133, 1 –17, 1995.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez, On the post-25 Ma geodynamic
evolution of the western Mediterranean, Tectonophysics, 298,
259–269, 1998.
Hatzfeld, D., On the shape of the subducting slab beneath the Peloponnese,
Greece, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(3), 173–176, 1994.
Isacks, B., and P. Molnar, Distribution of stresses in the descending lithosphere
from a global survey of focal mechanism solutions of mantle
earthquakes, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 9, 103– 174, 1971.
Ito, J., and S. D. King, The influence of thermodynamic formulation on
simulations of subduction zone geometry and history, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25(9), 1463– 1466, 1998.
Jacobshagen, V., S. Du¨ rr, F. Kockel, K. O. Kopp, G. Kowalczyk, H. Berckhemer,
and D. Bu¨ttner, Structure and geodynamic evolution of the Aegean
region, in Alps, Apennines, Hellenides, edited by H. Cloos, D.
Roeder, and K. Schmidt, pp. 537–564, IUGG, Stuttgart, 1978.
Jolivet, L., A comparison of geodetic and finite strain pattern in the Aegean,
geodynamic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 95– 104, 2001.
Jolivet, L., and C. Faccenna, Mediterranean extension and the Africa –
Eurasia collision, Tectonics, 19, 1095– 1106, 2000.
Jolivet, L., and P. Patriat, Ductile extension and the formation of the Aegean
Sea, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension Within the Alpine
Orogene, Spec. Publ., edited by B. Durand, A. Mascle, L. Jolivet,
F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 427– 456, Geological Society, London,
1999.
Jolivet, L., B. Goffe´, P. Monie´, C. Truffert-Luxey, M. Patriat, and M.
Bonneau, Miocene detachment in Crete and exhumation P–T– t paths
of high pressure metamorphic rocks, Tectonics, 15, 1129–1153, 1996.
Karason, H., and R. D. van der Hilst, Constraints on mantle convection
from seismic tomography, in The History and Dynamics of Global Plate
Motions, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 121, M. Richards, R. G. Gordon, and R.
D. van der Hilst, 277–289, 2000.
Kastens, K. A., and J. Mascle, The geological evolution of the Tyrrhenian
Sea: An introduction to the scientific results of ODP Leg 107, in Proceedings
of the ODP, Scientific Results, edited by K. A. Kastens,
J. Mascle, et al., pp. 3 –26, College Station, Tex., 1990.
Kincaid, C., and P. Olson, An experimental study of subduction and slab
migration, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,832– 13,840, 1987.
King, S. D., and J. Ito, Effect of slab rheology on mass transport across a
phase transition boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,211 – 20,222, 1995.
Kissel, C., and C. Laj, The Tertiary geodynamic evolution of the Aegean
arc: A paleomagnetic reconstruction, Tectonophysics, 146, 183 – 201,
1988.
Knott, S. D., The Liguride complex of Southern Italy—A Cretaceous to
Paleogene accretionary wedge, Tectonophysics, 142, 217–226, 1987.
Le Pichon, X., Land-locked oceanic basins and continental collision, the
eastern Mediterranean as a case example, in Mountain Building Processes,
edited by K. J. Hsue, pp. 201– 211, Academic, San Diego, Calif.,
1982.
Le Pichon, X., and J. Angelier, The Hellenic arc and trench system: A key
to the neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area, Tectonophysics,
60, 1– 42, 1979.
Liati, A., and D. Gebauer, Constraining the prograde and retrograde P–T– t
path of Eocene HP rocks by SHRIMP dating of different zircon domains:
Inferred rates of heating, burial, cooling and exhumation for central Rhodope,
northern Greece, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 135, 340– 354, 1999.
Lister, G. S., G. Banga, and A. Feenstra, Metamorphic core complexes of
Cordillera type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece, Geology, 12, 221–
225, 1984.
Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and M. A. Richards, The dynamics of Cenozoic and
Mesozoic plate motions, Rev. Geophys., 36, 27– 78, 1998.
Lucente, P. F., C. Chiarabba, G. B. Cimini, and D. Giardini, Tomographic
constaints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, J. Geophys.
Res., 104, 20,307– 20,327, 1999.
Makris, J., The crust and upper mantle of the Aegean region from deep
seismic soundings, Tectonophysics, 46, 269– 284, 1978.
Malinverno, A., and W. Ryan, Extension in the Tyrrhenian sea and shortening
in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the
lithosphere, Tectonics, 5, 227–245, 1986.
Mauffret, A., G. Pascal, A. Maillard, and C. Gorini, Tectonics and deep
structure of the north-western Mediterranean basin, Mar. Petrol. Geol.,
12(6), 645–666, 1995.
McKenzie, D., Active tectonics of the Alpine– Himalayan belt: The Aegean
Sea and the surrounding, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. A, 300, 337– 355,
1978.
Meijer, P. Th., and R. Wortel, Temporal variation in the stress field of the
Aegean region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(5), 439– 442, 1996.
Morelli, A., and A. Dziewonski, Body wave traveltimes and a spherically
symmetric P- and S-wave velocity model, Geophys. J. Int., 112, 178–
194, 1993.
Mu¨ ller, R. D., J. Y. Royer, and L. A. Lawver, Revised plate motions relative
to the hotspots from combined Atlantic and Indian Ocean hotspot tracks,
Geology, 21, 275–278, 1993.
O’Connor, J. M., and R. A. Duncan, Evolution of the Walvis Ridge– Rio
Grande Rise hot spot system: Implications for African and South
American motion over plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17,475– 17,502,
1990.
Papazachos, B. C., V. G. Karakostas, C. B. Papazachos, and E. M. Scordilis,
The geometry of the Wadati –Benioff zone and lithospheric kinematics
in the Hellenic arc, Tectonophysics, 319, 275–300, 2000.
Papazachos, C., and G. Nolet, P and S deep velocity structure of the
Hellenic area obtained by robust nonlinear inversion of travel times,
J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8349– 8367, 1997.
Patacca, E., R. Sartori, and P. Scandone, Tyrrhenian basin and Apenninic
arcs: Kinematic relations since late tortonian times, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital.,
45, 425– 451, 1990.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli, Imaging the Mediterranean upper mantle by
P-wave travel time tomography, Ann. Geofis., 15, 963– 979, 1997.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli, P-wave tomography of the mantle under
the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys Res., doi:10.1029/
2002JB001757, in press 2002.
Piromallo, C., A. P. Vincent, D. A. Yuen, and A. Morelli, Dynamics of the
transition zone under Europe inferred from wavelet cross-spectra of seismic
tomography, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 125, 125– 139, 2001.
Ricou, L. E., Tethys reconstructed: Plates, continental fragments and their
boundaries since 260 Ma from Central America to south-eastern Asia,
Geodin. Acta, 7, 169– 218, 1994.
Rossetti, F., C. Faccenna, B. Goffe´, P. Monie´, A. Argentieri, R. Funiciello,
and M. Mattei, Alpine structural and metamorphic signature of the Sila
Piccola Massif nappe stack (Calabria, Italy): Insights for the tectonic
evolution of the Calabrian Arc, Tectonics, 20, 112– 133, 2001.
Sartori, R., The main results of ODP Leg 107 in the frame of Neogene to
recent geology of peri-Tyrrhenian areas, in Proceedings of the Oceanic
Drilling Project Scientific Results, vol 107, edited by K. A. Kastens, J.
Mascle, and R. Sartori, pp. 715– 730, 1990.
Savostin, L. A., J.-C. Sibuet, L.-P. Zonenshain, X. Le Pichon, and M.-J.
Roulet, Kinematic evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Pamir since the Triassic, Tectonophysics, 123, 1– 35, 1986.
Selvaggi, G., and C. Chiarabba, Seismicity and P-wave velocity image of
the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 818–
826, 1995.
Seranne, M., The Gulf of Lion continental margin (NW Mediterranean)
revisited by IBS: An overview, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary
Extension Within the Alpine Orogen, Spec. Publ., edited by B. Durand, A.
Mascle, L. Jolivet, F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 21–53, Geological
Society, London, 1999.
Shenk, V., U–Pb and Rb– Sr radiometric dates and their correlation with
metamorphic events in the granulite facies basement of the Serre, southern
Calabria (Italy), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 73, 23– 38, 1980.
Silver, P. G., R. M. Russo, and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, Coupling of South
American and African plate motion and plate deformation, Science, 279,
60– 63, 1998.
Spadini, G., S. Cloetingh, and G. Bertotti, Termo-mecanical modeling of
the Tyrrhenian Sea: Lithospheric necking and kinematics of rifting, Tectonics,
14, 629– 644, 1995.
Spakman, W., M. J. R. Wortel, and N. J. Vlaar, The Hellenic subduction
zone: A tomographic image and its geodynamic implication, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 15, 60– 63, 1988.
Spakman,W., S. van der Lee, and R. van der Hilst, Travel-time tomography
of the European– Mediterranean mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 79,
3 –74, 1993.
Suhadolc, P., and G. F. Panza, Physical properties of the lithosphere– astenosphere
system in Europe from geophysical data, in The Lithosphere in
Italy, Adv. Sci. Res., edited by A. Boriani, M. Bonafede, G. B. Piccardo,
and G. B. Vai, pp. 15 – 40, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome,
1989.
Tackley, P. J., D. J. Stevenson, G. A. Glatzmaier, and G. Schubert, Effects
of a multiple phase transition in a 3-dimensional spherical model of
convection in Earth’s mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,877 – 15,901,
1994.
van der Hilst, R., and H. Karason, Compositional heterogeneity in the
bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth’s mantle: Toward a hybrid convection
model, Science, 283, 1885–1888, 1999.
van der Hilst, R., and T. Seno, Effects of relative plate motion on the deep
structure and penetration depth of slabs below the Izu-Bonin and Mariana
island arcs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 395–407, 1993.
van der Lee, S., and G. Nolet, Seismic image of the subducted trailing
fragments of the Farallon plate, Nature, 386, 266–269, 1997.
van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic Tethys and Iapetus
Oceans, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1993.
Van der Voo, R., W. Spakman, and H. Bijward, Tethyan subducted slabs
under India, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171, 7 –20, 1999a.
Van der Voo, R., W. Spakman, and H. Bijward, Mesozoic subducted slabs
under Siberia, Nature, 397, 246– 249, 1999b.
Wijbrans, J. R., and I. McDougall, 40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from
an alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece); the resetting
of the argon isotopic system, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 93, 187–
194, 1986.
Wijbrans, J. R., and I. McDougall, Metamorphic evolution of the Attic
Cycladic Metamorphic Belt on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) utilizing
40Ar/39Ar age spectrum measurements, J. Metamorph. Geol., 6, 571–
594, 1988.
Wortel, M. J. R., and W. Spakman, Structure and dynamics of subducted
lithosphere in the Mediterranean region, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., 95,
325– 347, 1992.
Wortel, M. J. R., and W. Spakman, Subduction and slab detachment in the
Mediterranean– Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910–1917, 2000.
Wortel, M. J. R., S. D. B. Goes, and W. Spakman, Structure and seismicity
of the Aegean subduction zone, Terra, 554–562, 1990.
Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis, Mantle convection with plates and mobile,
faulted margins, Science, 266, 838–843, 1995.
the North Anatolian fault into the northern Aegean: Timing and kinematics,
Geology, 27, 267– 270, 1999.
Barka, A. A., The North Anatolian fault zone, Ann. Tecton., 6, 164– 195,
Special issue, 1992.
Beccaluva, L., P. Brotzu, G. Macciotta, L. Morbidelli, G. Serri, and G.
Traversa, Cainozoic Tectono-magmatic evolution and inferred mantle
sources in the Sardo-Tyrrhenian area, in The Lithosphere in Italy, Adv.
Sci. Res., edited by A. Boriani, M. Bonafede, G. B. Piccardo, and G. B.
Vai, pp. 229– 248, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, 1989.
Becker, T.W., and L. Boschi, A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic
mantle models, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 3(1), 2295, doi:10.1029/
2001GC000168, 2002.
Bijwaard, H., W. Spakman, and R. Engdahl, Closing the gap between
regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
30,055– 30,078, 1998.
Bonneau, M., Evolution ge´odynamique de l’arc Ege´en depuis le Jurassique
Supe´rieur jusqu’au Mioce`ne, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 229–242, 1982.
Borsi, S., and R. Dubois, Donnes geochronologiques sue l’histoire hercynienne
et alpine de la Calabre centrale, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. P, 266,
72– 75, 1968.
Bro¨cker, M., and M. Enders, U–Pb zircon geochronology of unusual eclogite-
facies rocks from Syros and Tinos (Cyclades, Greece), Geol. Mag.,
136, 111– 118, 1999.
Bunge, H. P., and S. P. Grand, Mesozoic plate-motion history below the
northeast Pacific Ocean from seismic images of the subducted Farallon
plate, Nature, 405, 337– 340, 2000.
Bunge, H. P., M. A. Richards, and J. R. Baumgardner, A sensitivity study of
three-dimensional spherical mantle convection at 108 Rayleigh number:
Effects of depth-dependent viscosity, heating mode, and endothermic
phase change, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,991–12,007, 1997.
Bunge, H.-P., et al., Time scales and heterogeneous structures in geodynamic
earth models, Science, 280, 91– 95, 1998.
Burke, K., The African Plate, S. Afr. J. Geol., 99, 341– 409, 1996.
Burrus, J., Contribution to a geodynamic synthesis of the Provenc¸al basin
(north-western Mediterranean), Mar. Geol., 55, 247– 269, 1984.
Chamot-Rooke, N., J.-M. Gaulier, and F. Jestin, Constraints on Moho depth
and crustal thickness in the Liguro-Provenc¸al basin from a 3D gravity
inversion: Geodynamic implications, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary
Extension Within the Alpine Orogene, Spec. Publ., edited by B.
Durand, A. Mascle, L. Jolivet, F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 37– 61,
Geological Society, London, 1999.
Cherchi, A., and L. Montandert, Oligo-Miocene rift of Sardinia and the early
history of the Western Mediterranean basin, Nature, 298, 736–739, 1982.
Christensen, U. R., The influence of trench migration on slab penetration
into the lower mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 140, 27–39, 1996.
Christensen, U. R., and D. A. Yuen, The interaction of a subducting lithospheric
slab with a chemical or phase boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 89,
4389– 4402, 1984.
D’Agostino, N., and D. McKenzie, Convective support of long-wavelength
topography in the Apennines, Terra Nova, 11, 234–238, 1999.
Davis, G. F., Penetration of plates and plumes through the mantle transition
zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 133, 507– 516, 1995.
Dercourt, J., et al., Geological evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic
to the Pamir since the Lias, Tectonophysics, 123, 241– 315, 1986.
Dewey, J. F., C. W. Pitman III, W. B. Ryan, and J. Bonnin, Plate tectonics
and the evolution of the Alpine system, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 3137–
3180, 1973.
Dewey, J. F., M. L. Helman, E. Turco, and D. H. W. Hutton, Kinematics of
the Western Mediterranean, in Alpine Tectonic, edited by M. P. Coward
and D. Dietrich, pp. 265–283, 1989.
Dietrich, D., Sense of overthrust shear in the Alpine nappes of Calabria
(southern Italy), J. Struct. Geol., 10, 373–381, 1988.
Faccenna, C., F. Funiciello, D. Giardini, and P. Lucente, Episodic back-arc
extension during restricted mantle convection in the Central Mediterranean,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 105– 116, 2001a.
Faccenna, C., T. W. Becker, F. P. Lucente, L. Jolivet, and F. Rossetti,
History of subduction and back-arc extension in the Central Mediterranean,
Geophys. J. Int., 145, 809– 820, 2001b.
Finetti, I., and A. Del Ben, Geophysical study of the Tyrrhenian opening,
Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 28(110), 75– 155, 1986.
Fukao, Y., S. Widiyantoro, and M. Obayashi, Stagnant slabs in the
upper and lower mantle transition region, Rev. Geophys., 39, 291–
323, 2001.
Gautier, P., J. P. Brun, R. Moriceau, D. Sokoutis, J. Martinod, and L.
Jolivet, Timing, kinematics and cause of Aegean extension: A scenario
based on a comparison with simple analogue experiments, Tectonophysics,
315, 31– 72, 1999.
Gealey, W. K., Plate tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean–Middle East
region, Tectonophysics, 155, 285–306, 1988.
Giardini, D., and M. Velona`, La sismicita` profonda del Mar Tirreno, Mem.
Soc. Geol. Ital., 41, 1079– 1087, 1988.
Gordon, R. G., and D. M. Jurdy, Cenozoic global plate motion, J. Geophys.
Res., 91, 12,389– 12,406, 1986.
Gorini, C., A. Mauffret, P. Guennoc, and A. Le Marrec, Structure of the
Gulf of Lions ( Northwestern Mediterranean Sea): A review, in Hydrocarbon
and Petroleum Geology of France, edited by A. Mascle, pp.
223–243, Eur. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 1994.
Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro, Global seismic
tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1–
17, 1997.
Griffiths, R. W., R. I. Hackney, and R. D. van der Hilst, A laboratory
investigation of effects of trench migration on the descent of subducted
slabs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 133, 1 –17, 1995.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez, On the post-25 Ma geodynamic
evolution of the western Mediterranean, Tectonophysics, 298,
259–269, 1998.
Hatzfeld, D., On the shape of the subducting slab beneath the Peloponnese,
Greece, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(3), 173–176, 1994.
Isacks, B., and P. Molnar, Distribution of stresses in the descending lithosphere
from a global survey of focal mechanism solutions of mantle
earthquakes, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 9, 103– 174, 1971.
Ito, J., and S. D. King, The influence of thermodynamic formulation on
simulations of subduction zone geometry and history, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25(9), 1463– 1466, 1998.
Jacobshagen, V., S. Du¨ rr, F. Kockel, K. O. Kopp, G. Kowalczyk, H. Berckhemer,
and D. Bu¨ttner, Structure and geodynamic evolution of the Aegean
region, in Alps, Apennines, Hellenides, edited by H. Cloos, D.
Roeder, and K. Schmidt, pp. 537–564, IUGG, Stuttgart, 1978.
Jolivet, L., A comparison of geodetic and finite strain pattern in the Aegean,
geodynamic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 95– 104, 2001.
Jolivet, L., and C. Faccenna, Mediterranean extension and the Africa –
Eurasia collision, Tectonics, 19, 1095– 1106, 2000.
Jolivet, L., and P. Patriat, Ductile extension and the formation of the Aegean
Sea, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension Within the Alpine
Orogene, Spec. Publ., edited by B. Durand, A. Mascle, L. Jolivet,
F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 427– 456, Geological Society, London,
1999.
Jolivet, L., B. Goffe´, P. Monie´, C. Truffert-Luxey, M. Patriat, and M.
Bonneau, Miocene detachment in Crete and exhumation P–T– t paths
of high pressure metamorphic rocks, Tectonics, 15, 1129–1153, 1996.
Karason, H., and R. D. van der Hilst, Constraints on mantle convection
from seismic tomography, in The History and Dynamics of Global Plate
Motions, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 121, M. Richards, R. G. Gordon, and R.
D. van der Hilst, 277–289, 2000.
Kastens, K. A., and J. Mascle, The geological evolution of the Tyrrhenian
Sea: An introduction to the scientific results of ODP Leg 107, in Proceedings
of the ODP, Scientific Results, edited by K. A. Kastens,
J. Mascle, et al., pp. 3 –26, College Station, Tex., 1990.
Kincaid, C., and P. Olson, An experimental study of subduction and slab
migration, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,832– 13,840, 1987.
King, S. D., and J. Ito, Effect of slab rheology on mass transport across a
phase transition boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,211 – 20,222, 1995.
Kissel, C., and C. Laj, The Tertiary geodynamic evolution of the Aegean
arc: A paleomagnetic reconstruction, Tectonophysics, 146, 183 – 201,
1988.
Knott, S. D., The Liguride complex of Southern Italy—A Cretaceous to
Paleogene accretionary wedge, Tectonophysics, 142, 217–226, 1987.
Le Pichon, X., Land-locked oceanic basins and continental collision, the
eastern Mediterranean as a case example, in Mountain Building Processes,
edited by K. J. Hsue, pp. 201– 211, Academic, San Diego, Calif.,
1982.
Le Pichon, X., and J. Angelier, The Hellenic arc and trench system: A key
to the neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area, Tectonophysics,
60, 1– 42, 1979.
Liati, A., and D. Gebauer, Constraining the prograde and retrograde P–T– t
path of Eocene HP rocks by SHRIMP dating of different zircon domains:
Inferred rates of heating, burial, cooling and exhumation for central Rhodope,
northern Greece, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 135, 340– 354, 1999.
Lister, G. S., G. Banga, and A. Feenstra, Metamorphic core complexes of
Cordillera type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece, Geology, 12, 221–
225, 1984.
Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and M. A. Richards, The dynamics of Cenozoic and
Mesozoic plate motions, Rev. Geophys., 36, 27– 78, 1998.
Lucente, P. F., C. Chiarabba, G. B. Cimini, and D. Giardini, Tomographic
constaints on the geodynamic evolution of the Italian region, J. Geophys.
Res., 104, 20,307– 20,327, 1999.
Makris, J., The crust and upper mantle of the Aegean region from deep
seismic soundings, Tectonophysics, 46, 269– 284, 1978.
Malinverno, A., and W. Ryan, Extension in the Tyrrhenian sea and shortening
in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the
lithosphere, Tectonics, 5, 227–245, 1986.
Mauffret, A., G. Pascal, A. Maillard, and C. Gorini, Tectonics and deep
structure of the north-western Mediterranean basin, Mar. Petrol. Geol.,
12(6), 645–666, 1995.
McKenzie, D., Active tectonics of the Alpine– Himalayan belt: The Aegean
Sea and the surrounding, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. A, 300, 337– 355,
1978.
Meijer, P. Th., and R. Wortel, Temporal variation in the stress field of the
Aegean region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(5), 439– 442, 1996.
Morelli, A., and A. Dziewonski, Body wave traveltimes and a spherically
symmetric P- and S-wave velocity model, Geophys. J. Int., 112, 178–
194, 1993.
Mu¨ ller, R. D., J. Y. Royer, and L. A. Lawver, Revised plate motions relative
to the hotspots from combined Atlantic and Indian Ocean hotspot tracks,
Geology, 21, 275–278, 1993.
O’Connor, J. M., and R. A. Duncan, Evolution of the Walvis Ridge– Rio
Grande Rise hot spot system: Implications for African and South
American motion over plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17,475– 17,502,
1990.
Papazachos, B. C., V. G. Karakostas, C. B. Papazachos, and E. M. Scordilis,
The geometry of the Wadati –Benioff zone and lithospheric kinematics
in the Hellenic arc, Tectonophysics, 319, 275–300, 2000.
Papazachos, C., and G. Nolet, P and S deep velocity structure of the
Hellenic area obtained by robust nonlinear inversion of travel times,
J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8349– 8367, 1997.
Patacca, E., R. Sartori, and P. Scandone, Tyrrhenian basin and Apenninic
arcs: Kinematic relations since late tortonian times, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital.,
45, 425– 451, 1990.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli, Imaging the Mediterranean upper mantle by
P-wave travel time tomography, Ann. Geofis., 15, 963– 979, 1997.
Piromallo, C., and A. Morelli, P-wave tomography of the mantle under
the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys Res., doi:10.1029/
2002JB001757, in press 2002.
Piromallo, C., A. P. Vincent, D. A. Yuen, and A. Morelli, Dynamics of the
transition zone under Europe inferred from wavelet cross-spectra of seismic
tomography, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 125, 125– 139, 2001.
Ricou, L. E., Tethys reconstructed: Plates, continental fragments and their
boundaries since 260 Ma from Central America to south-eastern Asia,
Geodin. Acta, 7, 169– 218, 1994.
Rossetti, F., C. Faccenna, B. Goffe´, P. Monie´, A. Argentieri, R. Funiciello,
and M. Mattei, Alpine structural and metamorphic signature of the Sila
Piccola Massif nappe stack (Calabria, Italy): Insights for the tectonic
evolution of the Calabrian Arc, Tectonics, 20, 112– 133, 2001.
Sartori, R., The main results of ODP Leg 107 in the frame of Neogene to
recent geology of peri-Tyrrhenian areas, in Proceedings of the Oceanic
Drilling Project Scientific Results, vol 107, edited by K. A. Kastens, J.
Mascle, and R. Sartori, pp. 715– 730, 1990.
Savostin, L. A., J.-C. Sibuet, L.-P. Zonenshain, X. Le Pichon, and M.-J.
Roulet, Kinematic evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Pamir since the Triassic, Tectonophysics, 123, 1– 35, 1986.
Selvaggi, G., and C. Chiarabba, Seismicity and P-wave velocity image of
the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 818–
826, 1995.
Seranne, M., The Gulf of Lion continental margin (NW Mediterranean)
revisited by IBS: An overview, in The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary
Extension Within the Alpine Orogen, Spec. Publ., edited by B. Durand, A.
Mascle, L. Jolivet, F. Horva`th, and M. Se´ranne, pp. 21–53, Geological
Society, London, 1999.
Shenk, V., U–Pb and Rb– Sr radiometric dates and their correlation with
metamorphic events in the granulite facies basement of the Serre, southern
Calabria (Italy), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 73, 23– 38, 1980.
Silver, P. G., R. M. Russo, and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, Coupling of South
American and African plate motion and plate deformation, Science, 279,
60– 63, 1998.
Spadini, G., S. Cloetingh, and G. Bertotti, Termo-mecanical modeling of
the Tyrrhenian Sea: Lithospheric necking and kinematics of rifting, Tectonics,
14, 629– 644, 1995.
Spakman, W., M. J. R. Wortel, and N. J. Vlaar, The Hellenic subduction
zone: A tomographic image and its geodynamic implication, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 15, 60– 63, 1988.
Spakman,W., S. van der Lee, and R. van der Hilst, Travel-time tomography
of the European– Mediterranean mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 79,
3 –74, 1993.
Suhadolc, P., and G. F. Panza, Physical properties of the lithosphere– astenosphere
system in Europe from geophysical data, in The Lithosphere in
Italy, Adv. Sci. Res., edited by A. Boriani, M. Bonafede, G. B. Piccardo,
and G. B. Vai, pp. 15 – 40, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome,
1989.
Tackley, P. J., D. J. Stevenson, G. A. Glatzmaier, and G. Schubert, Effects
of a multiple phase transition in a 3-dimensional spherical model of
convection in Earth’s mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,877 – 15,901,
1994.
van der Hilst, R., and H. Karason, Compositional heterogeneity in the
bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth’s mantle: Toward a hybrid convection
model, Science, 283, 1885–1888, 1999.
van der Hilst, R., and T. Seno, Effects of relative plate motion on the deep
structure and penetration depth of slabs below the Izu-Bonin and Mariana
island arcs, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 395–407, 1993.
van der Lee, S., and G. Nolet, Seismic image of the subducted trailing
fragments of the Farallon plate, Nature, 386, 266–269, 1997.
van der Voo, R., Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic Tethys and Iapetus
Oceans, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1993.
Van der Voo, R., W. Spakman, and H. Bijward, Tethyan subducted slabs
under India, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171, 7 –20, 1999a.
Van der Voo, R., W. Spakman, and H. Bijward, Mesozoic subducted slabs
under Siberia, Nature, 397, 246– 249, 1999b.
Wijbrans, J. R., and I. McDougall, 40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from
an alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece); the resetting
of the argon isotopic system, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 93, 187–
194, 1986.
Wijbrans, J. R., and I. McDougall, Metamorphic evolution of the Attic
Cycladic Metamorphic Belt on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) utilizing
40Ar/39Ar age spectrum measurements, J. Metamorph. Geol., 6, 571–
594, 1988.
Wortel, M. J. R., and W. Spakman, Structure and dynamics of subducted
lithosphere in the Mediterranean region, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., 95,
325– 347, 1992.
Wortel, M. J. R., and W. Spakman, Subduction and slab detachment in the
Mediterranean– Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910–1917, 2000.
Wortel, M. J. R., S. D. B. Goes, and W. Spakman, Structure and seismicity
of the Aegean subduction zone, Terra, 554–562, 1990.
Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis, Mantle convection with plates and mobile,
faulted margins, Science, 266, 838–843, 1995.
Type
article
File(s)
No Thumbnail Available
Name
Faccenna_etal_JGR_2003.pdf
Description
Main article
Size
1.05 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
e79165ef83a60d1a49280ffc371c77b1