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Intrinsic Qp at Mt. Etna from the inversion of rise times of 2002 microearthquake sequence
Author(s)
Issued date
December 2006
Issue/vol(year)
6/49 (2006)
Language
English
Abstract
About three-hundred microearthquakes, preceeding and accompanying the 2002-2003 Mt. Etna flank eruption,
were considered in this study. On the high-quality velocity seismograms, measurements of the first half cycle of
the wave, the so-called rise time τ, were carried out. By using the rise time method, these data were inverted to
infer an estimate of the intrinsic quality factor Qp of P waves and of the source rise time τ0 of the events, which
represents an estimate of the duration of the rupture process. Two kind of inversions were carried out. In the first
inversion τ0 was derived from the magnitude duration of the events, assuming a constant stress drop and Qp was
inferred from the inversion of reduced rise times τ−τ0. In the second inversion both τ0 and Qp were inferred from
the inversion of rise times. To determine the model parameters that realize the compromise between model simplicity
and quality of the fit, the corrected Akaike information criterion was used. After this analysis we obtained
Qp=57±42. The correlation among the inferred τ0 and Qp, which is caused by some events which concomitantly
have high τ0 (>30 ms) and high Qp (>100) indicates that the technique used is able to model rise time versus
travel time trend only for source dimensions less than about 80 m.
were considered in this study. On the high-quality velocity seismograms, measurements of the first half cycle of
the wave, the so-called rise time τ, were carried out. By using the rise time method, these data were inverted to
infer an estimate of the intrinsic quality factor Qp of P waves and of the source rise time τ0 of the events, which
represents an estimate of the duration of the rupture process. Two kind of inversions were carried out. In the first
inversion τ0 was derived from the magnitude duration of the events, assuming a constant stress drop and Qp was
inferred from the inversion of reduced rise times τ−τ0. In the second inversion both τ0 and Qp were inferred from
the inversion of rise times. To determine the model parameters that realize the compromise between model simplicity
and quality of the fit, the corrected Akaike information criterion was used. After this analysis we obtained
Qp=57±42. The correlation among the inferred τ0 and Qp, which is caused by some events which concomitantly
have high τ0 (>30 ms) and high Qp (>100) indicates that the technique used is able to model rise time versus
travel time trend only for source dimensions less than about 80 m.
References
AKAIKE, H. (1974): A new look at the statistical model identification,
IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 19, 716-
723.
AZZARO, R. and M. NERI (1992): L’attività eruttiva dell’Etna
nel corso del ventennio 1971-1991. Primi passi verso
la costituzione di un data-base relazionale, CNR IIV
Open File Report 3/92.
BOURBIE, T., O. COUSSY and B. ZINSZNER (1987): Acoustic
of Porous Media (Butterworth-Heinemann Publisher),
pp. 324.
BRUNE, J.N. (1970): Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic
shear waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.,
75, 4997-5009.
CAVANAUGH, J.E. (1997): Unifying the derivation for the
Akaike and corrected Akaike Information Criteria,
Stat. Probabil. Lett., 33, 201-208.
CAVANAUGH, J. E. and R.H. SHUMWAY (1998): An Akaike information
criterion for model selection in the presence
of incomplete data, J. Stat. Plann. Infer., 67, 45-65.
COCINA, O., G. BARBERI, D. PATANÈ, C. CHIARABBA and P.
DE GORI (2005): Tomographic images of volatile rich
magma intrusions leading to the 2001 and 2002-2003
Mt Etna eruptions, in Proceeding of the AGU Fall
Meeting, 5-9 December 2005, San Francisco, CA,
U.S.A.
DE GORI, P., C. CHIARABBA and D. PATANÈ (2005): Qp structure
of Mt. Etna: constraints for the physics of the
plumbing system, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B05303, doi:
10.1029/2003JB002875.
DEICHMANN, N. (1997): Far field pulse shapes from circular
sources with variable rupture velocity, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 87, 1288-1296.
DE LORENZO, S. (1998): A model to study the bias on Q estimates
obtained by applying the rise time method to
earthquake data, in Q of the Earth, Global, Regional and
Laboratory Studies, edited by B.J. MITCHELL and B. ROMANOWICZ,
Pure and Appl. Geophys., 153, 419-438.
DE LORENZO, S. and A. ZOLLO (2003): Size and geometry of
microearthquake seismic ruptures from P and S pulse
width data, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 422-442.
DE LORENZO, S., A. ZOLLO and F. MONGELLI (2001): Source
parameters and three-dimensional attenuation structure
from the inversion of microearthquake pulse width data:
Qp imaging and inferences on the thermal state of
the Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy), J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 16,265-16,286.
DE LORENZO, S., G. DI GRAZIA, E. GIAMPICCOLO, S. GRESTA,
H. LANGER, G. TUSA and A. URSINO (2004): Source
and Qp parameters from pulse width inversion of microearthquake
data in southeastern Sicily, Italy, J. Geophys.
Res., 109, B07308, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002577.
DEL PEZZO, E., F. BIANCO and G. SACCOROTTI (2001): Separation
of intrinsic and scattering Q for volcanic
tremor: an application to Etna and Masaya Volcanoes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2525-2528.
GLADWIN, M.T. and F.D. STACEY (1974): Anelastic degradation
of acoustic pulses in rock, Phys. Earth Planet. Int.,
8, 332-336.
GREEN, J.R. and D. MARGERISON (1978): Statistical Treatment
of Experimental Data (Elsevier Scientific Publishing
Company), pp. 392.
GRESTA, S., L. PERUZZA, D. SLEJKO and G. DI STEFANO
(1998): Inferences on the main volcano-tectonic structures
at Mt. Etna (Sicily) from a probabilistic seismological
approach, J. Seismology, 2, 105-116.
KAMPFMANN, W. and H. BERCKEMER (1985): High temperature
experiments on the elastic and anelastic behaviour
of magmatic rocks, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 40,
223-247.
KEILIS-BOROK, V.I. (1959): On estimation of the displacement
in an earthquake source dimensions, Ann. Geofis.,
XII, 205-214.
KJARTANSSON, E. (1979): Constant Q-wave propagation and
attenuation, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4737-4748.
LIU, H.-P., R.E. WARRICK, J.B. WESTERLUND and E. KAYEN
(1994): In situ measurement of seismic shear-wave absorption
in the San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud by
the pulse-broadening method, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
84, 62-75.
MADARIAGA, R. (1976): Dynamics of an expanding circular
fault, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 66, 639-666.
MARTÌNEZ-AREVALO, C., D. PATANÈ, A. RIETBROK and J.M.
IBANEZ (2005): The intrusive process leading to the Mt.
Etna 2001 flank eruption: constraints from 3D attenuation
tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21309, doi:
10.1029/2005GL023736.
MITCHELL, B.J. (1995): Anelastic structure and evolution of
the cuntinental crust and upper mantle from seismic
surface wave attenuation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 441-462.
MULARGIA, F. and R.J. GELLER (2003): Earthquake Science
and Seismic Risk Reduction (Kluwer Academic Publisher),
Nato Sci. Ser. IV, 32, pp. 338.
PATANÈ, D. and E. GIAMPICCOLO (2004): Faulting processes
and earthquake source parameters at Mt. Etna: state of
the art and perspectives, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory,
edited by A. BONACCORSO, S. CALVARI, M.
COLTELLI, C. DEL NEGRO and S. FALSAPERLA, Am. Geophys.
Un., Geophys. Monogr., 143, 167-189.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI and S. GRESTA (1993): Leggi di
scala e parametri di sorgente per terremoti all’Etna, in
Proceedings of the 12th GNGTS meeting, 24-26 November
1993, Roma, Italy, 925-928.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI and S. GRESTA (1994): Spectral
features of microearthquakes in volcanic areas: attenuation
in the crust and amplitude response of the site at
Mt. Etna, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 1842-1860.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI, E. GIAMPICCOLO and L. SCARAMUZZINO
(1997): Source scaling of microearthquakes at
Mt. Etna volcano and in the Calabrian Arc (Southern
Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1879-1882.
PRESS, W.H., B.P. FLANNERY, S.A. TEUKOLSKY and W.T.
VETTERLING (1989): Numerical Recipes in Pascal: The
Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University
Press, New York), pp. 781.
RASÀ, R., F. FERRUCCI, S. GRESTA and D. PATANÈ (1995):
Etna: Sistema di alimentazione profondo, assetto, geostatica
locale e bimodalità di funzionamento del vulcano,
in Progetto Etna 1993-1995, edited by F. FERRUCCI
and F. INNOCENTI (Giardini, Pisa, Italy), 145-150.
SANDERS, C.O., S.C. PONKO, L.D. NIXON and E.A.
SCHWARTZ (1995): Seismological evidence for magmatic
and hydrothermal structure in Long Valley
caldera from local earthquake attenuation and velocity
tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8311-8326.
SATO, H. and I.S. SACKS (1989): Anelasticity and thermal
structure of the oceanic upper mantle: temperature calibration
with heat flow data, J. Geophys. Res., 94,
5705-5715.
TONN, R. (1989): Comparison of seven methods for the computation of Q, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 55, 259-
268.
VASCO, D.W. and L.R. JOHNSON (1998): Whole Earth structure
estimated from seismic arrival times, J. Geophys.
Res., 103, 2633-2672.
WU, H. and M. LEES (1996): Attenuation structure of Coso
geothermal area, California, from wave pulse widths,
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 86, 1574-1590.
ZOLLO, A. and S. DE LORENZO (2001): Source parameters and
three-dimensional attenuation structure from the inversion
of microearthquake pulse width data: method and
synthetic tests, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,287-16,306.
IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 19, 716-
723.
AZZARO, R. and M. NERI (1992): L’attività eruttiva dell’Etna
nel corso del ventennio 1971-1991. Primi passi verso
la costituzione di un data-base relazionale, CNR IIV
Open File Report 3/92.
BOURBIE, T., O. COUSSY and B. ZINSZNER (1987): Acoustic
of Porous Media (Butterworth-Heinemann Publisher),
pp. 324.
BRUNE, J.N. (1970): Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic
shear waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.,
75, 4997-5009.
CAVANAUGH, J.E. (1997): Unifying the derivation for the
Akaike and corrected Akaike Information Criteria,
Stat. Probabil. Lett., 33, 201-208.
CAVANAUGH, J. E. and R.H. SHUMWAY (1998): An Akaike information
criterion for model selection in the presence
of incomplete data, J. Stat. Plann. Infer., 67, 45-65.
COCINA, O., G. BARBERI, D. PATANÈ, C. CHIARABBA and P.
DE GORI (2005): Tomographic images of volatile rich
magma intrusions leading to the 2001 and 2002-2003
Mt Etna eruptions, in Proceeding of the AGU Fall
Meeting, 5-9 December 2005, San Francisco, CA,
U.S.A.
DE GORI, P., C. CHIARABBA and D. PATANÈ (2005): Qp structure
of Mt. Etna: constraints for the physics of the
plumbing system, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B05303, doi:
10.1029/2003JB002875.
DEICHMANN, N. (1997): Far field pulse shapes from circular
sources with variable rupture velocity, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 87, 1288-1296.
DE LORENZO, S. (1998): A model to study the bias on Q estimates
obtained by applying the rise time method to
earthquake data, in Q of the Earth, Global, Regional and
Laboratory Studies, edited by B.J. MITCHELL and B. ROMANOWICZ,
Pure and Appl. Geophys., 153, 419-438.
DE LORENZO, S. and A. ZOLLO (2003): Size and geometry of
microearthquake seismic ruptures from P and S pulse
width data, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 422-442.
DE LORENZO, S., A. ZOLLO and F. MONGELLI (2001): Source
parameters and three-dimensional attenuation structure
from the inversion of microearthquake pulse width data:
Qp imaging and inferences on the thermal state of
the Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy), J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 16,265-16,286.
DE LORENZO, S., G. DI GRAZIA, E. GIAMPICCOLO, S. GRESTA,
H. LANGER, G. TUSA and A. URSINO (2004): Source
and Qp parameters from pulse width inversion of microearthquake
data in southeastern Sicily, Italy, J. Geophys.
Res., 109, B07308, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002577.
DEL PEZZO, E., F. BIANCO and G. SACCOROTTI (2001): Separation
of intrinsic and scattering Q for volcanic
tremor: an application to Etna and Masaya Volcanoes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2525-2528.
GLADWIN, M.T. and F.D. STACEY (1974): Anelastic degradation
of acoustic pulses in rock, Phys. Earth Planet. Int.,
8, 332-336.
GREEN, J.R. and D. MARGERISON (1978): Statistical Treatment
of Experimental Data (Elsevier Scientific Publishing
Company), pp. 392.
GRESTA, S., L. PERUZZA, D. SLEJKO and G. DI STEFANO
(1998): Inferences on the main volcano-tectonic structures
at Mt. Etna (Sicily) from a probabilistic seismological
approach, J. Seismology, 2, 105-116.
KAMPFMANN, W. and H. BERCKEMER (1985): High temperature
experiments on the elastic and anelastic behaviour
of magmatic rocks, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 40,
223-247.
KEILIS-BOROK, V.I. (1959): On estimation of the displacement
in an earthquake source dimensions, Ann. Geofis.,
XII, 205-214.
KJARTANSSON, E. (1979): Constant Q-wave propagation and
attenuation, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4737-4748.
LIU, H.-P., R.E. WARRICK, J.B. WESTERLUND and E. KAYEN
(1994): In situ measurement of seismic shear-wave absorption
in the San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud by
the pulse-broadening method, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
84, 62-75.
MADARIAGA, R. (1976): Dynamics of an expanding circular
fault, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 66, 639-666.
MARTÌNEZ-AREVALO, C., D. PATANÈ, A. RIETBROK and J.M.
IBANEZ (2005): The intrusive process leading to the Mt.
Etna 2001 flank eruption: constraints from 3D attenuation
tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21309, doi:
10.1029/2005GL023736.
MITCHELL, B.J. (1995): Anelastic structure and evolution of
the cuntinental crust and upper mantle from seismic
surface wave attenuation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 441-462.
MULARGIA, F. and R.J. GELLER (2003): Earthquake Science
and Seismic Risk Reduction (Kluwer Academic Publisher),
Nato Sci. Ser. IV, 32, pp. 338.
PATANÈ, D. and E. GIAMPICCOLO (2004): Faulting processes
and earthquake source parameters at Mt. Etna: state of
the art and perspectives, in Mt. Etna: Volcano Laboratory,
edited by A. BONACCORSO, S. CALVARI, M.
COLTELLI, C. DEL NEGRO and S. FALSAPERLA, Am. Geophys.
Un., Geophys. Monogr., 143, 167-189.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI and S. GRESTA (1993): Leggi di
scala e parametri di sorgente per terremoti all’Etna, in
Proceedings of the 12th GNGTS meeting, 24-26 November
1993, Roma, Italy, 925-928.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI and S. GRESTA (1994): Spectral
features of microearthquakes in volcanic areas: attenuation
in the crust and amplitude response of the site at
Mt. Etna, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 1842-1860.
PATANÈ, D., F. FERRUCCI, E. GIAMPICCOLO and L. SCARAMUZZINO
(1997): Source scaling of microearthquakes at
Mt. Etna volcano and in the Calabrian Arc (Southern
Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1879-1882.
PRESS, W.H., B.P. FLANNERY, S.A. TEUKOLSKY and W.T.
VETTERLING (1989): Numerical Recipes in Pascal: The
Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University
Press, New York), pp. 781.
RASÀ, R., F. FERRUCCI, S. GRESTA and D. PATANÈ (1995):
Etna: Sistema di alimentazione profondo, assetto, geostatica
locale e bimodalità di funzionamento del vulcano,
in Progetto Etna 1993-1995, edited by F. FERRUCCI
and F. INNOCENTI (Giardini, Pisa, Italy), 145-150.
SANDERS, C.O., S.C. PONKO, L.D. NIXON and E.A.
SCHWARTZ (1995): Seismological evidence for magmatic
and hydrothermal structure in Long Valley
caldera from local earthquake attenuation and velocity
tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8311-8326.
SATO, H. and I.S. SACKS (1989): Anelasticity and thermal
structure of the oceanic upper mantle: temperature calibration
with heat flow data, J. Geophys. Res., 94,
5705-5715.
TONN, R. (1989): Comparison of seven methods for the computation of Q, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 55, 259-
268.
VASCO, D.W. and L.R. JOHNSON (1998): Whole Earth structure
estimated from seismic arrival times, J. Geophys.
Res., 103, 2633-2672.
WU, H. and M. LEES (1996): Attenuation structure of Coso
geothermal area, California, from wave pulse widths,
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 86, 1574-1590.
ZOLLO, A. and S. DE LORENZO (2001): Source parameters and
three-dimensional attenuation structure from the inversion
of microearthquake pulse width data: method and
synthetic tests, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,287-16,306.
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