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Long Term Trends of the critical frequency of the F2 layer at Northern and Southern high latitude regions
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
6-8/27 (2002)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
607-612
Issued date
2002
Keywords
Abstract
Abstract
The long-term behaviour of the plasma frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, is investigated to contribute to the discussion about the natural or anthropogenic origin of the ionospheric long-term changes. In this paper, long time series of hourly foF2 data from two high latitude ionospheric observatories of both the hemispheres are analysed. A decreasing trend of foF2 is found confirming a previous result obtained by using the foF2 monthly medians from Antarctic stations. This negative trend does not show a clear dependence on the long-term behaviour of the geomagnetic activity impact on the ionosphere.
The long-term behaviour of the plasma frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, is investigated to contribute to the discussion about the natural or anthropogenic origin of the ionospheric long-term changes. In this paper, long time series of hourly foF2 data from two high latitude ionospheric observatories of both the hemispheres are analysed. A decreasing trend of foF2 is found confirming a previous result obtained by using the foF2 monthly medians from Antarctic stations. This negative trend does not show a clear dependence on the long-term behaviour of the geomagnetic activity impact on the ionosphere.
References
Alfonsi, L., De Franceschi, G., Perrone, L., 2001. Long term trend in
259 the high latitude Ionosphere. Phys. Chem. Earth 26/5, 303–307.
260 Balthazor, R.L., Moffett, R.J., 1999. Morphology of large-scale
261 travelling atmospheric disturbances in the polar thermosphere. J.
262 Geophys. Res. 104, A1.
Bremer, J., 1992. Ionospheric trends in mid-latitudes as a possible 263
indicator of the atmospheric greenhouse effect. J. Atmos. Terr. 264
Phys. 54, 1505–1511. 265
Clilverd, M.A., Clark, T.D.G., Clarke, E., Rishbeth, H., 1998. 266
Increased magnetic storm activity from 1868 to 1995. J. Atmos. 267
Solar-Terr. Phys. 60, 1047–1056. 268
Danilov, A.D., 2001. F2 region response to geomagnetic disturbance. 269
J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 63, 441–449. 270
De Franceschi, G., Wilkinson, P., 2001. Report on the studies about 271
the long-term ionospheric behaviour in Antarctica. On INAG 272
(Ionosonde Network Advisory Group) Report (in press). 273
De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., Perrone, L., Zolesi, B., 1999. 274
MAC: an oriented magnetic activity catalogue for ionospheric 275
applications. U.R.S.I. Int. Ref. Ionosphere News Lett. 6/4, 5–6. 276
De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., Perrone, L., Zolesi, B., 2001. A 277
statistical analysis of ionospheric irregularities at mid and high 278
latitudes. A special issue article on Inverse Problems (in press). 279
D. Bilitza (Ed.), 1990. IRI, International Reference Ionosphere. 280
NSSDC 90-22, Greenbelt, MA, USA. 281
ITU-R, HF propagation prediction method, 1995. Recommendation 282
ITU-R. International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, p. 313. 283
Jarvis, M., 1996. Quasi-biennial oscillation effects in the semidiurnal 284
tide of the Antarctic lower thermosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 285
2661–2664. 286
Jarvis, M.J., Jenkins, B., Rodgers, G.A., 1998. Southern hemisphere 287
observations of long term decrease in F region altitude and 288
thermospheric wind providing possible evidence for global ther- 289
mospheric cooling. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 29774–29787. 290
Liu, R.Y., Smith, P.A., King, J.W., 1983. A new solar index which 291
leads to improved foF2 predictions using the CCIR. Atlas 292
Telecommun. J. 50, 408–414. 293
Makarova, L.N., Shirochkov, A.V., 1998. The magnetopause position 294
as an indicator of the ionisation level in the dayside high latitude 295
ionosphere. Radio Sci. 33, 1877–1884. 296
Mayaud, P.N., 1980. Derivation, meaning and use of geomagnetic 297
indices. In: Geophysical Monograph. AGU, Washington, DC. 298
Mc Namara, L.F., 1991. The Ionosphere: Communications, Surveil- 299
lance, and Direction Finding. Krieger Publishing Company, 300
Malabar, FL. 301
Mikhailov, A.V., Marin, D., 2000. Geomagnetic control of the foF2 302
long term trends. Ann. Geophys. 18, 653–665. 303
Papitashvili, V., 2001. Solar cycle effects in near-Earth interplanetary 304
parameters and geomagnetic activity. Proceedings of the Eurocon- 305
ference SOLSPA (Italy), on ESA-SP 477 (in press). 306
Perrone, L., De Franceschi, G., 1999. A correlation study between 307
time-weighted magnetic indices and the high latitude ionosphere. 308
Phys. Chem. Earth 24/4, 389–392. 309
Perrone, L., De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., 2001. The time- 310
weighted magnetic indices ap(s), PC(s) and AE(s) and their 311
correlation to the southern high latitude Ionosphere. Phys. Chem. 312
Earth 26/5, 331–334. 313
Piggott, W.R., Rawer, K., 1972. U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram 314
Interpretation and Reduction, World Data Center A for Solar- 315
Terrestrial Physics. NOAA, Boulder, CO. 316
Rishbeth, H., 1990. A greenhouse effect in the ionosphere. Planet. 317
Space Sci. 38, 945–948. 318
Rishbeth, H., Roble, R.G., 1992. Cooling of the upper atmosphere by 319
enhanced greenhouse gases- Modelling of the thermospheric and 320
ionospheric effects. Planet. Space Sci. 40, 1011–1026. 321
Staehelin, J., Harris, N.R.P., Appenzeller, C., Eberhard, J., 2001. 322
Ozone trends: a review. Rev. Geophy. 39/2, 231–290. 323
Ulich, Th., Turunen, E., 1997. Evidence for long term cooling of the 324
upper atmosphere. Geophys. Res Lett. 24, 1103–1106. 325
Wrenn, G.L., 1987. Time-weighted accumulations ap(s) and Kp(s). J. 326
Geophys. Res. 92, 125–129. 327
Wu, J., Wilkinson, P.J., 1995. Time-weighted indices as predictors of 328
ionospheric behaviour. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 57, 1736–1770. 329
259 the high latitude Ionosphere. Phys. Chem. Earth 26/5, 303–307.
260 Balthazor, R.L., Moffett, R.J., 1999. Morphology of large-scale
261 travelling atmospheric disturbances in the polar thermosphere. J.
262 Geophys. Res. 104, A1.
Bremer, J., 1992. Ionospheric trends in mid-latitudes as a possible 263
indicator of the atmospheric greenhouse effect. J. Atmos. Terr. 264
Phys. 54, 1505–1511. 265
Clilverd, M.A., Clark, T.D.G., Clarke, E., Rishbeth, H., 1998. 266
Increased magnetic storm activity from 1868 to 1995. J. Atmos. 267
Solar-Terr. Phys. 60, 1047–1056. 268
Danilov, A.D., 2001. F2 region response to geomagnetic disturbance. 269
J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 63, 441–449. 270
De Franceschi, G., Wilkinson, P., 2001. Report on the studies about 271
the long-term ionospheric behaviour in Antarctica. On INAG 272
(Ionosonde Network Advisory Group) Report (in press). 273
De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., Perrone, L., Zolesi, B., 1999. 274
MAC: an oriented magnetic activity catalogue for ionospheric 275
applications. U.R.S.I. Int. Ref. Ionosphere News Lett. 6/4, 5–6. 276
De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., Perrone, L., Zolesi, B., 2001. A 277
statistical analysis of ionospheric irregularities at mid and high 278
latitudes. A special issue article on Inverse Problems (in press). 279
D. Bilitza (Ed.), 1990. IRI, International Reference Ionosphere. 280
NSSDC 90-22, Greenbelt, MA, USA. 281
ITU-R, HF propagation prediction method, 1995. Recommendation 282
ITU-R. International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, p. 313. 283
Jarvis, M., 1996. Quasi-biennial oscillation effects in the semidiurnal 284
tide of the Antarctic lower thermosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 285
2661–2664. 286
Jarvis, M.J., Jenkins, B., Rodgers, G.A., 1998. Southern hemisphere 287
observations of long term decrease in F region altitude and 288
thermospheric wind providing possible evidence for global ther- 289
mospheric cooling. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 29774–29787. 290
Liu, R.Y., Smith, P.A., King, J.W., 1983. A new solar index which 291
leads to improved foF2 predictions using the CCIR. Atlas 292
Telecommun. J. 50, 408–414. 293
Makarova, L.N., Shirochkov, A.V., 1998. The magnetopause position 294
as an indicator of the ionisation level in the dayside high latitude 295
ionosphere. Radio Sci. 33, 1877–1884. 296
Mayaud, P.N., 1980. Derivation, meaning and use of geomagnetic 297
indices. In: Geophysical Monograph. AGU, Washington, DC. 298
Mc Namara, L.F., 1991. The Ionosphere: Communications, Surveil- 299
lance, and Direction Finding. Krieger Publishing Company, 300
Malabar, FL. 301
Mikhailov, A.V., Marin, D., 2000. Geomagnetic control of the foF2 302
long term trends. Ann. Geophys. 18, 653–665. 303
Papitashvili, V., 2001. Solar cycle effects in near-Earth interplanetary 304
parameters and geomagnetic activity. Proceedings of the Eurocon- 305
ference SOLSPA (Italy), on ESA-SP 477 (in press). 306
Perrone, L., De Franceschi, G., 1999. A correlation study between 307
time-weighted magnetic indices and the high latitude ionosphere. 308
Phys. Chem. Earth 24/4, 389–392. 309
Perrone, L., De Franceschi, G., Gulyaeva, T.L., 2001. The time- 310
weighted magnetic indices ap(s), PC(s) and AE(s) and their 311
correlation to the southern high latitude Ionosphere. Phys. Chem. 312
Earth 26/5, 331–334. 313
Piggott, W.R., Rawer, K., 1972. U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram 314
Interpretation and Reduction, World Data Center A for Solar- 315
Terrestrial Physics. NOAA, Boulder, CO. 316
Rishbeth, H., 1990. A greenhouse effect in the ionosphere. Planet. 317
Space Sci. 38, 945–948. 318
Rishbeth, H., Roble, R.G., 1992. Cooling of the upper atmosphere by 319
enhanced greenhouse gases- Modelling of the thermospheric and 320
ionospheric effects. Planet. Space Sci. 40, 1011–1026. 321
Staehelin, J., Harris, N.R.P., Appenzeller, C., Eberhard, J., 2001. 322
Ozone trends: a review. Rev. Geophy. 39/2, 231–290. 323
Ulich, Th., Turunen, E., 1997. Evidence for long term cooling of the 324
upper atmosphere. Geophys. Res Lett. 24, 1103–1106. 325
Wrenn, G.L., 1987. Time-weighted accumulations ap(s) and Kp(s). J. 326
Geophys. Res. 92, 125–129. 327
Wu, J., Wilkinson, P.J., 1995. Time-weighted indices as predictors of 328
ionospheric behaviour. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 57, 1736–1770. 329
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