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The 2002–2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): Evaluation of the volcanic activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
12/5(2004)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
Q12001
Issued date
December 8, 2004
Alternative Location
Abstract
From December 2002 to July 2003, Stromboli volcano was characterized by a new effusive stage of eruption after a period of extraordinary strombolian activity. Signals recorded in two continuous monitoring stations during the eruption, which have already been presented in very recent papers, evidenced anomalies in the CO2 flux just before the onset of the eruption. A more detailed analysis carried out on the data subset acquired during the eruption, integrated by daily field observations of the scientific
personnel working at the volcanological observatory in Stromboli, showed that CO2 flux and soil temperature are strictly related to volcanic events. Furthermore, the relative minima and maxima of the two parameters showed a strong correlation with wind speed and direction. This fact was especially true at the summit station, whereas at the coastal sites seasonal and meteorological effects masked the volcanic signal.
The analysis of the wind data, particularly the relationships between wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature, and local circulation of atmospheric air masses revealed that during the eruption, in the summit area of Stromboli air movements were not only related to atmospheric circulation but were also significantly affected, and in certain cases caused, by volcanic activity. This conclusion was reached by
observing several anomalies, such as the discrepancies in the wind direction between the two stations, higher air temperatures at the summit site, and inversion of direction for wind before and after the reopening of the conduit in a major explosion on 5 April 2003. The relationships found between volcanic activity, soil temperatures, CO2 fluxes, and wind speed and direction indicate that soil temperature
measurements, in an open conduit volcano such as in this case, could be used to monitor the level of volcanic activity, along with CO2 flux. Furthermore, the possible volcanic origin of a peculiar type of air circulation identified in the summit area of Stromboli suggests that the separation between volcanic and atmospheric signals might not be obvious, requiring monitoring over a wide area, rather than a single location.
personnel working at the volcanological observatory in Stromboli, showed that CO2 flux and soil temperature are strictly related to volcanic events. Furthermore, the relative minima and maxima of the two parameters showed a strong correlation with wind speed and direction. This fact was especially true at the summit station, whereas at the coastal sites seasonal and meteorological effects masked the volcanic signal.
The analysis of the wind data, particularly the relationships between wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature, and local circulation of atmospheric air masses revealed that during the eruption, in the summit area of Stromboli air movements were not only related to atmospheric circulation but were also significantly affected, and in certain cases caused, by volcanic activity. This conclusion was reached by
observing several anomalies, such as the discrepancies in the wind direction between the two stations, higher air temperatures at the summit site, and inversion of direction for wind before and after the reopening of the conduit in a major explosion on 5 April 2003. The relationships found between volcanic activity, soil temperatures, CO2 fluxes, and wind speed and direction indicate that soil temperature
measurements, in an open conduit volcano such as in this case, could be used to monitor the level of volcanic activity, along with CO2 flux. Furthermore, the possible volcanic origin of a peculiar type of air circulation identified in the summit area of Stromboli suggests that the separation between volcanic and atmospheric signals might not be obvious, requiring monitoring over a wide area, rather than a single location.
References
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Barberi, F., M. Rosi, and A. Sodi (1993), Volcanic hazard assessment at Stromboli based on review of historical data, Acta Volcanol., 3, 173–187.
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Carapezza, M. L., and C. Federico (2000), The contribution of fluid geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 95, 227–245.
Carapezza, M. L., M. Guidi, and S. Inguaggiato (2002), Soil CO2 degassing on Stromboli island: Influence of environmental parameters and insights on volcanic activity, paper
presented at XXVII General Assembly, Eur. Geophys. Soc.,Nice, France.
Carapezza, M. L., S. Inguaggiato, L. Brusca, and M. Longo (2004), Geochemical precursors of the activity of an openconduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002–2003 eruptive events,Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07620, doi:10.1029/2004GL019614.
Chiodini, G., R. Cioni, M. Guidi, B. Raco, and L. Marini (1998), Soil CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and thermal areas, Appl. Geochem., 13(5), 543–552.
Chiodini, G., F. Frondini, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri, L. Marini,and G. Ventura (2001), CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy, J. Geophys. Res.,
106(B8), 16,213–16,221.
Ereditato, D., and G. Luongo (1997), Explosion quakes at Stromboli (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 79, 265–276.
Fukuda, H. (1955), Air and vapor movement in soil due to wind gustiness, Soil Sci., 79, 249–256.
Garcia, R., G. Natale, M. Monnin, and J. L. Seidel (2000),Shock wave radon surface signals associated with the upsurge of T-P politons in volcanic systemsJ. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 96, 15–24.
Granieri, D., G. Chiodini, W. Marzocchi, and R. Avino (2003),Continuous monitoring of CO2 soil diffuse degassing at Phlegraean Fields (Italy): Influence of environmental and volcanic parameters, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 212, 167–179.
Madonia, P. (1996), Modelli spazio temporali e controllo di qualità dei dati nella realizzazione di carte bioclimatiche: Alcuni esempi applicativi in aree mediterranee, Soc. Ital. Ecol. Atti, 17, 265–269.
Oskarsson, N., K. Palsson, S. Olafsson, and T. Ferreira (1999),Experimental monitoring of carbon dioxide by low power IR-sensors: Soil degassing in the Furnas Volcanic Centre, Azores, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 92, 181–193.
Patrick, M. R., J. Dehn, K. R. Papp, Z. Lu, K. Dean, L. Moxey,P. Izbekov, and R. Guritz (2003), The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: A synthesis of remotely sensed imagery,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 127(1–2), 87–105.
Ripepe, M., E. Marchetti, A. Flaschi, and G. Ulivieri (2003),Seismo-acoustic monitoring of the Dec. 2002 eruption of Stromboli volcano, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V52C-03.
Rogie, J. D., D. M. Kerrick, G. Chiodini, and F. Frondini (2000), Flux measurements of nonvolcanic CO2 emission from some vents in central Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8435–8445.
Rogie, J. D., D. M. Kerrick, M. L. Sorey, G. Chiodini, and D. L. Galloway (2001), Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188, 535–541.
Tibaldi, A. (2001), Multiple sector collapses at Stromboli volcano,Italy: How they work, Bull. Volcanol., 63, 112–125.
Werner, C., G. Chiodini, D. Voigt, S. Caliro, R. Avino,M. Russo, T. Brombach, J. Wyngaard, and S. Brantley (2003), Monitoring volcanic hazard using eddy covariance at Solfatara volcano, Naples, Italy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,210, 561–577.
Aubert, M., and S. Alparone (2000), Variation d’origine sismique du flux de chaleur convectif dans La Fossa de Vulcano (Italie), C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. IIa Terre Planetes, 330(9),603–610.
Barberi, F., M. Rosi, and A. Sodi (1993), Volcanic hazard assessment at Stromboli based on review of historical data, Acta Volcanol., 3, 173–187.
Bonaccorso, A., S. Calvari, G. Garfì, L. Lodato, and D. Patanè (2003), Dynamics of the December 2002 flank failure and tsunami at Stromboli volcano inferred by volcanological and
geophysical observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1941,doi:10.1029/2003GL017702.
Capasso, G., and M. L. Carapezza (1994), A geochemical survey of Stromboli, Acta Volcanol., 6, 52–53.
Capasso, G., M. L. Carapezza, C. Federico, S. Inguaggiato,and A. Rizzo (2003), Long term geochemical monitoring of Stromboli volcano (Italy): Clues on 2002–2003 eruption
from gas chemistry, helium and carbon isotopes, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V52C-01.
Carapezza, M. L., and C. Federico (2000), The contribution of fluid geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 95, 227–245.
Carapezza, M. L., M. Guidi, and S. Inguaggiato (2002), Soil CO2 degassing on Stromboli island: Influence of environmental parameters and insights on volcanic activity, paper
presented at XXVII General Assembly, Eur. Geophys. Soc.,Nice, France.
Carapezza, M. L., S. Inguaggiato, L. Brusca, and M. Longo (2004), Geochemical precursors of the activity of an openconduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002–2003 eruptive events,Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07620, doi:10.1029/2004GL019614.
Chiodini, G., R. Cioni, M. Guidi, B. Raco, and L. Marini (1998), Soil CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and thermal areas, Appl. Geochem., 13(5), 543–552.
Chiodini, G., F. Frondini, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri, L. Marini,and G. Ventura (2001), CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy, J. Geophys. Res.,
106(B8), 16,213–16,221.
Ereditato, D., and G. Luongo (1997), Explosion quakes at Stromboli (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 79, 265–276.
Fukuda, H. (1955), Air and vapor movement in soil due to wind gustiness, Soil Sci., 79, 249–256.
Garcia, R., G. Natale, M. Monnin, and J. L. Seidel (2000),Shock wave radon surface signals associated with the upsurge of T-P politons in volcanic systemsJ. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 96, 15–24.
Granieri, D., G. Chiodini, W. Marzocchi, and R. Avino (2003),Continuous monitoring of CO2 soil diffuse degassing at Phlegraean Fields (Italy): Influence of environmental and volcanic parameters, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 212, 167–179.
Madonia, P. (1996), Modelli spazio temporali e controllo di qualità dei dati nella realizzazione di carte bioclimatiche: Alcuni esempi applicativi in aree mediterranee, Soc. Ital. Ecol. Atti, 17, 265–269.
Oskarsson, N., K. Palsson, S. Olafsson, and T. Ferreira (1999),Experimental monitoring of carbon dioxide by low power IR-sensors: Soil degassing in the Furnas Volcanic Centre, Azores, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 92, 181–193.
Patrick, M. R., J. Dehn, K. R. Papp, Z. Lu, K. Dean, L. Moxey,P. Izbekov, and R. Guritz (2003), The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: A synthesis of remotely sensed imagery,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 127(1–2), 87–105.
Ripepe, M., E. Marchetti, A. Flaschi, and G. Ulivieri (2003),Seismo-acoustic monitoring of the Dec. 2002 eruption of Stromboli volcano, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V52C-03.
Rogie, J. D., D. M. Kerrick, G. Chiodini, and F. Frondini (2000), Flux measurements of nonvolcanic CO2 emission from some vents in central Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8435–8445.
Rogie, J. D., D. M. Kerrick, M. L. Sorey, G. Chiodini, and D. L. Galloway (2001), Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188, 535–541.
Tibaldi, A. (2001), Multiple sector collapses at Stromboli volcano,Italy: How they work, Bull. Volcanol., 63, 112–125.
Werner, C., G. Chiodini, D. Voigt, S. Caliro, R. Avino,M. Russo, T. Brombach, J. Wyngaard, and S. Brantley (2003), Monitoring volcanic hazard using eddy covariance at Solfatara volcano, Naples, Italy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,210, 561–577.
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