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Modeling of the thermal state of Mount Vesuvius from 1631 A.D. to present and the role of CO2 degassing on the volcanic conduit closure after the 1944 A.D. eruption
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/112 ( 2007)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union.
Pages (printed)
B03202
Issued date
March 1, 2007
Alternative Location
Abstract
The last eruptive event at Mount Vesuvius occurred in 1944 A.D., ending a cycle
of continuous eruptive activity started with the sub-Plinian event of 1631 A.D. The aim of
this research is (1) to model the thermal evolution of the volcanic system from
1631 A.D. up to the present and (2) to investigate the possible process leading the volcano
to the current state of quiescence. A finite element software is employed to solve the
time-dependent energy equation and obtain the thermal field in the volcanic edifice and
the surrounding medium. Volcanological, petrological, and geophysical constraints are
used to define the crustal structure beneath the volcanic edifice, the magma supply system
active since 1631 A.D., and the physico-chemical conditions of magma. Thermodynamic
properties of magma and wall rocks have been evaluated from well-established
thermo-chemical compilations and data from the literature. It is shown that heat transfer
due to magma degassing is required in addition to the heat conduction in order to obtain
transient depth-temperature fields consistent with geochemical observations, high
crustal magnetization, and rigid behavior of the shallow crust as indicated by geophysical
data. Surface data of carbon dioxide soil flux coming out from the Mount Vesuvius crater
are taken to constrain such an additional heat flux. The agreement between modeled
and measured temperatures at the crater since 1944 A.D. proves the consistency of the
model. It is concluded that the present state of quiescence of Mount Vesuvius is
mostly a consequence of the absence of magma supply from the deep reservoir into the
shallower system. This allows the cooling of residual magma left within the volcanic
conduit and the transition from continuous eruptive activity to the condition of conduit
obstruction. In this scenario, the hydrothermal system may have developed subsequent to
the cooling of the magma within the conduit. Our findings are a direct consequence of the
high concentration of CO2 in the most mafic Vesuvian magmas: The low solubility of
CO2, with respect to H2O, enables a high mass flux of carbon dioxide through the volcanic
edifice. The results of this study are relevant for hazard assessment at Vesuvius and
indicate directions for further investigation, such as the role of the hydrothermal system on
the thermal energy budget of the volcanic system and its relationships with fluids
released by crustal structures likely to host the magmatic reservoir. In general, the role of
the high concentration of carbon dioxide in magmas should be more questioned and
investigated when studying the behavior of volcanic systems, particularly in south Italy
volcanoes.
of continuous eruptive activity started with the sub-Plinian event of 1631 A.D. The aim of
this research is (1) to model the thermal evolution of the volcanic system from
1631 A.D. up to the present and (2) to investigate the possible process leading the volcano
to the current state of quiescence. A finite element software is employed to solve the
time-dependent energy equation and obtain the thermal field in the volcanic edifice and
the surrounding medium. Volcanological, petrological, and geophysical constraints are
used to define the crustal structure beneath the volcanic edifice, the magma supply system
active since 1631 A.D., and the physico-chemical conditions of magma. Thermodynamic
properties of magma and wall rocks have been evaluated from well-established
thermo-chemical compilations and data from the literature. It is shown that heat transfer
due to magma degassing is required in addition to the heat conduction in order to obtain
transient depth-temperature fields consistent with geochemical observations, high
crustal magnetization, and rigid behavior of the shallow crust as indicated by geophysical
data. Surface data of carbon dioxide soil flux coming out from the Mount Vesuvius crater
are taken to constrain such an additional heat flux. The agreement between modeled
and measured temperatures at the crater since 1944 A.D. proves the consistency of the
model. It is concluded that the present state of quiescence of Mount Vesuvius is
mostly a consequence of the absence of magma supply from the deep reservoir into the
shallower system. This allows the cooling of residual magma left within the volcanic
conduit and the transition from continuous eruptive activity to the condition of conduit
obstruction. In this scenario, the hydrothermal system may have developed subsequent to
the cooling of the magma within the conduit. Our findings are a direct consequence of the
high concentration of CO2 in the most mafic Vesuvian magmas: The low solubility of
CO2, with respect to H2O, enables a high mass flux of carbon dioxide through the volcanic
edifice. The results of this study are relevant for hazard assessment at Vesuvius and
indicate directions for further investigation, such as the role of the hydrothermal system on
the thermal energy budget of the volcanic system and its relationships with fluids
released by crustal structures likely to host the magmatic reservoir. In general, the role of
the high concentration of carbon dioxide in magmas should be more questioned and
investigated when studying the behavior of volcanic systems, particularly in south Italy
volcanoes.
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eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
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G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
B03202 QUARENI ET AL.: MOUNT VESUVIUS THERMAL STATE FROM 1631 A.D.D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
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seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
A.D.D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
B03202 QUARENI ET AL.: MOUNT VESUVIUS THERMAL STATE FROM 1631 A.D.D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
Ottonello, G. (1991), Principi di Geochimica, 708 pp., Zanichelli, Bologna,
Italy.
Papale, P. (1997), Modeling of the solubility of a one-component H2O or
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237–251.
Papale, P. (1999), Modeling of the solubility of a two-component H2O +
CO2 fluid in silicate liquids, Am. Mineral., 84, 477–492.
Papale, P. (2002), Thermodynamics of multicomponent fluid-liquid equilibrium
in silicate liquids, and applications to magma degassing and ascent
dynamics, in Proceedings of the Arezzo Seminar on Fluids Geochemistry,
edited by A. Buccianti et al., pp. 121– 137, Pacini, Pisa, Italy.
Pappalardo, L., M. Piochi, M. D’Antonio, L. Civetta, and R. Petrini (2002),
Evidence for multi-stage magmatic evolution during the past 60 ka at
Campi Flegrei (Italy) deduced from Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data, J. Petrol.,
43(7), 1415–1434.
Parascandola, A. (1959), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal marzo 1948 al
dicembre 1958, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 68, 1– 184.
Parascandola, A. (1960), Notizie Vesuviane: Il Vesuvio dal gennaio 1959 al
dicembre 1960, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 69, 263–298.
Peccerillo, A. (2001), Geochemical similarities between the Vesuvius,
Phlegraean fields and Stromboli volcanoes: Petrogenetic, geodynamic
and volcanological implications, Mineral. Petrol., 73, 93– 105.
Peccerillo, A., and P. Manetti (1985), The potassic alkaline volcanism of
central southern Italy: A review of the data relevant to petrogenesis and
geodinamic significance, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 88, 379–394.
Piochi, M., L. Pappalardo, and G. De Astis (2004), Geochemical and isotopical
variation within the Campanian Comagmatic Province: Implications
on magma source composition, Ann. Geophys., 47, 1485– 1499.
Piochi, M., R. A. Ayuso, B. De Vivo, and R. Somma (2006), Crustal
contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution
at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope
evidence, Lithos, 86, 303– 329.
Quareni, F., and F. Mulargia (1993), Modeling the closure of a volcanic
conduit with an application to Mount Vesuvius, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
4221– 4229.
Richet, P., and Y. Bottinga (1985), Heat capacity of aluminum-free silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 471–486.
Rolandi, G., A. M. Barrella, and A. Borrelli (1993), The 1631 eruption of
Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 183–201.
Rolandi, G., P. Petrosino, and J. McGeehin (1998), The interplinian activity
at Somma-Vesuvius in the last 3500 years, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
82, 19– 52.
Rosi, M., C. Principe, and R. Vecci (1993), The 1631 Vesuvius eruption.
A reconstruction based on historical and stratigraphical data, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 58, 151– 182.
Saccorotti, G., G. Ventura, and G. Vilardo (2002), Seismic swarms related
to diffusive processes: The case of Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy, Geophysics,
67(1), 199– 203.
D’Argenio, B., F. Ortolani, and T. Pescatore (1987), Geology of southern
Apennines: A brief outline, paper presented at International Symposium
Engineering of Geological Problems in Seismic Areas, Int. Assoc. of
Eng. Geol., Bari, Italy.
De Gori, P., G. B. Cimini, C. Chiarabba, G. De Natale, C. Troise, and
A. Deschamps (2001), Telesismic tomography of the Campanian
volcanic area and surrounding Apennic belt, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 109, 52–75.
Del Moro, A., P. Fulignati, P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2001), Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: Constraints from xenoliths
from the walls of a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Vesuvius 1944
eruption), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 15–24.
Del Pezzo, E., F. Bianco, and G. Saccorotti (2003), Duration magnitude
uncertainty due to seismic noise: Inferences on the temporal pattern of
G-R b-value at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(4), 1847–
1853.
De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo (1998), A seismicity at
Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3-D tomography of volcano,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., S. M. Petrazzuoli, C. Troise, F. Pingue, and P. Capuano
(2000), Internal stress at Mt. Vesuvius: A model for background
seismicity at central volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B7), 16,207 –
16,214.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, F. Pingue, P. De Gori, and C. Chiarabba (2001),
Structure and dynamics of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex,
Mineral. Petrol., 73(1– 3), 5 –22.
De Natale, G., I. Kuznetzov, T. Kronrod, A. Peresan, A. Sarao` , C. Troise,
and G. F. Panza (2004a), Three decades of seismic activity at Mt. Vesuvius:
1972–2000, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 123–144.
De Natale, G., C. Troise, R. Trigila, D. Dolfi, and C. Chiarabba (2004b),
Seismicity and 3 –D substructure at Somma-Vesuvius volcano: Evidence
for magma quenching, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 181–196.
Di Maio, R., P. Mauriello, D. Patella, Z. Petrillo, S. Piscitelli, and
A. Siniscalchi (1998), Electric and electromagnetic outline of the Mount
Somma-Vesuvius structural setting, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
219–238.
Di Stefano, R., and C. Chiarabba (2002), Active source tomography at
Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(B11), 2278, doi:10.1029/2001JB000792.
Doglioni, C. (1991), A proposal for kinematic modeling of W-dipping
subductions: Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system,
Terra Nova, 3, 426– 434.
Duschenes, J., K. E. Louden, and M. C. Sinha (1986), A seismic refraction
experiment in the Thyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. G. R. Astron. Soc., 85,
139–160.
Federico, C., A. Aiuppa, P. Allard, S. Bellomo, P. Jean-Baptiste, F. Parello,
and M. Valenza (2002), Magma-derived gas influx and water-rock interactions
in the volcanic aquifer of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 66, 963–981.
Fedi, M., G. Florio, and A. Rapolla (1998), 2.5D modelling of Somma-
Vesuvius structure by aeromagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 82,
239–247.
Ferrucci, F., G. Gaudiosi, N. A. Pino, G. Luongo, A. Hirn, and L. Mirabile
(1989), Seismic detection of a major Moho upheaval beneath the Campania
volcanic area (Naples, southern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 16(11),
1317–1320.
Finetti, I., and C. Morelli (1974), Esplorazione sismica a riflessione nei
Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 16, 175–222.
Frondini, F., G. Chiodini, S. Caliro, S. Cardellini, and D. Granieri (2004),
Diffuse CO2 soil degassing at Vesuvio, Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 642–
651, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0346-x.
Fulignati, P., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (1998), New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the 1944
eruption of Vesuvius, Acta Vulcanol., 10(1), 47–54.
Graham, D. W., P. Allard, C. R. J. Kilburn, F. J. Spera, and J. E. Lupton
(1993), Helium isotopes in some historical lavas from Mount Vesuvius,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 58, 359–366.
Gueguen, E., C. Doglioni, and M. Fernandez (1997), Lithospheric boudinage
in the western Mediterranean back-arc basin, Terra Nova, 9(4),
184–187.
Helgeson, H. C., J. Delany, and D. K. Bird (1978), Summary and critique of
the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals, Am. J. Sci.,
278A, 1– 229.
Henry, D. J., A. Navrotsky, and H. D. Zimmermann (1982), Thermodynamics
of plagioclase-melt equilibria in the system albite-anorthitediopside,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 381– 391.
Holloway, J. R., and J. G. Blank (1994), Application of experimental results
to C-O-H species in natural melts, in Volatiles in Magmas, Rev. Mineral.,
vol. 30, edited by C. R. Michael and J. R. Holloway, pp. 187 – 230,
Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C Imbo` , G. (1947), Considerazioni e Osservazioni comprovanti che l’eruzione
del 1944 fu terminale, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, 56, 1 –13.
Ippolito, F., B. D’Argenio, T. Pescatore, and P. Scandone (1975), Structuralstratigraphic
units and tectonic framework of southern Apennines, in
Geology of Italy, edited by C. Squyres, pp. 11, Lybian Soc. of Earth
Sci., Tripoli, Libya Arab Republic.
Judd, W. R., Y. S. Touloukian, and R. S. Roy (1989), CINDAS Data Series
on Material Properties, vol. II-2, Physical Properties of Rocks and
Minerals, 548 pp., Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Judenherc, S., and A. Zollo (2004), The Bay of Naples (southern Italy):
Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic
survey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10312, doi:10.1029/2003JB002876.
Lanari, R., G. De Natale, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, G. P. Ricciardi,
S. Borgstrom, P. Capuano, F. Pingue, and C. Troise (2002), Evidence
for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1292, doi:10.1029/2001GL014571.
Lima, A., L. V. Danyushevsky, B. De Vivo, and L. Fedele (2003), A model
for the evolution of the Mt. Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system based on
fluid and melt inclusion investigations, in Melt Inclusions in Volcanic
Systems: Methods, Applications and Problems, edited by B. De Vivo
and R. J. Bodnar, pp. 227–249, Elsevier, New York.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, R. Santacroce, and A. Sbrana (1995), Mafic
magma batches at Vesuvius: A glass inclusion approach to the modalities
of feeding stratovolcanoes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 120, 159–
169.
Marianelli, P., N. Me´trich, and A. Sbrana (1999), Shallow and deep reservoirs
involved in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Bull.
Volcanol., 61, 48–63.
Navrotsky, A. (1995), Energetics of silicate melts, in Structure, Dynamics
and Properties of Silicate Melts, Rev. Mineral., vol. 32, edited by J. F.
Stebbins, P. F. McMillan, and D. B. Dingwell, pp. 121–143, Mineral.
Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
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